scholarly journals Quantitative and O2Enhanced MRI of the Pathologic Lung: Findings in Emphysema, Fibrosis, and Cystic Fibrosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Stadler ◽  
Leopold Stiebellehner ◽  
Peter M. Jakob ◽  
Johannes F. T. Arnold ◽  
Edith Eisenhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Pulmonary Physiology ◽  
Entire Lung ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: beyond the pure morphological visual representation, MR imaging offers the possibility to quantify parameters in the healthy, as well as, in pathologic lung parenchyma. Gas exchange is the primary function of the lung and the transport of oxygen plays a key role in pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology. The purpose of this review is to present a short overview of the relaxation mechanisms of the lung and the current technical concepts of T1 mapping and methods of oxygen enhanced MR imaging.Material and Methods: molecular oxygen has weak paramagnetic properties so that an increase in oxygen concentration results in shortening of the T1 relaxation time and thus to an increase of the signal intensity in T1 weighted images. A possible way to gain deeper insights into the relaxation mechanisms of the lung is the calculation of parameter Maps. T1 Maps based on a snapshot FLASH sequence obtained during the inhalation of various oxygen concentrations provide data for the creation of the so-called oxygen transfer function (OTF), assigning a measurement for local oxygen transfer. T1 weighted single shot TSE sequences also permit expression of the signal changing effects associated with the inhalation of pure oxygen.Results: the average of the mean T1 values over the entire lung in inspiration amounts to 1199+/−117 milliseconds, the average of the mean T1 values in expiration was 1333+/−167 milliseconds. T1 Maps of patients with emphysema and lung fibrosis show fundamentally different behavior patterns. Oxygen enhanced MRT is able to demonstrate reduced diffusion capacity and diminished oxygen transport in patients with emphysema and cystic fibrosis.Discussion: results published in literature indicate that T1 mapping and oxygen enhanced MR imaging are promising new methods in functional imaging of the lung and when evaluated in conjunction with the pure morphological images can provide additional valuable information.

scholarly journals T1 mapping of the entire lung parenchyma: Influence of the respiratory phase in healthy individuals

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Stadler ◽  
Peter M. Jakob ◽  
Mark Griswold ◽  
Markus Barth ◽  
Alexander A. Bankier
Keyword(s):  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Respiratory Phase ◽  
Entire Lung

scholarly journals Highb-Value Diffusion MRI to Differentiate Recurrent Tumors from Posttreatment Changes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single Center Prospective Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Acampora ◽  
Gaetana Manzo ◽  
Giacomo Fenza ◽  
Giuseppina Busto ◽  
Antonietta Serino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Recently DW-MR Imaging has shown promising results in distinguishing between recurrent tumors and posttreatment changes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSSC). Aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of DWI at highb-value (b= 2000 s/mm2) compared to standardb-value (b= 1000 s/mm2) andADCratiovalues (ADCratio=ADC2000/ADC1000×100) to differentiate recurrent tumors from posttreatment changes after treatment of HSNCC. 20 patients (16 M, 4 F) underwent MR Imaging between 2 and 16 months (mean 7) after treatment. Besides morphological sequences, we performed single-shot echo-planar DWI atb= 1000 s/mm2andb= 2000 s/mm2, and corresponding ADC maps were generated (ADC1000and ADC2000, resp.). By considering contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images as references, ROIs were drawn in order to evaluate mean ADC1000, ADC2000, andADCratio. The mean ADC1000and ADC2000in recurrent tumors were significantly lower than those in posttreatment changes (P=0.001andP=0.016, resp.). Moreover, the meanADCratiobetween the two groups showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.002). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy ofADCratiowere 82.0%, 100%, and 90%, respectively, by considering an optimal cutoff value of 65.5%.ADCratiois a promising value to differentiate between recurrent tumors and posttreatment changes in HNSCC and may be more useful than ADC1000and ADC2000.

Gamma knife radiosurgery in the management of cavernous sinus meningiomas

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Hugues Roche ◽  
Jean Régis ◽  
Henry Dufour ◽  
Henri-Dominique Fournier ◽  
Christine Delsanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cavernous Sinus Meningioma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors sought to assess the functional tolerance and tumor control rate of cavernous sinus meningiomas treated by gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). Methods. Between July 1992 and October 1998, 92 patients harboring benign cavernous sinus meningiomas underwent GKS. The present study is concerned with the first 80 consecutive patients (63 women and 17 men). Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed as an alternative to surgical removal in 50 cases and as an adjuvant to microsurgery in 30 cases. The mean patient age was 49 years (range 6–71 years). The mean tumor volume was 5.8 cm3 (range 0.9–18.6 cm3). On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the tumor was confined in 66 cases and extensive in 14 cases. The mean prescription dose was 28 Gy (range 12–50 Gy), delivered with an average of eight isocenters (range two–18). The median peripheral isodose was 50% (range 30–70%). Patients were evaluated at 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years after GKS. The median follow-up period was 30.5 months (range 12–79 months). Tumor stabilization after GKS was noted in 51 patients, tumor shrinkage in 25 patients, and enlargement in four patients requiring surgical removal in two cases. The 5-year actuarial progression-free survival was 92.8%. No new oculomotor deficit was observed. Among the 54 patients with oculomotor nerve deficits, 15 improved, eight recovered, and one worsened. Among the 13 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, one worsened (contemporary of tumor growing), five remained unchanged, four improved, and three recovered. In a patient with a remnant surrounding the optic nerve and preoperative low vision (3/10) the decision was to treat the lesion and deliberately sacrifice the residual visual acuity. Only one transient unexpected optic neuropathy has been observed. One case of delayed intracavernous carotid artery occlusion occurred 3 months after GKS, without permanent deficit. Another patient presented with partial complex seizures 18 months after GKS. All cases of tumor growth and neurological deficits observed after GKS occurred before the use of GammaPlan. Since the initiation of systematic use of stereotactic MR imaging and computer-assisted modern dose planning, no more side effects or cases of tumor growth have occurred. Conclusions. Gamma knife radiosurgery was found to be an effective low morbidity—related tool for the treatment of cavernous sinus meningioma. In a significant number of patients, oculomotor functional restoration was observed. The treatment appears to be an alternative to surgical removal of confined enclosed cavernous sinus meningioma and should be proposed as an adjuvant to surgery in case of extensive meningiomas.

Pilot study for cystic fibrosis neonatal screening: the Cuban experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1857-1864
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Castells ◽  
Aramis Sánchez ◽  
Amarilys Frómeta ◽  
Yanin Mokdse ◽  
Nelson Ozunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Unequal Variance ◽  
National Network ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundIn Cuba, no screening program for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been implemented yet. The ultramicro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (UMELISA)® TIR NEONATAL has been developed for the measurement of immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) in dried blood spots on filter paper. The analytical performance of the kit was evaluated in the national network of laboratories.MethodsNewborn dried blood samples (DBS) were evaluated in 16 laboratories. An IRT/IRT/DNA protocol was followed using a cut-off value of 50 ng/mL. The mean, median and percentiles of the distribution were calculated and a two-sample t-test with unequal variance was used for statistical analysis. Influence of perinatal factors on IRT levels was analyzed.ResultsFrom January to June 2018, 6470 newborns were studied, obtaining a mean IRT value of 12.09 ng/mL (ranging 0–358 ng/mL) and a median of 8.99 ng/mL. Fifty-two samples (0.78%) were above the cut-off level and 16 samples (0.24%) were elevated in the re-screening process. One of them was confirmed positive by molecular biology (phe508del/c.3120 + 1G > A), constituting the first newborn screened and diagnosed early in Cuba. Second DBS samples were collected on average at 14 days and processed in the laboratory at 16 days of birth. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) when evaluating the influence of gender, birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) on the IRT values. Lower IRT concentrations were found in samples processed after 10 days of collection.ConclusionsThe performance of UMELISA® TIR NEONATAL in the laboratories has been satisfactory; hence CF newborn screening (NBS) was extended throughout the country from January 2019.

Comparison of myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hideharu Oka ◽  
Kouichi Nakau ◽  
Sadahiro Nakagawa ◽  
Yuki Kobayashi ◽  
Rina Imanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Myocardial T1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: T1 mapping is a recently developed imaging analysis method that allows quantitative assessment of myocardial T1 values obtained using MRI. In children, MRI is performed under free-breathing. Thus, it is important to know the changes in T1 values between free-breathing and breath-holding. This study aimed to compare the myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing. Methods: Thirteen patients and eight healthy volunteers underwent cardiac MRI, and T1 values obtained during breath-holding and free-breathing were examined and compared. Statistical differences were determined using the paired t-test. Results: The mean T1 values during breath-holding were 1211.1 ± 39.0 ms, 1209.7 ± 37.4 ms, and 1228.9 ± 52.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively, while the mean T1 values during free-breathing were 1165.1 ± 69.0 ms, 1103.7 ± 55.8 ms, and 1112.0 ± 81.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. The T1 values were lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in almost all segments (basal: p = 0.008, mid: p < 0.001, apical: p < 0.001). The mean T1 values in each cross section were 3.1, 7.8, and 7.7% lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. Conclusions: We found that myocardial T1 values during free-breathing were about 3–8% lower in all cross sections than those during breath-holding. In free-breathing, it may be difficult to assess myocardial T1 values, except in the basal region, because of underestimation; thus, the findings should be interpreted with caution, especially in children.

scholarly journals Radiation dose from common radiological investigations and cumulative exposure in children with cystic fibrosis: an observational study from a single UK centre

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e017548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ward ◽  
William D Carroll ◽  
Paula Cunningham ◽  
Sheng-Ang Ho ◽  
Mary Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Exposure

ObjectivesCumulative radiation exposure is associated with increased risk of malignancy. This is important in cystic fibrosis (CF) as frequent imaging is required to monitor disease progression and diagnose complications. Previous estimates of cumulative radiation are outdated as the imaging was performed on older equipment likely to deliver higher radiation. Our objectives were to determine the radiation dose delivered to children during common radiological investigations using modern equipment and to identify the number of such investigations performed in a cohort of children with CF to calculate their cumulative radiation exposure.Design, setting and participantsData including age at investigation and radiation exposure measured as estimated effective dose (EED) were collected on 2827 radiological studies performed on children at one UK paediatric centre. These were combined with the details of all radiological investigations performed on 65 children with CF attending the same centre to enable calculation of each child’s cumulative radiation exposure.ResultsThe mean EED for the common radiological investigations varied according to age. The range was 0.01–0.02 mSv for chest X-rays, 0.03–0.11 mSv for abdominal X-rays, 0.57–1.69 mSv for CT chest, 2.9–3.9 mSv for abdominal and pelvic CT, 0.20–0.21 mSv for sinus CT and 0.15–0.52 mSv for fluoroscopy-guided procedures. The mean EED was three to five times higher for helical compared with axial chest CT scans. The mean annual cumulative EED for our cohort of children with CF was 0.15 mSv/year with an estimated cumulative paediatric lifetime EED (0–18 years) of 3.5 mSv.ConclusionsThis study provides up-to-date estimations of the radiation exposure when using common radiological investigations. These doses and the estimates of cumulative radiation exposure in children with CF are lower than previously reported. This reflects the reduced EED associated with modern equipment and the use of age-specific scanning protocols.

scholarly journals Embolic Complications of Endovascular Surgery for Cerebrovascular Diseases Evaluation with Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakai ◽  
N. Sakai ◽  
I. Nakahara ◽  
T. Shimozuru ◽  
T. Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
B Value ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Endovascular Surgery ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
Echo Planar

The purpose of this study was to evaluate asymptomatic embolisms during cerebral endovascular surgery for cerebrovascular diseases with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) which allowed sensitive and early detection of cerebral ischemic lesions. 71 patients who underwent a total of 74 cerebral endovascular procedures were subjected to DWI screening study. MR imaging was performed on a 1.5T system by using single-shot SE echo-planar imaging (EPI) with b value of 1100 seconds per mm2 in pre- and post-treatment periods (between day 2 and 5 after procedures). In 38 (51.3%) of 74 procedures, new high intensity lesions, as recent infarctions related to procedures, were detected on post-procedural DWI. In 18 Of the patients (47.4%), symptomatic infarctions occurred and resulted in TIAs (n = 4), RINDs (n = 8), minor strokes (n = 6) and no major strokes and no death. 20 (52.6%) of the recent infarctions detected by DWI were asymptomatic lesions. Most of the asymptomatic ischemic lesions were likely to be distributed in watershed border areas. On the other hand, symptomatic lesions tended to be distributed in cortical and/or perforator regions and to be multiple. Thus, DWI is a useful method that can detect neurologically silent and asymptomatic ischemic lesions. It can be used to help to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neurovascular intervention.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Severity: The FACED Score vs the Bronchiectasis Severity Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Minov ◽  
J Karadzinska-Bislimovska ◽  
K Vasilevska ◽  
S Stoleski ◽  
D Mijakoski
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Chronic Colonization ◽  
The Mean

Introduction : Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a multidimensional disease, and no single isolated parameter is proved to have sufficient power for any overall determination of its severity and prognosis. Objective : To compare the results of the assessment of the NCFB severity with respect to its prognosis in the same patients by two different validated scores, i.e. the FACED score and the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI). Methods : An observational study including 37 patients with NCFB (16 males and 21 female aged 46 to 76 years) was performed. All patients underwent evaluation of the variables incorporated in the FACED score (FEV1 % predicted, age, chronic colonization by Pseudomaonas aeruginosa, radiological extent of the disease, and dyspnea) and in the BSI (age, body mass index, FEV1 % predicted, hospitalization and exacerbations in previous year, dyspnea, chronic colonization by Pseudomaonas aeruginosa and other microrganisms, and radiological extent of the disease). Results : According to the value of the derived overall FACED score we found 17 patients (45.9%) with mild bronchiectasis, 14 patients (37.8%) with moderate bronchiectasis and 6 patients (16.2%) with severe bronchiectasis. The mean derived FACED score was 3.4 ± 1.3. In addition, according to the value of the derived overall BSI score, the frequency of patients with low, intermediate and high BSI score was 16 patients (43,2%), 14 patients (37.8%) and 7 patients (18.9%), respectively. The mean derived BSI score was 6.4 ± 2.5. Conclusion : We found similar results by the assessment of the NCFB severity in regard to its prognosis by both the FACED score and the BSI. Further studies determining how these scores may impact clinical practice are needed.

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