scholarly journals The Buccale Puzzle: The Symbiotic Nature of Endogenous Infections of the Oral Cavity

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ruby ◽  
Jean Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Caries Progression ◽  
Indigenous Microflora

The indigenous, 'normal' microflora cause the majority of localized infectious diseases of the oral cavity (eg, dental caries, alveolar abscesses, periodontal diseases and candidiasis). The same microflora also protect the host from exogenous pathogens by stimulating a vigorous immune response and providing colonization resistance. How can a microflora that support health also cause endogenous oral disease? This paradoxical host-symbiont relationship will be discussed within the dynamic of symbiosis.Symbiosis means 'life together' - it is capable of continuous change as determined by selective pressures of the oral milieu. Mutualistic symbiosis, where both the host and the indigenous microflora benefit from the association, may shift to a parasitic symbiosis, where the host is damaged and the indigenous microflora benefit. Importantly, these are reversible relationships. This microbial dynamism, called amphibiosis, is the essential adaptive process that determines the causation of endogenous oral disease by a parasitic microflora or the maintenance of oral health by a mutualistic microflora.Complex microbial consortiums, existing as a biofilm, usually provide the interfaces that initiate and perpetuate the infectious assault on host tissue. The ecology of the various oral microhabitats is critical for the development of the appropriate selecting milieux for pathogens. The microbiota associated with dental caries progression are primarily influenced by the prevailing pH, whereas periodontal diseases and pulpal infection appear to be more dependent on redox potential. Candidiasis results from host factors that favour yeast overgrowth or bacterial suppression caused by antibiotics. Oral health or disease is an adventitious event that results from microbial adaptation to prevailing conditions; prevention of endogenous oral disease can occur only when we realize that ecology is the heart of these host-symbiont relationships.

Oral Health and Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole. A. Palmer ◽  
Zhangmuge Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases among Secondary School Students in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreen Hamarash Hamonari ◽  
Samim Ahmed AL Dabbagh ◽  
Anees Mahmood Mudhir
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: A healthy oral cavity is a vital state for a healthy living, which can be influenced by oral cavity diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Dental caries and periodontal disorders are the major oral health problems and indicators of the oral health burden worldwide. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among secondary school students and their association with socio-demographic factors in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 809 high school students (395 females and 414 males) aged 14-20 years from eight secondary schools using multistage random sampling in four quarters of Duhok city from December 2018 to May 2019. The dental caries status was assessed by the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index and periodontal status was assessed by using the Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI). Results: The prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher (p=0.002) among males (93.5%) in comparison to females (86.8%). Also, the DMFT ≥5 among males (62.6%) was significantly higher than that (40.8%) among females (p<0.001). No significant association was detected between DMFT ≥5 and the socio-economic status (p=0.090). Likewise, the prevalence of moderate to severe gingivitis was significantly higher among males (63.5%) than females (55.2%) (p=0.016). However, the prevalence of moderate to severe gingivitis was higher among those living in low socio-economic quarters (63%) compared with those living in high socio-economic quarters (56.2%) of Duhok city (p=0.049). Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence of a high prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases among secondary school students aged 14-20 years in Duhok city. Mean caries and gingival indices were significantly higher in males in comparison to females.

scholarly journals Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis): Chemistry and Oral Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohaib Khurshid ◽  
Muhammad S. Zafar ◽  
Sana Zohaib ◽  
Shariq Najeeb ◽  
Mustafa Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oral Conditions

Green tea is a widely consumed beverage worldwide. Numerous studies have suggested about the beneficial effects of green tea on oral conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and halitosis. However, to date there have not been many review articles published that focus on beneficial effects of green tea on oral disease. The aim of this publication is to summarize the research conducted on the effects of green tea on oral cavity. Green tea might help reduce the bacterial activity in the oral cavity that in turn, can reduce the aforementioned oral afflictions. Furthermore, the antioxidant effect of the tea may reduce the chances of oral cancer. However, more clinical data is required to ascertain the possible benefits of green tea consumption on oral health.

Probiotics – Their Role in Prevention of Dental Caries

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagat Bhushan ◽  
Sanjay Chachra
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Recent Developments

ABSTRACT Probiotics have been used to improve gastrointestinal health for quite some time and their popularity has prompted increased interest for their role in promotion of oral health. There also has been a change in understanding of the oral disease process because of better understanding of ecology and microbiology of oral cavity. Very encouraging studies have come up in recent past exploring probiotics in fields of caries, periodontal diseases and few other areas and the results tend to suggest beneficial effects of probiotics on oral health and on whole body in general . Given these recent developments, it was considered timely to review the background and conceptual framework of the use of these agents in reducing dental caries. The evidence for the use of pro or prebiotics for the prevention of caries is reviewed.

scholarly journals Periodontal Diseases: Major Exacerbators of Pulmonary Diseases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bakey Kouanda ◽  
Zeeshan Sattar ◽  
Patrick Geraghty
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Dental Intervention

Periodontal diseases are a range of polymicrobial infectious disorders, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, which affect tooth-supporting tissues and are linked to playing a role in the exacerbation of several pulmonary diseases. Pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, tuberculosis, COVID-19, and bronchiectasis, significantly contribute to poor quality of life and mortality. The association between periodontal disease and pulmonary outcomes is an important topic and requires further attention. Numerous resident microorganisms coexist in the oral cavity and lungs. However, changes in the normal microflora due to oral disease, old age, lifestyle habits, or dental intervention may contribute to altered aspiration of oral periodontopathic bacteria into the lungs and changing inflammatory responses. Equally, periodontal diseases are associated with the longitudinal decline in spirometry lung volume. Several studies suggest a possible beneficial effect of periodontal therapy in improving lung function with a decreased frequency of exacerbations and reduced risk of adverse respiratory events and morbidity. Here, we review the current literature outlining the link between the oral cavity and pulmonary outcomes and focus on the microflora of the oral cavity, environmental and genetic factors, and preexisting conditions that can impact oral and pulmonary outcomes.

scholarly journals Oral health problems in high-performance athletes at 2019 Pan American Games in Lima: a descriptive study

BDJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Opazo-García ◽  
Jeel Moya-Salazar ◽  
Karina Chicoma-Flores ◽  
Hans Contreras-Pulache
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pan American

Abstract Introduction Dental care is provided for high-performance athletes at national and international sports events. Elite athletes may seek care for sports-related injuries and pre-existing oral diseases. Previous studies indicate an association between oral health problems and negative performance impacts in elite athletes. Objectives To determine the prevalence of the most common oral pathologies in high-performance athletes during the emergency dental care performed at the Lima 2019 Pan American Games (JPL-19). Methodology All reports of athletes (≥18 years old, of both sexes, from 41 countries) who received emergency dental care at Pan American Villas during the JPL-19 were included. Injuries and types of oral diseases were classified according to the Injury and Disease Surveillance System proposed by the International Olympic Committee. Results Of the 6680 participating athletes, 76 (1.14%) presented as dental emergencies, 90.8% (69/76) of the athletes seen presented pre-existing oral pathological conditions, the most frequent were periodontal diseases (34%, 26/76) and dental caries (29%, 22/76). Among the sports with the most cases, there were 22 (29%) in athletics, 6 (8%) in soccer, and 6 (8%) in taekwondo. The most frequent dental emergencies came from Peru, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Grenada, and Venezuela. Conclusions Pre-existing oral diseases were more frequent than sports-related accidents. The most prevalent diseases were periodontal disease and dental caries disease. It is necessary to implement new care strategies for athletes, based on prevention, before and during sports competitions.

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Oral Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Nanavati ◽  
T. Prasanth ◽  
Manab Kosala ◽  
Sujit K. Bhandari ◽  
Pamil Banotra
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Reducing Bacteria

AbstractProbiotics are the living microorganisms that have been commonly used in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. In recent times, probiotic and prebiotics have been used to assess and develop a natural balance of the microbial flora in the respiratory tract and the oral cavity as an adjunct therapy. They are known to augment the existing microbial flora that is beneficial to the host. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that help in increasing populations of probiotic bacteria. Recent studies have shown that probiotics help in active reduction in gingivitis, dental caries, periodontitis, and halitosis by replacing the harmful oral species, by means of utilizing abundant health-associated oral microbial species. Additionally, the nitrate-reducing bacteria have shown promising effect in improving efficiency of probiotic strains to accentuate oral health benefits. Probiotics along with prebiotics effectively alter the host–microbial interface by achieving homeostasis in multifactorial diseases such as periodontal diseases and oral malodor. The aim of the review is to collate the existing information available on use of probiotics and prebiotics in oral cavity.

Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158-1163
Author(s):  
S. A. Hamza ◽  
S. Asif ◽  
S. A. H. Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker

Aim: Smoking induces changes in salivary inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study status and explored association among salivary Interleukin-1β, oral diseases and smoking. Methods: Data of male smokers of a private institute recruited for a randomized clinical trial is analyzed for this paper. Demographic and systemic information were collected. Oral disease status was examined and saliva sample collected for IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and other study variables were analyzed with respect to smoking status categorized into smoking years and cigarettes per day. The student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22) with significance level of p≤0.050. Results: Analysis of baseline data of seventy-eight smokers showed elevated levels of IL-1β with increasing smoking, higher BMI. Smoking was higher among aged, married and low-income individuals. Pearson partial correlation analysis, after controlling age, marital status, education, income, and BMI, demonstrated a positive significant relationship of smoking per day with smoking years; dental caries with missing teeth and calculus; gingivitis with missing teeth and calculus; periodontitis with dental caries, calculus and gingivitis. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that levels of IL-1β were raised in smokers, however; there was no association with oral disease parameters. Large studies may be conducted to observe status and association of smoking, oral disease and salivary biomarkers. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Health, IL-1β, Males

scholarly journals Color/race inequalities in oral health among Brazilian adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Bastos ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Antonio Carlos Frias ◽  
Maria da Luz Rosário de Souza ◽  
Karen Glazer Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes

This study assessed oral health outcomes (perceived dental treatment need, untreated dental caries, gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, and pain in teeth and gums), in relation to color/race inequalities among adolescents in each Brazilian region. The database included dental examination and interview of 16,833 15-19-year-old adolescents, surveyed by the Brazilian health authority, from May 2002 to October 2003, in accordance with international diagnostic criteria standardized by the World Health Organization. Prevalence ratios estimated by Poisson regression, and controlled by socioeconomic status and access to fluoridated piped water, assessed oral health differentials among color/race groups and country's regions. Except for periodontal pockets, prevalence figures were higher in the North and Northeast: perceived dental treatment needs, untreated dental caries, gingival bleeding at probing and pain in teeth and gums varied between 80-83%, 75-76%, 38-43%, and 17-18%, respectively, in these regions. Adolescents living in the Southeast - the richest Brazilian region - presented a better general profile of oral health than their counterparts living in the remaining regions; they had a lower prevalence of untreated dental caries (54%) and unfavorable gingival status (29%). However, the Southeast presented color/race inequalities in all oral health outcomes, with a poorer profile systematically affecting browns or blacks, depending on the oral health condition under consideration. These results reinforce the need for expanding the amplitude of health initiatives aimed at adolescent oral health. Socially appropriate health programs should concurrently aim at the reduction of levels of oral disease and its inequalities.

scholarly journals Kondisi Rongga Mulut terhadap Kualitas Hidup Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas di Medan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-335
Author(s):  
Rika Mayasari Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Oral Health Impact Profile

Kehamilan merupakan suatu proses fisiologis yang menimbulkan perubahan pada tubuh wanita baik fisik maupun psikis. Selama kehamilan terjadi perubahan pada rongga mulut terkait dengan perubahan hormonal, perubahan pola makan, perubahan perilaku dan berbagai keluhan seperti ngidam, mual dan muntah. Ibu hamil menjadi sangat rentan terhadap penyakit gingival danpenyakit periodontal akibat dari kebiasaan mengabaikan kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Tingginya tingkat terjadinya penyakit mulut juga dapat berdampak pada kualitas hidup yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan rongga mulut pada ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persentase perdarahan gingiva dan kualitas hidup ibu hamil di beberapa Puskesmas di Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil yang datang ke Puskesmas, dengan sampel sebanyak 100 orang. Pengambilan data perdarahan gingiva dan kualitas hidup menggunakan instrument Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) dilakukan dengan wawancara dan dicatat dalam kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 74% sampel mengalami perdarahan gingiva. Pada pengukuran kualitas hidup diperoleh 12% pada dimensi keterbatasan fungsi mengalami kesulitan pengecapan, 16% pada dimensi rasa sakit fisik mengalami tidak nyaman mengunyah makanan, 2% pada dimensi ketidaknyamanan psikis mengalami rasa cemas, 16% pada dimensi ketidakmampuan fisik mengalami terhenti saat makan, 20% pada dimensi ketidakmampuan psikis mengalami rasa malu, 6% pada dimensi ketidakmampuan social mengalami mudah tersinggung dan hanya 1% pada dimensi hambatan mengalami tidak mampu beraktivitas. Dapat disimpulkan kondisi rongga mulut dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup ibu hamil selama masa kehamilan, terutama pada dimensi ketidakmampuan psikis, rasa sakit fisik dan ketidakmampuan fisik. Pregnancy is a biological process which causes the changes in a woman’s body physically and psychologically. During pregnancy, oral cavity change due to hormonal change, diet change, behavior change, and other demands such as craving, feeling sick, and vomiting. Pregnant women become more susceptible to gingival and periodontal diseases caused by a habit to ignore dental and oral hygiene. The high probability of oral diseases may happen and affect the life quality related to pregnant women oral cavity. This research aimed to find gingival hemorrhage percentage and the life quality of pregnant women at Community Health Center in Medan. This was a survey descriptive research. The population was 100 pregnant women who came to Community Health Center. The gingival hemorrhage data collection was conducted using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) instrument through interviews and questionnaires. The result indicated that 74% of samples experienced gingival hemorrhage. The life quality measurement resulted with 12% had trouble in tasting, 16% felt discomfort due the pain when chewing, 2% experienced anxiety, 16% had sudden stops while eating, 20% felt ashamed, 6% were easily offended, and only 1% experienced the inability to do any activity.

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