scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and Insulin in Normal and Growth-Restricted Mother/Infant Pairs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner ◽  
Despina D. Briana ◽  
Dimitrios Gourgiotis ◽  
Maria Boutsikou ◽  
Karl-Philipp Puchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Positive Correlations

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and insulin are essential for fetal growth. We investigated perinatal changes of both factors in 40 mothers and their 20 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 20 intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses and neonates on day 1 (N1) and day 4 (N4) postpartum. Fetal and N1, but not N4, IGF-I levels were increased in AGA (P<.001andP=.037, resp.). N1 insulin levels were lower in IUGR (P=.048). Maternal, fetal, and N1 IGF-I, and fetal insulin levels positively correlated with customized centiles (r=.374,P=.035,r=.608,P<.001,r=.485,P=.006, andr=.654,P=.021, resp.). Female infants presented elevated fetal and N4 IGF-I levels (P=.023andP=.016, resp.). Positive correlations of maternal, fetal, and neonatal IGF-I levels, and fetal insulin levels with customized centiles underline implication of both hormones in fetal growth. IUGR infants present gradually increasing IGF-I levels. Higher IGF-I levels are documented in females.

The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in human umbilical cord serum at delivery: relation to fetal weight

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Wang ◽  
J. Lim ◽  
J. English ◽  
L. Irvine ◽  
T. Chard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I

ABSTRACT Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) have been determined by radioimmunoassay in the maternal circulation (n = 91) and in the umbilical artery (n = 56) and vein (n = 90) of man. In both the umbilical artery and vein, the concentration of serum IGF-I showed an inverse correlation with birthweight (P < 0·005 and P < 0·001 respectively); the mean serum IGF-I levels in the small-for-gestational-age (SGA) group were significantly higher than those in average-for-gestational-age (AGA) neonates (P <0·01 and P < 0·001 respectively). However, maternal serum IGF-I showed no association with birthweight and there was no significant difference between the SGA and AGA groups. These observations imply that the production of IGF-I in the maternal and fetal compartments is independent and that there is unlikely to be transfer of IGF-I across the placenta. Serum IGFBP-1 levels in both maternal and umbilical cord blood (artery and vein) showed an inverse relation to birthweight (P <0·001, P<0·005 and P<0·001 respectively). Increased IGFBP-1 levels in the umbilical artery and vein were observed in the SGA group. These findings suggest that IGFBP-1 might inhibit the action of IGF-I in both the maternal and the fetal compartments and that the rise in IGFBP-1 could be a primary factor in retardation of fetal growth. Alternatively, circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-1 levels may only be a secondary reflection of local tissue events involved in fetal growth. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 459–464

scholarly journals Postnatal growth in children born small and appropriate for gestational age during the first years of life

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Valūnienė ◽  
Agnė Danylaitė ◽  
Dovilė Kryžiūtė ◽  
Giedrė Ramanauskaitė ◽  
Danutė Lašienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

The aim of the study was to evaluate growth pattern of small- and appropriate-for-gestationalage children and to identify prenatal and postnatal risk factors for short stature and development of components of metabolic syndrome. A total of 109 small- and 239 appropriate-for-gestational-age infants were enrolled in the study. Within 24 hours after birth and at 2, 5, 9, 12, 18, 24 months, and 6 years of age, anthropometric data were recorded for study children. Cord blood samples from study infants were collected, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF), IGF-binding protein-3, and leptin levels were measured. Birth weight and height (P<0.001) and insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-binding protein-3, and leptin levels (P<0.05) were lower in children born small for gestational age vs. children born appropriate for gestational age. At 2, 5, 12, 18, and 24 months and 6 years of age, children born small for gestational age remained shorter and weighed less (P<0.001). Waist-to-hip ratio, heart rate at 6 years of age and gain in body mass index from birth up to 6 years of age was higher in children born small for gestational age. Height gain during the first year of life was mainly influenced by birth length and target height. Maternal weight before pregnancy and cord leptin levels were the most significant factors influencing postnatal weight gain during the first years of life. Conclusions. During the first 6 years of life, children born small for gestational age remained shorter and lighter. A greater catch-up in body mass index and tendency towards central pattern of fat distribution during the first years of life might be predisposing factors for the development of long-term metabolic complications in these individuals.

scholarly journals Glutamate concentration in plasma, erythrocyte and muscle in relation to plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-1 and insulin in patients on haemodialysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Divino Filho ◽  
SJ Hazel ◽  
P Furst ◽  
J Bergstrom ◽  
K Hall
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Igf I

Elevated insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) levels, including IGFBP-1, occur in renal failure, and may contribute towards reduced IGF bioactivity in uraemia. The reduced IGF bioactivity may, in turn, contribute towards the disturbances in protein metabolism present in renal failure. In this study, the relationships between intra- and extracellular amino acid (AA) levels and IGF-I and/or IGFBP-1 levels were studied in 30 adult patients (aged 24-70 years) on haemodialysis who had no clinical signs of malnutrition. Blood samples (n = 30) and muscle biopsies (n = 13) were collected for determination of free AA in erythrocytes (RBC), plasma and muscle by reverse-phase HPLC while IGFBP-1, IGF-I and insulin plasma levels were determined by radioimmunoassay The patients on haemodialysis had elevated glutamate concentrations in RBC and plasma compared with healthy controls (524 +/- 26 vs 448 +/- 17 mumol/l, P < 0.05 and 45 +/- 4 vs 32 +/- 4 mumol/l, P < 0.01 respectively), although glutamate levels in muscle were within the normal range. The mean IGF-I level was slightly increased (s.d. score +0.74 +/- 0.30) but insulin levels were within the normal range. IGFBP-1 levels, which were inversely correlated to insulin (r = -0.40, P < 0.02), were elevated threefold compared with controls. No plasma AA level displayed a significant correlation with IGF-I, IGFBP-1 or insulin levels. However, glutamate concentrations in RBC were positively correlated to IGFBP-1 (r = 0.51, P < 0.01) and inversely correlated to IGF-I (r = -0.46. P < 0.01), although unrelated to insulin. Muscle glutamate, which was inversely related to RBC glutamate, displayed an opposite pattern with an inverse relation to IGFBP-1 levels (r = - 0.73, P < 0.01) and a positive correlation to IGF-I levels (r = 0.64, P < 0.02). Glutamate was the only AA to display an inverse correlation between RBC and muscle (r = -0.65, P < 0.02, n = 12). These findings lead us to propose that, in uraemia, the elevated IGFBP-I levels, which reduce the bioavailability of IGFs, are linked to glutamate uptake in muscle, resulting in accumulation of RBC glutamate. Whether there is a causal relationship or the correlation is due to some common regulator is not clarified in the present study.

scholarly journals Loss of the pregnancy-induced rise in cortisol concentrations in the ewe impairs the fetal insulin-like growth factor axis

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen C. Jensen ◽  
Laura Bennet ◽  
Charles Wood ◽  
Mark Vickers ◽  
Bernhard Breier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Low Cortisol

Maternal cortisol levels increase during pregnancy. Although this change is important for optimal fetal growth, the mechanisms of the changes in growth remain unclear. The hypothesis examined was that alterations in maternal plasma cortisol concentrations are associated with changes in the fetal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. Pregnant ewes in late gestation (115 ± 0.4 days) were studied: six control animals, five ewes given 1 mg kg–1 day–1 cortisol (high cortisol) and five adrenalectomised ewes given 0.5–0.6 mg kg–1 day–1 cortisol (low cortisol). Blood samples were taken throughout the experiment and at necropsy (130 ± 0.2 days) and fetal liver was frozen for mRNA analysis. Fetal IGF-I and insulin plasma concentrations were lower and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) concentrations were higher in the low cortisol group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Fetal liver IGF-II and IGFBP-3 mRNA were decreased in low cortisol animals compared with controls (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in these parameters in the high cortisol group, and there were no changes in fetal liver IGF-I, growth hormone receptor, IGF-I receptor, IGF-II receptor, IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-2 mRNA levels between the groups. These data suggest that reduced fetal IGF availability contributes to reduced fetal growth when maternal cortisol secretion is impaired, but not during exposure to moderate increases in cortisol.

scholarly journals 273.Insulin-like growth factor treatment of pregnant guinea pigs during early pregnancy promotes fetal growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
A. N. Sferruzzi-Perri ◽  
J. A. Owens ◽  
J. S. Robinson ◽  
C. T. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Igf I

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II is an important regulator of growth in many tissues and is abundantly expressed in the placenta during pregnancy. Gene ablation studies performed in mice have shown that IGF-II deficiency results in both impaired fetal and placental growth, whereas deficiency in IGF-I reduces fetal growth only. Conversely, maternal IGF supplementation in early pregnancy in the guinea pig increases placental and fetal size by mid pregnancy. This study aimed to determine whether these anabolic effects persist into late pregnancy after cessation of treatment. On Day 20 of pregnancy, mothers were anaesthetised and a mini osmotic pump was implanted subcutaneously, to deliver 1mg/kg/day IGF-I (n = 7), IGF-II (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 7) for 17 days. Guinea pigs were killed on Day 62 of pregnancy (term ~67 days). Fetal and placental weights, and maternal and fetal body composition, were measured. Total litter size was unaffected by IGF treatment; however, IGF-II increased the number of viable fetuses by 26% (P = 0.01). After adjusting for the number of viable pups per litter, maternal IGF treatment increased fetal growth by increasing abdominal circumference, crown-rump length and fetal weight (fetal weight: IGF-I 79+/–2.5 g; IGF-II 78+/–2.6 g; vs vehicle 68+/–2.5 g, P = 0.02). IGF treatment did not alter absolute or relative fetal organ weights. IGF-I reduced placental weight by 9% and IGF-II increased it by 9%, but not significantly. IGF-I increased the fetal weight�:�placental weight ratio (19+/–0.9 vs 15+/–0.9, respectively P = 0.043). IGF treatment did not affect maternal weight gain during pregnancy nor net carcass weight; however, IGF-I reduced maternal lung and adipose tissue weights. In conclusion, maternal IGF-II treatment during early pregnancy improved fetal growth into late gestation, possibly by modulating placental efficiency. As poor placental development is implicated in fetal growth restriction, increasing maternal IGF abundance in early to mid pregnancy may be a potential therapeutic approach to placental insufficiency.

Insulin-like growth factor I promotes growth selectively in fetal sheep in late gestation

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. R1148-R1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lok ◽  
J. A. Owens ◽  
L. Mundy ◽  
J. S. Robinson ◽  
P. C. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is required for normal fetal growth and skeletal maturation in late gestation, because null mutations of the IGF-I gene in mice reduce fetal weight and retard ossification of bones. To determine if, conversely, increased abundance of IGF-I promotes fetal growth and skeletal maturation, fetal sheep were infused intravascularly with recombinant human IGF-I (n = 7) (26 +/- 3 micrograms. h-1.kg-1) from 120 to 130 days gestation and compared with controls (n = 15). IGF-I infusion increased plasma IGF-I concentrations by 140% (P = 0.002) and weights of fetal liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, pituitary, and adrenal glands by 16-50% (P < 0.05). Weights and/or lengths of the fetus, placenta, gastrointestinal tract, individual skeletal muscles, and long bones were unchanged by IGF-I. However, IGF-I increased the percentage of proximal epiphyses of long bones present (P < 0.05) and their cross-sectional areas by 15 to 38% (P < 0.05). These results show that IGF-I promotes growth of major fetal organs, endocrine glands, and skeletal maturation in vivo, consistent with IGF-I actively controlling and not merely facilitating fetal growth. The variable response of different tissues may partly reflect tissue specificity in growth requirements for additional factors.

scholarly journals Impact of fetal growth restriction on body composition and hormonal status at birth in infants of small and appropriate weight for gestational age

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Verkauskiene ◽  
J Beltrand ◽  
O Claris ◽  
D Chevenne ◽  
S Deghmoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igfbp 3

AbstractBackgroundFetal growth restriction (FGR) has been related to several health risks, which have been generally identified in small-for-gestational age (SGA) individuals.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of FGR on body composition and hormonal status in infants born either small- or appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA).MethodsFetal growth was assessed by ultrasound every 4 weeks from mid-gestation to birth in 248 high-risk pregnancies for SGA. Fetal growth velocity was calculated as change in the estimated fetal weight percentiles and FGR defined as its reduction by more than 20 percentiles from 22 gestational weeks to birth. Impact of FGR on body composition, cord insulin, IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and cortisol concentrations was assessed in SGA and AGA newborns.ResultsGrowth-retarded AGA infants showed significantly reduced birth weight, ponderal index, percentage of fat mass, and bone mineral density when compared with AGA newborns with stable intrauterine growth. Cord IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were significantly decreased in growth-retarded infants in both SGA and AGA groups. Cord insulin concentration was significantly lower and cord cortisol significantly higher in AGA infants with FGR versus AGA newborns with stable intrauterine growth.After adjustment for gestational age and gender, birth weight was directly related to fetal growth velocity and cord IGF-I concentration. The variation in infant's adiposity was best explained by fetal growth velocity and cord insulin concentration.ConclusionsFGR affects body composition and hormonal parameters in newborns with birth weight within the normal range, suggesting these individuals could be at similar metabolic risks as SGA.

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