scholarly journals Intestinal Inflammation and the Gut Microflora

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M McKay
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The idea that the enteric microflora play a role in the pathogenesis or pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not new. Indeed, identification of an infective cause for chronic IBD, and particularly for Crohn’s disease, has been the focus of extensive research efforts. During the 1990s, there has been a noticeable re-emergence of interest in the link between bacteria and functional bowel disorders, and the value of antibiotic therapy to treat gut inflammatory disorders. A variety of experimental evidence from both laboratory model systems and clinical investigations is reviewed with respect to a pivotal role for enteric bacteria in gut inflammation. The voluminous scientific literature on this subject precludes any comprehensive synopsis of the area; instead, pertinent studies are cited to illustrate the ability of bacteria and their products to evoke or exacerbate gut inflammation.

Non-coding RNAs in Necrotizing Enterocolitis- a New Frontier?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree Nair ◽  
Akhil Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

: With the recognition that only 2% of the human genome encodes for a protein, a large part of the “non-coding” portion is now being evaluated for a regulatory role in cellular processes. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are subdivided based on the size of the nucleotide transcript into microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), but most of our attention has been focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human health and disease. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), inflammatory bowel necrosis affecting preterm infants, has a multifactorial, unclear etiopathogenesis, and we have no specific biomarkers for diagnosis or the impact of directed therapies. The information on ncRNAs in NEC, in general, and particularly in NEC, is limited. Increasing information from other inflammatory bowel disorders suggests that these transcripts may play an important role in intestinal inflammation. Here, we review ncRNAs for definitions, classifications, and possible roles in prematurity and NEC using some preliminary information from our studies and from an extensive literature search in multiple databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct. miRNAs will be described in another manuscript in this series, hence in this manuscript we mainly focus on lncRNAs.

scholarly journals Microbial Sensing by the Intestinal Epithelium in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scharl ◽  
Gerhard Rogler
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Recent years have raised evidence that the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowels diseases. This evidence comes from several observations. First, animals raised under germ-free conditions do not develop intestinal inflammation in several different model systems. Second, antibiotics are able to modulate the course of experimental colitis. Third, genetic polymorphisms in a variety of genes of the innate immune system have been associated with chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. Dysfunction of these molecules results in an inappropriate response to bacterial and antigenic stimulation of the innate immune system in the gastrointestinal tract. Variants of pattern recognition receptors such as NOD2 or TLRs by which commensal and pathogenic bacteria can be detected have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. But not only pathways of microbial detection but also intracellular ways of bacterial processing such as autophagosome function are associated with the risk to develop Crohn's disease. Thus, the “environment concept” and the “genetic concept” of inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology are converging via the intestinal microbiota and the recognition mechanisms for an invasion of members of the microbiota into the mucosa.

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