scholarly journals Effect of Osmolarity and Presence of Serum on the Efficiency of Cell Transfection Using Immunoporation

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tzavelas ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
E. Horefti ◽  
D. Rickwood
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Cell Transfection ◽  
Transfection Medium ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type ◽  
Novel Method

Immunoporation is a novel method of cell transfection based upon the use of a new type of beads, Immunofect beads, that can be targeted to make holes in different types of cells depending on the type of bead used. It is known that the efficiency of transfection of cells by some techniques can be affected by the presence of serum and another important factor that appears to affect transfection efficiency and cell viability is the osmolarity of the transfection medium. This report presents studies on the effects of serum and varying osmolarity on the efficiency of transfection using immunoporation. The results clearly indicate that in hypertonic media the presence of serum decreases the efficiency of transfection. In the case of osmolarity, increasing the osmolarity of the immunoporation medium increases the efficiency of transfection but above about 650 mOsm this increasing efficiency is offset by the much lower viability of the cells.

scholarly journals A Novel Method Facilitating the Simple and Low-Cost Preparation of Human Osteochondral Slice Explants for Large-Scale Native Tissue Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6394
Author(s):  
Jacob Spinnen ◽  
Lennard K. Shopperly ◽  
Carsten Rendenbach ◽  
Anja A. Kühl ◽  
Ufuk Sentürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Novel Method

For in vitro modeling of human joints, osteochondral explants represent an acceptable compromise between conventional cell culture and animal models. However, the scarcity of native human joint tissue poses a challenge for experiments requiring high numbers of samples and makes the method rather unsuitable for toxicity analyses and dosing studies. To scale their application, we developed a novel method that allows the preparation of up to 100 explant cultures from a single human sample with a simple setup. Explants were cultured for 21 days, stimulated with TNF-α or TGF-β3, and analyzed for cell viability, gene expression and histological changes. Tissue cell viability remained stable at >90% for three weeks. Proteoglycan levels and gene expression of COL2A1, ACAN and COMP were maintained for 14 days before decreasing. TNF-α and TGF-β3 caused dose-dependent changes in cartilage marker gene expression as early as 7 days. Histologically, cultures under TNF-α stimulation showed a 32% reduction in proteoglycans, detachment of collagen fibers and cell swelling after 7 days. In conclusion, thin osteochondral slice cultures behaved analogously to conventional punch explants despite cell stress exerted during fabrication. In pharmacological testing, both the shorter diffusion distance and the lack of need for serum in the culture suggest a positive effect on sensitivity. The ease of fabrication and the scalability of the sample number make this manufacturing method a promising platform for large-scale preclinical testing in joint research.

Kropparnas poesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Anna-Klara Bojö
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type

The Bodies’ Poetry: Eva Runefelt, Eva Ström and Swedish Poetry in the Late 1970’s In the mid 1970’s a new type of poetry, associated with the body, emerged in Sweden. Especially young women writers appeared to take Swedish poetry in new aesthetic directions, exploring questions regarding experience and language. This article focuses on two prominent writers, Eva Runefelt and Eva Ström, and discusses how their different types of poetry can be said to be a bodies’ poetry, and how it was discussed in contemporary literary critique. It also reflects on why this strand of poetry has been granted such a peripheral place in literary history.

Motion estimation in vehicular environments based on Bayesian dynamic networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lauro Reyes-Cocoletzi ◽  
Ivan Olmos-Pineda ◽  
J. Arturo Olvera-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Prediction Rate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Multiple Obstacles ◽  
Real Traffic

The cornerstone to achieve the development of autonomous ground driving with the lowest possible risk of collision in real traffic environments is the movement estimation obstacle. Predicting trajectories of multiple obstacles in dynamic traffic scenarios is a major challenge, especially when different types of obstacles such as vehicles and pedestrians are involved. According to the issues mentioned, in this work a novel method based on Bayesian dynamic networks is proposed to infer the paths of interest objects (IO). Environmental information is obtained through stereo video, the direction vectors of multiple obstacles are computed and the trajectories with the highest probability of occurrence and the possibility of collision are highlighted. The proposed approach was evaluated using test environments considering different road layouts and multiple obstacles in real-world traffic scenarios. A comparison of the results obtained against the ground truth of the paths taken by each detected IO is performed. According to experimental results, the proposed method obtains a prediction rate of 75% for the change of direction taking into consideration the risk of collision. The importance of the proposal is that it does not obviate the risk of collision in contrast with related work.

Valproic Acid (VPA) in Combination with Knockdown of AKT3 and PI3KCA Genes Inhibits Proliferation, Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in T98G and U87MG Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-Samojedny M ◽  
◽  
Liduk E ◽  
Borkowska P ◽  
Kowalczyk M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
U87mg Cell ◽  
Glycoprotein P ◽  
Human Gbm

Purpose: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a heterogenous and highly vascularized brain tumor that avoid apoptosis due to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multi-drug resistance. Therefore, development of new therapeutic strategies that induce apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, and overcome multi-drug resistance is urgently warranted. We examined the efficacy of combination of Valproic Acid (VPA) and knockdown of AKT3 and PI3KCA genes in human glioblastoma T98G and U87MG cell lines. Material and Methods: T98G and U87MG cells were transfected with AKT3 or PI3KCA siRNAs. Transfection efficiency was assessed using Flow Cytometry (FC) and fluorescence microscopy. The influence of AKT3 and PI3KCA siRNAs in combination with VPA on T98G and U87MG cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy was evaluated as well. Alterations in the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes (CASP3 and Bid) were analyzed using QRT-PCR. Results: The transfection of T98G and U87MG cells with AKT3 or PI3KCA siRNAs and exposition on VPA led to a significant reduction in cell viability, the accumulation of subG1-phase cells and a reduced fraction of cells in the S and G2/M phases, apoptosis or necrosis induction and induction of autophagy. Conclusions: The siRNA-induced AKT3 and PI3KCA mRNA knockdown in combination with VPA may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to more effective control the growth of human GBM cells. Thus, knockdown of these genes in combination with valproic acid inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and autophagy in T98G and U87MG cells, but further studies are necessary to confirm a positive phenomenon for the treatment of GBM.

scholarly journals A Review on a Straight Bevel Gear Made from Composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidar F. AL-Qrimli ◽  
Karam S. Khalid ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdelrhman ◽  
Roaad K. Mohammed A ◽  
Husam M. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Bevel Gear ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Straight Bevel Gear ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Form ◽  
Material Composite

The purpose of this work is to present a clear fundamental thought for designing and investigating straight bevel gear made of composite material. Composite materials have the advantage of being light, producing low noises, and extra loading capacities. Due to these properties, it is highly preferable over conventional materials. A comparison between different types of material used in a gear structure will be shown. The outcome shows that a new form of cheap material may be useful for designing a new type of lighter and stiffer gear, designed for robotic arm applications or any power transmission application.

scholarly journals Reasoning about Cardinal Directions between 3-Dimensional Extended Objects using Answer Set Programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-957
Author(s):  
Yusuf Izmirlioglu ◽  
Esra Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Nonmonotonic Reasoning ◽  
Answer Set Programming ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type ◽  
Cardinal Directions ◽  
Answer Set

AbstractWe propose a novel formal framework (called 3D-NCDC-ASP) to represent and reason about cardinal directions between extended objects in 3-dimensional (3D) space, using Answer Set Programming (ASP). 3D-NCDC-ASP extends Cardinal Directional Calculus (CDC) with a new type of default constraints, and NCDC-ASP to 3D. 3D-NCDC-ASP provides a flexible platform offering different types of reasoning: Nonmonotonic reasoning with defaults, checking consistency of a set of constraints on 3D cardinal directions between objects, explaining inconsistencies, and inferring missing CDC relations. We prove the soundness of 3D-NCDC-ASP, and illustrate its usefulness with applications.

scholarly journals The effects of electroporation buffer composition on cell viability and electro-transfection efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Sherba ◽  
Stephen Hogquist ◽  
Hao Lin ◽  
Jerry W. Shan ◽  
David I. Shreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Buffer Composition

scholarly journals Some new integral inequalities for Lipschitzian functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
İmdat İşcan ◽  
Mahir Kadakal ◽  
Alper Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Lipschitz Class ◽  
Integral Inequalities ◽  
Lipschitzian Functions ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type

This paper is about obtaining some new type of integral inequalities for functions from the Lipschitz class. For this, some new integral inequalities related to the differences between the two different types of integral averages for Lipschitzian functions are obtained. Moreover, applications for some special means as arithmetic, geometric, logarithmic, -logarithmic, harmonic, identric are given.

Experiment Study on Novel Precision Cropping Machinery Using Rotary Striking Action

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Feng Zhao ◽  
Sheng Dun Zhao ◽  
Bin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
New Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Process Method

This paper illuminates a new type of precision cropping process method with rotary striking action. The new process makes use of a controllable circumferential strike on a metal bar with a V-shaped notch. The working principle of the machine is described. Different types of metal bars have been tested, and both bad results and successful results were stated in the paper. The most ideal control mode has been obtained. The experimental results show that the new cropping process can crop bars with different materials and diameters. In some cases, it can be directly used in the subsequent industrial production.

Exploration of photothermal sensors based on photothermally responsive materials: a brief review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suying Xu ◽  
Xilin Bai ◽  
Leyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Sensor Platform ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type

Photothermal sensors have emerged as a new type of sensor platform in recent decades and this brief review has summarized different types of photothermally responsive materials and their applications in various fields.

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