scholarly journals Increasing Evidence for Involvement of SV40 in Human Cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet S. Butel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Oncogenic Potential ◽  
Tumor Virus ◽  
Human Infections

SV40, a small DNA virus, is known to possess strong oncogenic potential. Millions of people were exposed to SV40 as an unknown contaminant of some early poliovaccines. This article briefly summarizes the increasing evidence of the association of SV40 with certain types of human cancer, including mesotheliomas and brain tumors. Unanswered questions pertaining to the pathogenesis of human infections by SV40 and the functional role of the virus in tumor development are noted. It is concluded that SV40 should be considered a candidate human tumor virus and that vigorous efforts to clarify the role of the virus in human disease should be supported.

scholarly journals The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Evita Athanasiou ◽  
Antonios N. Gargalionis ◽  
Fotini Boufidou ◽  
Athanassios Tsakris
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumor ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The role of certain viruses in malignant brain tumor development remains controversial. Experimental data demonstrate that human herpesviruses (HHVs), particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), are implicated in brain tumor pathology, although their direct role has not yet been proven. CMV is present in most gliomas and medulloblastomas and is known to facilitate oncomodulation and/or immunomodulation, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. EBV and HHV-6 have also been detected in brain tumors and high-grade gliomas, showing high rates of expression and an inflammatory potential. On the other hand, due to the neurotropic nature of HHVs, novel studies have highlighted the engagement of such viruses in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the context of oncolytic viral treatment and vaccine-based strategies against brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent scientific data concerning the emerging dual role of HHVs in malignant brain pathology, either as potential causative agents or as immunotherapeutic tools in the fight against these devastating diseases.

scholarly journals Functional role of SGK3 in PI3K/Pten driven liver tumor development

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cao ◽  
Zhong Xu ◽  
Jingxiao Wang ◽  
Antonio Cigliano ◽  
Maria G. Pilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tumor ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Tumor Development

The impact of EBV on the epigenetics of gastric carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Bing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Latent Membrane Protein 2A ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Tumor Virus ◽  
The Impact

EBV is an important human tumor virus and is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of tumors, involving 10% of gastric cancer. In EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), EBV expresses restrict viral genes including EBV nuclear antigen 1, EBV encoded small RNAs, Bam HI-A rightward transcripts, latent membrane protein 2A and miRNAs. The role of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis has received increasing attention and is considered to be another pathogenic factor in addition to Helicobacter pylori. A typical characteristic of EBVaGC is the extensive methylation of viral and host genome. Combined with other epigenetic mechanisms, EBV infection acts as an epigenetic driver of EBVaGC oncogenesis. In this review we discuss recent findings of EBV effect on host epigenetic alterations in EBVaGC and its role in oncogenic process.

scholarly journals Genetics of Colorectal Cancer: Role of p53

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Rajashri Champanery ◽  
Drashti Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Tp53 Mutation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Different Types

The tumor suppressor TP53 gene is one of the most frequently mutated in different types of human cancer. Particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), it is believed that TP53 mutations play a role in the adenoma-carcinoma transition of tumors during pathological process. The TP53 mutation is the key step driving the transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. The functional roles of TP53 mutation in tumor development have been comprehensively investigated. In this mini review, we comprehensively summarize the p53 mutants in CRC progression and discuss the current strategies for p53 mutants in malignancies. Keywords: p53 mutants, colorectal cancer, Tp53 mutation

scholarly journals Association Between the Rat Homologue of CO-029, a Metastasis-associated Tetraspanin Molecule and Consumption Coagulopathy

1998 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Claas ◽  
Simone Seiter ◽  
Andreas Claas ◽  
Larissa Savelyeva ◽  
Manfred Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Massive Bleeding ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy

Recently, we have described a panel of metastasis-associated antigens in the rat, i.e., of molecules expressed on metastasizing, but not on nonmetastasizing tumor lines. One of these molecules, recognized by the monoclonal antibody D6.1 and named accordingly D6.1A, was found to be abundantly expressed predominantly on mesenchyme-derived cells. The DNA of the antigen has been isolated and cloned. Surprisingly, the gene product proved to interfere strongly with coagulation. The 1.182-kb cDNA codes for a 235–amino acid long molecule with a 74.2% homology in the nucleotide and a 70% homology in the amino acid sequence to CO-029, a human tumor-associated molecule. According to the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids, D6.1A belongs to the tetraspanin superfamily. Western blotting of D6.1A-positive metastasizing tumor lines revealed that the D6.1A, like many tetraspanin molecules, is linked to further membrane molecules, one of which could be identified as α6β1 integrin. Transfection of a low-metastasizing tumor cell line with D6.1A cDNA resulted in increased metastatic potential and provided a clue as to the functional role of D6.1A. We noted massive bleeding around the metastases and, possibly as a consequence, local infarctions predominantly in the mesenteric region and all signs of a consumption coagulopathy. By application of the D6.1 antibody the coagulopathy was counterregulated, though not prevented. It has been known for many years that tumor growth and progression is frequently accompanied by thrombotic disorders. Our data suggest that the phenomenon could well be associated with the expression of tetraspanin molecules.

Animal models for brain tumors: historical perspectives and future directions

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Peterson ◽  
Peter J. Sheridan ◽  
Willis E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Complex Process

✓ The scientific understanding of the biology of human brain tumors has advanced in large part through the use of animal models. For most of this century, investigators have been evaluating the inciting factors in brain tumor development, and applying this knowledge to direct tumor growth in laboratory animals. Virus-induced, carcinogen-induced, and transplant-based models have been vigorously investigated. As knowledge of the molecular biology of neoplasia has advanced, transgenic technology has been introduced. The authors review the development of animal models for brain tumor, and focus on the role of transgenic models in elucidating the complex process of central nervous system neoplasia.

Role of iodide metabolism in physiology and cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. R225-R245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio De la Vieja ◽  
Pilar Santisteban
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Anoctamin 1 ◽  
Theranostic Agent ◽  
New Research

Iodide (I−) metabolism is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) in the thyroid and the subsequent action of these hormones in the organism. I−is principally transported by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and by the anion exchanger PENDRIN, and recent studies have demonstrated the direct participation of new transporters including anoctamin 1 (ANO1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and sodium multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Several of these transporters have been found expressed in various tissues, implicating them in I−recycling. New research supports the exciting idea that I−participates as a protective antioxidant and can be oxidized to hypoiodite, a potent oxidant involved in the host defense against microorganisms. This was possibly the original role of I−in biological systems, before the appearance of TH in evolution. I−per se participates in its own regulation, and new evidence indicates that it may be antineoplastic, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic in human cancer. Alterations in the expression of I−transporters are associated with tumor development in a cancer-type-dependent manner and, accordingly, NIS, CFTR and ANO1 have been proposed as tumor markers. Radioactive iodide has been the mainstay adjuvant treatment for thyroid cancer for the last seven decades by virtue of its active transport by NIS. The rapid advancement of techniques that detect radioisotopes, in particular I−, has made NIS a preferred target-specific theranostic agent.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of human cancer reveals a functional role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in tumor cell adhesion

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Tauber ◽  
Alexander Jais ◽  
Markus Jeitler ◽  
Sandra Haider ◽  
Julia Husa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Tumor Cell Adhesion

Functional Role of miR-34 Family in Human Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1185-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jia Ma ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Jun Xia ◽  
Lucio Miele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Human Cancer
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