scholarly journals Size-Selected SnO1.8: Ag Mixed Nanoparticle Films for Ethanol, CO, and CH4Detection

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Joshi ◽  
Frank Einar Kruis

Mixed nanoparticle films of SnO1.8: Ag prepared by the gas phase condensation method using an aerosol route have been used for the detection of CO and CH4. Particle size as estimated by transmission electron microscopy is 20 nm for both SnO1.8and Ag nanoparticles. The gas-sensing behavior of the films for these gases has been studied in detail as a function of Ag concentration in the films. A study has been made in order to distinguish the size effect and specific surface area effect in the ethanol gas-sensing behavior of SnO1.8: Ag mixed nanoparticle films. This distinction, which has not been possible using the traditional methods of the sensor fabrication, gives evidence of the dominance of size effect of the metal dopant over the surface area effect in the gas sensing of the films. The sensors show also an increased sensor signal with increase of Ag concentration in the films for CO and CH4. It is observed from the comparative study of the sensing behavior of SnO1.8: Ag films for CO and CH4that the sensors are more sensitive towards CO as compared to CH4. The mixed nanoparticle films were also used for the detection of CO at 100 ppm level.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica-M. Rodríguez-Betancourtt ◽  
Héctor Guillén Bonilla ◽  
Martín Flores Martínez ◽  
Alex Guillén Bonilla ◽  
J. P. Moran Lazaro ◽  
...  

Micro- and nanoparticles of NiSb2O6 were synthesized by the microwave-assisted colloidal method. Nickel nitrate, antimony chloride, ethylenediamine, and ethyl alcohol were used. The oxide was obtained at 600°C and was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, showing a trirutile-type structure with cell parameters a = 4.641 Å, c = 9.223 Å, and a space group P42/mnm (136). Average crystal size was estimated at ~31.19 nm, according to the XRD-peaks. The microstructure was scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), observing microrods measuring ~3.32 μm long and ~2.71 μm wide, and microspheres with an average diameter of ~8 μm; the size of the particles shaping the microspheres was measured in the range of ~0.22 to 1.8 μm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that nanoparticles were obtained with sizes in the range of 2 to 20 nm (~10.7 nm on average). Pellets made of oxide’s powders were tested in propane (C3H8) and carbon monoxide (CO) atmospheres at different concentrations and temperatures. The response of the material increased significantly as the temperature and the concentration of the test gases rose. These results show that NiSb2O6 may be a good candidate for gas sensing applications.


2004 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daihua Zhang ◽  
Zuqin Liu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Chongwu Zhou

AbstractEfficient and reliable laser-ablation approaches for large-scale synthesis of SnO2 nanowires are reported. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to confirm the crystal structure of the nanowires. The results show that these nanowires had uniform diameters around 20 nm and lengths in the order of 10 νm. In addition, field effect transistors have been constructed based on individual SnO2 nanowires. Excellent n-type transistor characteristics have been observed for SnO2 nanowire transistors. Detailed analysis revealed threshold voltages ∼ -50V with on/off ratios as high as 103 at room temperature. These nanowire transistors were further demonstrated to work as sensitive UV detectors and gas sensors.


2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viruntachar Kruefu ◽  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Anurat Wisitsoraat ◽  
Sukon Phanichphant

In the present work, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles have been investigated for monitoring ethanol (C2H5OH) at ppm levels in air. A one-step flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) process has been applied for the synthesis of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and platinum-loaded vanadium pentoxide (Pt-V2O5) nanoparticles. The samples have been studied to characterize their morphological and microstructural properties by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Pt addition to V2O5 samples were verified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry mode. The specific surface area of the nanoparticles was measured by nitrogen adsorption method. The application of the produced nanoparticles as sensitive and selective ethanol resistive sensor has been demonstrated. The Pt-loaded V2O5 sensor has shown higher response towards ethanol at ppm-level concentrations compared to unloaded one.


2006 ◽  
Vol 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Sutti ◽  
Gianluca Calestani ◽  
Chiara Dionigi ◽  
Camilla Baratto ◽  
Matteo Ferroni ◽  
...  

AbstractA novel technique is here presented, based on inverse opal metal oxide structures for the production of high quality macro and meso-porous structures for gas sensing. Taking advantage of a sol-gel templated approach, different mixed semiconducting oxides with high surface area, commonly used in chemical sensing application, were synthesized. In this work we report the comparison between SnO2 and SnO2:Zn. As witnessed by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses and by Powder x-ray Diffraction (PXRD), highly ordered meso-porous structures were formed with oxide crystalline size never exceeding 20 nm. The filled templates, in form of thick films, were bound to allumina substrate with Pt interdigitated contacts and Pt heater, through in situ calcination,in order to perform standard electrical characterization. Pollutant gases like CO and NO2 and methanol, as interfering gas, were used for the targeted electrical gas tests. All samples showed low detection limits towards both reducing and oxidizing species in low temperature measurements. Moreover, the addiction of high molar percentages of Zn(II) affected the behaviour of electrical response improving the selectivity of the proposed system.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiekun Jia ◽  
Junwei Zhao ◽  
Fang Fu ◽  
Zhao Deng ◽  
Weimin Wang ◽  
...  

Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4nanocomposites were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results of FESEM and TEM showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4nanocomposites are composed of numerous nanoparticles with the size ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm. The specific surface area of the as-prepared Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4nanocomposites is estimated to be 71.53 m2/g by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB), and the resulting showed that Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4nanocomposites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity due to their higher specific surface area and surface charge carrier transfer.


2005 ◽  
Vol 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Jain ◽  
A.K. Srivastava ◽  
R.K. Saxena ◽  
K. Ramesh

AbstractNanocrystalline tin oxide powder was prepared using a solution precipitation technique after adding the surfactant sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). Powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area (BET) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gas sensitivity for surfactant added powders increased for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) as well as compressed natural gas (CNG), due to the decreased particle size and the increased surface area. The LPG gas sensitivity increased several times using phosphorus treated surfactant AOT.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Zhi Peng Sun ◽  
Yi Lu

In this work, uniform mesoporous SnO2microspheres have been prepared via a facile and scalable method using tin tetrachloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O) and resorcinol-formaldehyde gel (RF gel) as starting materials. Furthermore, the structure and morphology of the as-prepared product were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results revealed that as-synthesized microspheres were around 500 nm in size and composed of large amount of SnO2nanoparticles with diameters of 10-20 nm. Gas sensors based on mesoporous SnO2microspheres were fabricated, and their gas sensing properties were tested for response to methane, butane, H2and CO gas. The sensor exhibited better sensitivity and selectivity to H2vapors at 300 °C than that of the conventional SnO2materials. The enhancement in gas sensing properties was attributed to their unique nanostructures.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Vergara Estupiñán ◽  
J. A. Gómez Cuaspud

ResumenEste trabajo investigó la síntesis y la caracterización de un material tipo perovskita basado en el sistema La0,95Sr0,05CrO3, mediante el método de polimerización-combustión, utilizando ácido cítrico para la conformación de especies intermedias de coordinación tipo citrato, que evolucionan en función de la temperatura hasta la consolidación de la fase cristalina buscada. La caracterización del precursor metalorgánico se realizó mediante análisis térmicos (TGA-DTA), con el fin de establecer una temperatura ideal de consolidación de la fase cristalina buscada. Los análisis de difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM), fluorescencia de rayos X por microsonda (EDX) y análisis de área superficial (BET) se realizaron sobre el material cerámico calcinado, y revelaron la obtención de una estructura cristalina ortorrómbica nanoestructurada con grupo espacial Pnma (62), con un tamaño promedio de cristalito de 20 nm. Los análisis derivados de la microscopía electrónica de transmisión revelaron que el material está conformado por agregados del orden nanométrico con una serie de propiedades texturales y morfológicas específicas para eventual aplicación a nivel catalítico, lo que guarda una estrecha relación con los datos derivados de la medida del área superficial, obtenidos por la técnica BET. Finalmente, la valoración de la composición mediante fluorescencia de rayos X permitió determinar que el control en la composición es uno de los parámetros claves en este proceso de síntesis, lo cual permite validar el método utilizado y posibilita el empleo de los materiales obtenidos en potenciales aplicaciones tecnológicas. AbstractThis work investigated the synthesis and characterization of a perovskite material based on theLa0.95Sr0.05CrO3 system, by a wet chemical route that involves the combustion-polymerization method, using citric acid as complexing agent, in order to obtain intermediate coordination species, which evolve depending on the temperature until the desired consolidation crystalline phase is obtained. The metal-organic precursor characterization was performed by thermal analyses (TGA-DTA), in order to evaluate an ideal consolidation temperature of the searched crystalline phase. The analysis by the X-ray diraction (XRD), the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the X-ray fluorescence microprobe (EDX) and the surface area (BET), were performed over the calcined ceramic material and revealed the obtention of a nanostructured orthorhombic crystal structure with a Pnma (62) space group, and a 20 nm crystallite average size. The analysis derived from the transmission electron microscopy, revealed that the material is composed of aggregates of nanometric range with a series of textural and specific morphological properties for an eventual application at the catalytic level, which is correlated with the data derived from the measurement of the surface area obtained by the BET technique. Finally, the composition by X-ray fluorescence assessment revealed that stoichiometric control in composition is one of the key parameters in this synthesis process, which allows to validate the used method and enables to employ the obtained materials in potential technological applications.


2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1849-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Han ◽  
Hong Min Zhu

Nano-sized nickel powders were prepared through a wet chemical reduction, of NiCl2 by sodium in liquid ammonia at -45 °C, and a subsequent heat-treatment in vacuum at 300 °C. The prepared product was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET specific surface area measurement. The results show that the product was composed of nano-sized nickel particles, with average particle diameter of about 20 nm, and specific surface area of about 30 m2g-1. The possible formation mechanism of the nano-sized nickel powder was also discussed briefly.


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