scholarly journals Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Event-Related Brain Potentials Show Similar Mechansims of Frontal Inhibition but Dissimilar Target Evaluation Processes

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönke Johannes ◽  
Bernardina M. Wieringa ◽  
Wido Nager ◽  
Dominik Rada ◽  
Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Modified Stroop ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Objectives:Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD) share many clinical similarities and show a strong comorbidity. Current theories view a frontal-striatal dysfunction as the underlying cause of many clinical aspects of both disorders.This study sought to investigate mechanisms of conceptual integration and attention in both disorders. We hypothesized that the processing of stimuli with interfering aspects would be altered in a similar way while attentional mechanisms could differ.Methods:Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a modified STROOP-paradigm in groups of TS and OCD patients and in a control group. The paradigm involved the presentation of color words in a range of different colors. The subjects had to respond to words of matching word content and color and to ignore mismatching stimuli.Results:Incongruent stimuli elicited a frontal negative component (“N450”) which was enhanced in amplitude and prolonged in latency in both patient groups. Matching stimuli evoked enhanced N2 and P3b components representing target evaluation mechanisms. The OCD group alone displayed a larger P3b amplitude in comparison to both other groups.Conclusions:The data are interpreted to indicate that frontal inhibitory mechanisms are altered alike in TS and OCD. In contrast, only the OCD group showed evidence for aberrant target evaluation.

scholarly journals Elevated Expression of SLC6A4 Encoding the Serotonin Transporter (SERT) in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Mathis Hildonen ◽  
Amanda M. Levy ◽  
Christina Dahl ◽  
Victoria A. Bjerregaard ◽  
Lisbeth Birk Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Most of the GTS individuals have comorbid diagnoses, of which obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most common. Several neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, and amongst these, the dopaminergic and the serotonergic pathways are the most widely studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene (SLC6A4) was differentially expressed among GTS individuals compared to healthy controls, and whether DNA variants (the SERT-linked polymorphic region 5-HTTLPR, together with the associated rs25531 and rs25532 variants, and the rare Ile425Val variant) or promoter methylation of SLC6A4 were associated with gene expression levels or with the presence of OCD as comorbidity. We observed that SLC6A4 expression is upregulated in GTS individuals compared to controls. Although no specific genotype, allele or haplotype was overrepresented in GTS individuals compared to controls, we observed that the LAC/LAC genotype of the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531/rs25532 three-locus haplotype was associated with higher SLC6A4 mRNA expression levels in GTS individuals, but not in the control group.

scholarly journals Disturbed Monitoring and Response Inhibition in patients with Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Co-Morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Verena Müller ◽  
Sönke Johannes ◽  
Berdieke Wieringa ◽  
Axel Weber ◽  
Kirsten Müller-Vahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objective:Fronto-striatal dysfunction has been discussed as underlying symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS) with co-morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This suggests possible impairments of executive functions in this disorder, which were therefore targeted in the present study.Results:A comprehensive series of neuropsychological tests examining attention, memory and executive functions was performed in a group of 14 TS/OCD in co-occurrence with OCD patients and a matched control group.Results:While attentional and memory mechanisms were not altered, TS/OCS patients showed deficits in executive functions predominately in the areas of response inhibition and action monitoring.Conclusions:These findings provide further evidence for a substantial impairment of the frontal-striatal-thalamic-frontal circuit. We propose that the deficits in monitoring, error detection and response inhibition constitute the major impairment of TS/OCD patients in the cognitive domain.

Self-esteem in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
R.U. Rahman ◽  
N. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Background:Despite important relation between obsessive compulsive disorder and self esteem there is death of local data.Method:The present study was carried out in Jan-March 2008 on 64 patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder and 30 attendants (control group) attending psychiatric outpatient clinic at civil hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. on inclusion in study, individuals having obsessive compulsive disorder aged 18-70 years were asked to complete two questionnaires to measure self-esteem that measure different aspect of self esteem. a) the Urdu version of Rosenberg self-esteem scale and b) the Janis and Field Social Adequacy scale. Statistical analyses of the scores of the two self-esteem scales were performed.Results:The results of the present study demonstrate that patient with obsessive compulsive disorder suffer significant degree of lowered self-esteem Mean 51.4(SD 12.0)] than control group [Mean 94.1(SD 11.8)] on Janis and field scale. That means that patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder have low social adequacy as compare to normal people this was more in female who score low (mean 49.48) than man (mean 53.9). Similar results of statistically significant (p< .000) difference in of control (Mean19.33) & OCD patient (Mean 34.08) was revealed by Rosenberg self esteem scale. in this study both scales of self esteem assessment have high correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.55).Conclusion:The results of this study support the result of other study that there is a vicious cycle between low self-esteem and obsessive compulsive disorders. Low self-esteem makes individuals susceptible to develop obsessive compulsive disorder.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Childhood Chronic Functional Constipation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Ataee ◽  
Hadi Badiee ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Borhan Moradveisi ◽  
Daem Roshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Chronic constipation is one of the most common problems in children. It can cause anxiety and psychological problems in patients and parents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in children with chronic functional constipation. This is a case-control study performed at the gastroenterology clinic of Besat Hospital Sanandaj for one year. The children aged 7-14-year-old with chronic functional constipation were selected as a case group, and the healthy children were recruited as a control group, who referred for growth control. Then, the Maudsley questionnaire for obsessive-compulsive disorders was completed by a trained assistant. With this questionnaire, the presence or absence of OCD and its type can be determined. Forty-three children were selected as the case group and sixty-seven children as the control group. The mean age of the case and control group was 9.3±1.5 and 8.8±1.6 years, respectively. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of checking, cleaning, slowness, doubting, and total obsessive score (P˂0.05). Therefore, all five types of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the case group were greater than the control group. Obsessive-compulsive disorders were more common in children with functional constipation, and the total obsessive score in these children than the healthy children was a significant difference.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

scholarly journals Childhood neuropsychological deficits associated with adult obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Grisham ◽  
Tracy M. Anderson ◽  
Richie Poulton ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Visuomotor Skills

BackgroundExisting neuropsychological studies of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are cross-sectional and do not provide evidence of whether deficits are trait-related (antecedent and independent of symptomatology) or state-related (a consequence, dependent on symptomatology).AimsTo investigate whether there are premorbid neuropsychological deficits associated with adult OCD.MethodLongitudinal data were collected from participants of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental study. Neuropsychological data collected at age 13 were linked with age 32 diagnosis of OCD.ResultsThe group who had OCD at age 32 differed significantly from the control group with no OCD on their performance at age 13 on neuropsychological tests of visuospatial, visuoconstructive and visuomotor skills, controlling for gender and socioeconomic status, but did not differ on tests of general IQ or verbal ability. Performance of the group with OCD on tests of executive functioning was mixed.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD have premorbid impairment in visuospatial abilities and some forms of executive functioning, consistent with biological models of OCD.

Association of the CHRNA7 promoter variant −86T with Tourette syndrome and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Bertelsen ◽  
Linea Melchior ◽  
Camilla Groth ◽  
Nanette Mol Debes ◽  
Liselotte Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A genetic risk factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome?

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Klaffke ◽  
Inke R. König ◽  
Fritz Poustka ◽  
Andreas Ziegler ◽  
Johannes Hebebrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Genetic Risk Factor ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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