scholarly journals The Use of Clinical Practise Guidelines for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitals in Atlantic Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Practise

BACKGROUND:Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been shown to improve the care of patients presenting to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and are considered the 'standard of care'. The extent of adoption of CPGs in Canada is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To determine the use of CPGs by hospitals in Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island).METHODS:Telephone survey of all hospitals listed in the Canadian Medical Directory as being situated in Atlantic Canada. Hospitals were included if they had all three of the following: an emergency department, x-ray facilities and acute care inpatient beds.RESULTS:Of 143 hospitals, 93 were included for analysis. Of these, 41 (44.1%) used CAP CPGs. Hospitals were less likely to be using CAP CPGs if they were smaller, rural or community hospitals, or if they did not have an intensive care unit. Of the four provinces, New Brunswick had the most hospitals using CAP CPGs (73.1%), while Newfoundland had the least (17.2%).CONCLUSIONS:Although larger teaching hospitals are using CAP CPGs, the degree of adoption of CPGs in smaller hospitals in Atlantic Canada is low. Efforts to produce standard CPGs that can be adapted to different sites, as well as implementation strategies, are indicated.

The ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: review of collecting, new records, and observations on composition, zoogeography, and historical origins

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1590 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER G. MAJKA ◽  
YVES BOUSQUET ◽  
SUSAN WESTBY
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Faunal List ◽  
Historical Origins

The Carabidae of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are surveyed. The collecting history of the family in the region is reviewed. New records of 20 species are reported, 6 from New Brunswick and 15 from Nova Scotia. Six species are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) as a whole. Six species are removed from the faunal list of Nova Scotia and one from the faunal list of New Brunswick. Consequently, 282 species of Carabidae are now known from Nova Scotia, 273 species from New Brunswick, and 329 from the Maritime Provinces as a whole. A new and earlier timeline (1942) is reported for the introduced Palearctic carabid, Bembidion properans (Stephens), in North America. The status of Stenolophus carbo Bousquet in the region is reviewed and its presence in Nova Scotia is considered doubtful. The historical origins of the Maritime fauna are discussed based on studies of post-glacial Coleoptera. These indicate at least three colonization phases, some elements of which are still apparent in the contemporary fauna. Elements of the native Nova Scotia fauna not found in New Brunswick (26 species), may represent colonization from New England across post-glacial land bridges and island chains. Elements of the native fauna found in New Brunswick and not Nova Scotia (31 species), may represent species that have reached the eastward limit of their distribution for climatic or environmental reasons; or that have found the Northumberland Strait and/or the isthmus of Chignecto an obstacle to geographical dispersal; or represent widely distributed boreal species (6 species) that should be sought in Nova Scotia. Eighteen species of Nova Scotia carabids have been recorded only from Cape Breton Island, two of which are known in Atlantic Canada solely from there. Although Cape Breton is separated from the mainland by the 1.5 km wide Strait of Canso, the number of flightless, native carabids present is proportionally greater than that in Nova Scotia overall, or the Maritime Provinces as a whole. Despite differences in land mass and distance to the neighbouring mainland, the faunas of Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island, and insular Newfoundland, exhibit similarities in size and composition, although Newfoundland's fauna has twice the proportion of Holarctic species. Cape Breton's carabid fauna is diminished compared to the neighbouring mainland, having only 57% of the native species. This may represent an island-associated diminution, the paucity of collecting, or a combination of both, although in comparison with other groups of Coleoptera the Carabidae appear relatively well represented. Within Atlantic Canada, New Brunswick has the lowest proportion (8.8%) of introduced carabids and the highest proportion (83.2%) of native, Nearctic species. Given the potential utility of carabids as bioindicators, and the wide range of disturbance to which the environment of the Maritime Provinces has been subjected, further research on this diverse group of beetles would be desirable.

Here & there, now & agin regions end where countries begin

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
John Murchie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
World War ◽  
Professional Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
European Civilization

‘A historical dictionary of artists in Atlantic Canada’ is the first attempt to systematically develop the contours of four hundred years of visual arts in Atlantic Canada since the hegemony of Western European civilization. The project entails the development of a data base of biographical and professional information on artists born prior to 1939 and the beginning of the Second World War who were active in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada — New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. The definition of ‘artist’ has been as broadly defined as possible to include craft persons, photographers, architects nor has there been an attempt to limit the definitions to ‘professionals’. The data is stored in a ‘FileMaker Pro’ programme using a Macintosh computer.

scholarly journals Supposed Periodicity of Redpoll, Carduelis sp., Winter Visitations in Atlantic Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Erskine ◽  
Reid McManus
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Better Than

Redpoll (primarily Carduelis flammea) data from the New Brunswick–Nova Scotia border region were reviewed in the context of alleged biennial periodicity of irruptions south of their breeding range. Long-term records by the authors suggested a number of departures from visitation in alternate years. Three local Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs) spanning the last 41 winters supported the less-than-regular pattern shown by individual observations. CBC redpoll data from across the Atlantic Provinces revealed annual redpoll visitations across southern New Brunswick, where the largest regional counts (adjusted for observer effort) usually occurred. Visitation to Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland was less frequent, and patterns there were often obscured by scarcity of CBCs with both long-run coverage and redpolls. Examination of those data in relation to varying food availability suggested that irregular abundance but near-annual occurrence of redpoll visitation explains observed observations better than attempts to find periodicity in their irruptions.

Latridiidae (Coleoptera) of Atlantic Canada: new records, keys to identification, new synonyms, distribution, and zoogeography

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Majka ◽  
David Langor ◽  
Wolfgang H. Rücker
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Cape Breton

AbstractThirty-five species of Latridiidae are reported in Atlantic Canada as a whole, 17 in New Brunswick, 14 in Newfoundland, 31 in Nova Scotia, and 14 on Prince Edward Island. Fifty-six new provincial records are reported (11 in New Brunswick, 9 in Newfoundland, 23 in Nova Scotia, 13 in Prince Edward Island). Twenty-two species are newly recorded for Atlantic Canada. Of these, Cartodere (Aridius) bifasciata (Reitter), Enicmus histrio Joy and Tomlin, Latridius consimilis (Mannerheim), Corticaria elongata (Gyllenhal), C. impressa (Olivier), C. saginata Mannerheim, Corticarina longipennis (LeConte), Melanophthalma helvola Motschulsky, and M. inermis Motschulsky are newly recorded in Canada, and C. bifasciata, E. histrio, and C. saginata are newly recorded in North America. Dienerella filiformis (Gyllenhal) is removed from the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island lists. Corticaria dentigera LeConte is removed from the Labrador and Atlantic Provinces lists. Melanophthalma inculta Motschulsky syn. nov. and M. signata Belon syn. nov. are designated as a junior synonyms of M. inermis Motschulsky and M. picta (LeConte), respectively. Melanophthalma helvola Motschulsky is reinstated as a valid species. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of M. helvola and M. americana (Mannerheim) are designated. Approximately half of the species are adventive (16 Palaearctic, 1 Australian) and half are native (13 Nearctic, 3 Holarctic). Two species are of uncertain zoogeographic status. Although some species are synanthropic, several have colonized native habitats. Nova Scotia has the largest number of adventive species, probably as a result of trans-Atlantic shipping. New Brunswick has the fewest, at least in part because of insufficient collecting there. Early detection dates and introduction processes are discussed. The native faunas on Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton Island, and Newfoundland appear diminished (33%–40%) compared with those of the neighbouring mainland. Although all latridiids are mycetophagous, many in the region show clear habitat preferences; however, the ecological role of those species requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Influenza With an Infiltrate: Investigating the New Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s302-s302
Author(s):  
Amanda Barner ◽  
Lou Ann Bruno-Murtha
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Infectious Diseases Society of America released updated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guidelines in October 2019. One of the recommendations, with a low quality of supporting evidence, is the standard administration of antibiotics in adult patients with influenza and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Procalcitonin (PCT) is not endorsed as a strategy to withhold antibiotic therapy, but it could be used to de-escalate appropriate patients after 48–72 hours. Radiographic findings are not indicative of the etiology of pneumonia. Prescribing antibiotics for all influenza-positive patients with an infiltrate has significant implications for stewardship. Therefore, we reviewed hospitalized, influenza-positive patients at our institution during the 2018–2019 season, and we sought to assess the impact of an abnormal chest x-ray (CXR) and PCT on antibiotic prescribing and outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all influenza-positive admissions at 2 urban, community-based, teaching hospitals. Demographic data, vaccination status, PCT levels, CXR findings, and treatment regimens were reviewed. The primary outcome was the difference in receipt of antibiotics between patients with a negative (<0.25 ng/mL) and positive PCT. Secondary outcomes included the impact of CXR result on antibiotic prescribing, duration, 30-day readmission, and 90-day mortality. Results: We reviewed the medical records of 117 patients; 43 (36.7%) received antibiotics. The vaccination rate was 36.7%. Also, 11% of patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 84% received antibiotics. Moreover, 109 patients had a CXR: 61 (55.9%) were negative, 29 (26.6%) indeterminate, and 19 (17.4%) positive per radiologist interpretation. Patients with a positive PCT (OR, 12.7; 95% CI, 3.43–60.98; P < .0007) and an abnormal CXR (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 2.9–20.1; P = .000003) were more likely to receive antibiotics. There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission (11.6% vs 13.5%; OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.21–3.08; P = 1) and 90-day mortality (11.6% vs 5.4%; OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 0.48–12.75; P = .28) between those that received antibiotics and those that did not, respectively. Furthermore, 30 patients (62.5%) with an abnormal CXR received antibiotics and 21 (43.7%) had negative PCT. There was no difference in 30-day readmission or 90-day mortality between those that did and did not receive antibiotics. Conclusions: Utilization of PCT allowed selective prescribing of antibiotics without impacting readmission or mortality. Antibiotics should be initiated for critically ill patients and based on clinical judgement, rather than for all influenza-positive patients with CXR abnormalities.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

‘They’re a very sick group of individuals’: Correctional officers, emotions, and sex offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Spencer ◽  
Rose Ricciardelli
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Occupational Culture ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach

In this article, we analyze the politics of emotions within the occupational culture of correctional officers by focusing attention on how sex offenders are constituted as objects of fear and disgust. We draw on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 100 Canadian men and women with experience working as correctional officers in provincial prisons (e.g. New Brunswick, Ontario, Alberta, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island) to understand how sex offenders are viewed within their occupational culture. Utilizing an interpretive hermeneutic approach, this article analyzes Canadian correctional officers’ interpretations of sex offenders. We show the effects of sex offenders’ construction as objects of fear and disgust, in terms of their identities and positionality in the general prison population, and the level of protection and services they receive while in prison.

scholarly journals Limited Genetic Diversity in North American Isolates of Phytophthora erythroseptica Pathogenic to Potato Based on RAPD Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick D. Peters ◽  
Rod J. Clark ◽  
Albert D. Coffin ◽  
Antony V. Sturz ◽  
David H. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Phytophthora Erythroseptica

Pink rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum), caused by Phytophthora erythroseptica, is found wherever potatoes are grown, and in the last decade, it has reemerged as an economically important disease in Canada and the United States. A selection of isolates of P. erythroseptica from major potato-growing regions in North America, namely Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada, and Maine and Idaho, U.S.A., was assessed for genetic diversity with randomly chosen decanucleotide primers which were used to amplify regions of DNA to reveal polymorphisms among templates (random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD]). The isolates varied in their geographic origin as well as in their sensitivity to mefenoxam, as determined by an in vitro assay. In three separate RAPD screens (I, II, and III) with 23 isolates of P. erythroseptica chosen from a larger collection, 1,410, 369, and 316 robust, scorable bands were amplified, respectively. However, among the bands amplified in screens I, II, and III, only 3, 1, and 3 bands, respectively, were polymorphic. When three primers yielding polymorphisms were used to screen 106 isolates from Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, or a representative collection of 32 isolates from Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Maine, and Idaho, no major variation was discovered. RAPD markers were not correlated with geographic origin or mefenoxam sensitivity of the isolates. From an evolutionary standpoint, the absence of genetic diversity among the isolates of P. erythroseptica we examined may be attributable to the relatively recent introduction of a small founding population of the pathogen in North America.

Apiosporina morbosa. [Distribution map].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Prunus Spp ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Apiosporina morbosa (Schwein.) v. Arx Fungi: Ascomycota: Dothideales Hosts: Stone fruit (Prunus spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest, Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin.

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