scholarly journals Measurement of Antibiotic Consumption: A Practical Guide to the Use of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification and Defined Daily Dose System Methodology in Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Hutchinson ◽  
David M Patrick ◽  
Fawziah Marra ◽  
Helen Ng ◽  
William R Bowie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Chemical Classification ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Relationship Of

Despite the global public health importance of resistance of microorganisms to the effects of antibiotics, and the direct relationship of consumption to resistance, little information is available concerning levels of consumption in Canadian hospitals and out-patient settings. The present paper provides practical advice on the use of administrative pharmacy data to address this need. Focus is made on the use of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification and Defined Daily Dose system. Examples of consumption data from Canadian community and hospital settings, with comparisons to international data, are used to incite interest and to propose uses of this information. It is hoped that all persons responsible for policy decisions regarding licensing, reimbursement, prescribing guidelines, formulary controls or any other structure pertaining to antimicrobial use become conversant with the concepts of population antibiotic consumption and that this paper provides them with the impetus and direction to begin accurately measuring and comparing antibiotic use in their jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Anak Rawat Inap di RSD Dr. Soebandi Jember

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinta Rachmawati ◽  
Dewi Khurmi Masito ◽  
Ema Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Condition Evaluation ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Active Substances

Infection is one of the health problems. It is mostly caused by bacteria. The increased incidence of bacterial infection results in higher antibiotic use. It can lead to antibiotic resistance risk. Antibiotic resistance may occur in pediatric patients. Morbidity, mortality, and high cost of medication are impact of this condition. Evaluation of antibiotic use needs to be done to ensure responsible use of antibiotics. ATCD/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/ Defined Daily Dose) method can be used to evaluate antibiotic use quantitatively. ATC classification is a system of grouping active substances according to their location of action and DDD is a measurement system that is connected to the ATC code.The purpose of this study was determining the profile of antibiotic use and measuring quantitative evaluation with ATC/DDD method in pediatric patients. The data was collected by observing the hospital medical record. The results of this study showed that cephalosporin (46,22%) was the most used group and cefotaxime (31,15%) was the most used type of antibiotic. While, the quantitative evaluation with ATC/DDD method indicated that the highest of antibiotic use was ceftriaxone (11,30 DDD/100 patient days) and the lowest was amikacin (0,03 DDD/100 patient days)

Evaluation of ambulatory antibiotic use in Hungary using drug-specific quality indicators

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (24) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Matuz ◽  
Ria Benkő ◽  
Edit Hajdú ◽  
Réka Viola ◽  
Gyöngyvér Soós
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Constant Quantity ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Introduction: Rational use of antibiotics is an important tool in combating antibiotic resistance. Aim: The aim of the authors was to evaluate the quality of ambulatory antibiotic use in Hungary. Method: Crude antibiotic sales data for the period between 1996 and 2010 were converted into DDD (Defined Daily Dose) per 1000 inhabitants and per year. The recently developed and validated drug-specific quality indicators were used to evaluate antibiotic use. Results: Beside constant quantity (18.0±1.8 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), the authors detected major changes in the composition of antibiotic use. Ratios of the consumption of broad to narrow spectrum beta-lactams and macrolides increased eight-fold (1996: 2.2 vs. 2010: 15.8) and consumption of fluoroquinolones tripled. Out of the ten surveyed drug-specific quality indicators, Hungary belonged to the European elite in case of three, while considering the remaining seven, Hungary ranked among the weak or weakest European countries. Conclusion: In quantity Hungary an ambulatory antibiotic use resembles to Scandinavian countries while it mimics antibiotic consumption patterns of southern countries. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 947–956.

scholarly journals Increase and Change in the Pattern of Antibiotic Use in Serbia (2010–2019)

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Ana Tomas ◽  
Nebojša Pavlović ◽  
Nebojša Stilinović ◽  
Olga Horvat ◽  
Milica Paut-Kusturica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The aim of this study was to determine and describe trends in antibiotics utilization in Serbia over a ten-year period. Data were retrieved from publicly available annual reports (2010–2019). The results were expressed as Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). All calculations were performed using the DDD values for the 2020 Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) version for each year of the study, to account for the DDD changes during the study period. Antibiotics were classified using the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Total utilization of antibacterials for systemic use increased from 17.25 DID in 2010 to 28.65 DID in 2019. A statistically significant increasing trend in the use of the Watch category antibiotics was observed. A tendency towards use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, apparent by a statistically significant increase in the rate of utilization of broad-spectrum macrolides, quinolones and third-generation cephalosporins vs. narrow-spectrum ones, as well as a significant increasing trend in the use of quinolones was identified. Total antibiotic utilization was found to be well above the European average. Several specific problem areas were identified, which requires further efforts to improve antibiotic prescribing. The present study provides the information needed to facilitate antibiotic stewardship in Serbia further and proposes specific interventions to optimize antibiotic use in Serbia.

scholarly journals Hazai kórházi antibiotikum-alkalmazás az elmúlt két évtizedben (1996–2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (46) ◽  
pp. 1839-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Benkő ◽  
Mária Matuz ◽  
Edit Hajdú ◽  
Andrea Bor ◽  
Péter Doró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
International Benchmarking ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Parenteral Products

Introduction: Growing bacterial resistance threatens public health, which can be tempered by prudent antibiotic use. Aim: To quantify systemic antibacterial use in Hungarian hospitals. Method: Consumption data were analysed using the Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical – Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology. Data were standardized for patient turnover and also for population to enable international benchmarking. Results: Hospital antibiotic use was quite constant (22.4 ± 1.5 DDD/100 patient-days), but its composition changed substantially. The use of parenteral products rose gradually (in 1996 26.4% and in 2015 41.6%). The pattern of use was homogenised due to the headway of co-amoxiclav use. A substantial increase of fluoroquinolone (2.3 vs. 4.2 DDD/100 patient-days) and third generation cephalosporin (1.0 vs. 2.9 DDD/100 patient-days) use was detected. In parallel the use of narrow spectra penicillins diminished. Conclusion: Hungarian hospital antibiotic use is low. The causes and the justification of this low use together with the internationally outstanding use of certain antibacterials should be addressed in future studies. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(46), 1839–1846.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Consumption of Non-Oncological Medicines: A Methodological Study on Patients of the Ada Cohort

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Giulio Barigelletti ◽  
Giovanna Tagliabue ◽  
Sabrina Fabiano ◽  
Annalisa Trama ◽  
Alice Bernasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Medicines Use ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Secondary Diseases

Cancer patients are identified as fragile patients who are often immunodepressed and subject to secondary diseases. The Ada cohort comprises cancer survivors aged 15–39 years at diagnosis included in 34 Italian cancer registries. This study aimed to analyze the possible excess of non-cancer medicines use on the basis of the medicine database of the Ada cohort. Records of medicines present in the pharmaceutical flows collected by eight Lombardy cancer registries and used by patients with any type of cancer were extracted for the year 2012. Medicine consumption data were processed to assign a defined daily dose value and to evaluate the consumption of medicines belonging to different groups of the ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) classification. The values were compared with values in the Lombardy population. Medicine consumption related to 8150 patients was analyzed, for a total of 632,675 records. ATC groups A and C for females and group N for both sexes showed significant increases. Group J for males and group M for females showed intermediate increases, and group H for both sexes showed smaller increases. This method allowed the identification of excess medicine use to reduce cancer therapy side effects and primary disease sequelae in this group of patients.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC USE IN SLOVENIAN HOSPITALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Tatjana Pokrajac ◽  
Milan Čižman ◽  
Bojana Beovič
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Weighted Linear Regression ◽  
Case Mix Index ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Bed Days

Abstract: Motivation/Background: Antibiotics are commonly overused and misused what increase the emergence of resistant organisms, side- effects and costs. To assess the appropriate use of antibiotics many methods are available. The aim of the present study is to find correlation between antibiotic use and case mix index (CMI) in Slovenian hospitals. Method: In retrospective study (in the years between 2004 and 2013) we correlated the total consumption of antibiotics for systemic use and CMI. Weighted linear regression test analysis was performed to determine correlation between defined daily dose (DDD) / 100 admissions and DDD / 100 bed-days and CMI. Results: The total antibiotic consumption in all included hospitals was in mean 317.69 DDD / 100 admissions and 58.88 DDD / 100 bed days, respectively. CMI range were from 1.25 to 3.55. A significant correlation between consumption expressed in DDD / 100 admissions and CMI (p = 0.028) and DDD / 100 bed days and CMI (p =0.008) was found. Conclusions: Thus, detailed analysis of correlations between DDD of antibiotics and CMI may constitutes a proper use of antibiotics.

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