scholarly journals Optimizing Energy During Systems Synthesis of Computer Intensive Realtime Applications

VLSI Design ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-320
Author(s):  
Catherine H. Gebotys
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Bin Packing ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Audio Compression ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Vlsi Chip ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Simultaneous Scheduling ◽  
Embedded Applications

Optimizing energy during the synthesis of VLSI systems for realtime-constrained embedded applications is an important new problem. This paper presents a new methodology for simultaneous scheduling and allocation of VLSI systems which minimize estimated energy for large realtime compute intensive applications. Minimization of estimated energy and VLSI chip area using hierarchical decomposition, bin packing algorithms and integer linear programming techniques along with voltage scaling is performed. Common subexpression elimination, precomputation, data regeneration, and loop merging transformations are supported. A large complex real industrial application, audio compression, donated by Motorola, is used to study the energy savings using different single and multichip system implementations. Results of synthesizing this complex application show that up to 10 times improvement in estimated energy are attainable for only 2.7 times increase in estimated chip area. Precomputation and other low energy transformations provided on average over 1.6 times savings in energy respectively. This research is important for industry since energy dissipation consideration at the early stages of design is crucial for mapping high performance applications into cost-efficient and reliable systems.

scholarly journals High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Buprenorphine Evaluation in Plasma—Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Marta Tikhomirov ◽  
Błażej Poźniak ◽  
Tomasz Śniegocki
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Cost Efficient

The precise and reliable determination of buprenorphine concentration is fundamental in certain medical or research applications, particularly in pharmacokinetic studies of this opioid. The main challenge is, however, the development of an analytical method that is sensitive enough, as the detected in vivo concentrations often fall in very low ranges. Thus, in this study we aimed at developing a sensitive, repeatable, cost-efficient, and easy HPLC analytical protocol for buprenorphine in rabbit plasma. In order to obtain this, the HPLC-MS2 system was used to elaborate and validate the method for samples purified with liquid-liquid extraction. Fragment ions 468.6→396.2 and 468.6→414.2 were monitored, and the method resulted in a high repeatability and reproducibility and a limit of quantification of 0.25 µg/L with a recovery of 98.7–109.0%. The method was linear in a range of 0.25–2000 µg/L. The suitability of the analytical procedure was tested in rabbits in a pilot pharmacokinetic study, and it was revealed that the method was suitable for comprehensively describing the pharmacokinetic profile after buprenorphine intravenous administration at a dose of 300 µg/kg. Thus, the method suitability for pharmacokinetic application was confirmed by both the good validation results of the method and successful in vivo tests in rabbits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

scholarly journals A Novel and Integrated Architecture for Securing Communication in IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 924-929
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Integrated Architecture ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Lightweight Encryption

Although the IoT opens the door to endless possibilities, but it is also associated with many risks because all devices connected to the internet involve the use of data points. Therefore, it is essential to ensure IoT security and privacy. A review of existing research works highlights the usage of traditional security scheme based on cryptography for data transmission among IoT nodes and gateways. The proposed system proposes an integrated model that combines lightweight encryption technique with robust and cost-efficient authentication mechanism. The proposed system introduces digital signature-based authentication and complexity minimization in order to resist the involvement of any kind of unknown attacks. The simulation outcome of this model exhibits reliable security, faster response times and energy savings for IoT nodes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, Colorado, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR™ appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium (BSC) conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 75 cfm (35 l/s), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark [1]. The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

scholarly journals Energy savings estimates and cost benefit calculations for high performance relocatable classrooms

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo I. Rainer ◽  
Marc A. Hoeschele ◽  
Michael G. Apte ◽  
Derek G. Shendell ◽  
Wlliam J. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit

scholarly journals Location of Processor Allocator and Job Scheduler and Its Impact on CMP Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Zydek ◽  
Grzegorz Chmaj ◽  
Alaa Shawky ◽  
Henry Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chip Multiprocessors ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Processor Allocation ◽  
Processing Elements ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Job Scheduler ◽  
Performance Computing

Location of Processor Allocator and Job Scheduler and Its Impact on CMP PerformanceHigh Performance Computing (HPC) architectures are being developed continually with an aim of achieving exascale capability by 2020. Processors that are being developed and used as nodes in HPC systems are Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) with a number of cores. In this paper, we continue our effort towards a better processor allocation process. The Processor Allocator (PA) and Job Scheduler (JS) proposed and implemented in our previous works are explored in the context of its best location on the chip. We propose a system, where all locations on a chip can be analyzed, considering energy used by Network-on-Chip (NoC), PA and JS, and processing elements. We present energy models for the researched CMP components, mathematical model of the system, and experimentation system. Based on experimental results, proper placement of PA and JS on a chip can provide up to 45% NoC energy savings.

New Generation of Brake Callipers to Improve Competitiveness and Energy Savings in Very High Performance Cars

2014 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Ivano Gattelli ◽  
Gian Luigi Chiarmetta ◽  
Marcello Boschini ◽  
Renzo Moschini ◽  
Mario Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
A357 Alloy ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Very High

This paper concerns with the optimisation of the innovative rheocasting process to produce a new generation of brake callipers, characterised by very high reliability and strength. The attained very promising properties favoured their use on a very high performance car and the presented technique can be further extended for other important challenging applications. The prototype components are produced using T6 heat treated A357 alloy. Results on the samples machined directly from the produced callipers are in detail described and analysed. Pieces exhibiting some small defects, individuated by non-destructive tests, as well as defectless pieces have been underlined to severe industrial tests, e.g. high pressure tight, as well as severe bench tests, and it has been observed that the proposed technological process assure the fulfilment of the requirements contained in standards.

Solving 3D Time-Fractional Diffusion Equations by High-Performance Parallel Computing

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xing Cai
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Fractional Diffusion ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Fractional Diffusion Equations ◽  
Loop Unrolling ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
Three Space

AbstractNumerically solving time-fractional diffusion equations, especially in three space dimensions, is a daunting computational task. This is due to the huge requirements of both computation time and memory storage. Compared with solving integer-ordered diffusion equations, the costs for time and storage both increase by a factor that equals the number of time steps involved. Aiming to overcome these two obstacles, we study in this paper three programming techniques: loop unrolling, vectorization and parallelization. For a representative numerical scheme that adopts finite differencing and explicit time integration, the performance-enhancing techniques are indeed shown to dramatically reduce the computation time, while allowing the use of many CPU cores and thereby a large amount of memory storage. Moreover, we have developed simple-to-use performance models that support our empirical findings, which are based on using up to 8192 CPU cores and 12.2 terabytes.

Reliability evaluation of wearable radio frequency identification tags: Design and fabrication of a two-part textile antenna

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Chen ◽  
Leena Ukkonen ◽  
Johanna Virkki
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Moist Environment ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Identification Tags ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The One

Passive radio frequency identification-based technology is a convincing approach to the achievement of versatile energy- and cost-efficient wireless platforms for future wearable applications. By using two-part antenna structures, the antenna-electronics interconnections can remain non-stressed, which can significantly improve the reliability of the textile-embedded wireless components. In this article, we describe fabrication of two-part stretchable and non-stretchable passive ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification textile tags using electro-textile and embroidered antennas, and test their reliability when immersed as well as under cyclic strain. The results are compared to tags with traditional one-part dipole antennas fabricated from electro-textiles and by embroidery. Based on the results achieved, the initial read ranges of the two-part antenna tags, around 5 m, were only slightly shorter than those of the one-part antenna tags. In addition, the tag with two-part antennas can maintain high performance in a moist environment and during continuous stretching, unlike the one-part antenna tag where the antenna-integrated circuit attachment is under stress.

The Analysis of Modifications in Cooling Systems for High-Performance Data Centers. A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Rusowicz ◽  
Adam Ruciński ◽  
Rafał Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Refrigeration Equipment ◽  
Payback Time

One of main issues concerning server room operation is appropriate cooling of electronic modules to prevent excessive heat generation resulting in their damage. Since high cooling powers are required, precision air conditioning systems are used that are specially designed for cooling server and equipment rooms, server cabinets, etc. These devices require very large energy supplies. The paper proposes an upgrade of a cooling system for three server rooms in which refrigeration equipment with a cooling power of 1.873 MW is installed. The average actual cooling power demand is 890 kW, and some units work as a standby. Thir-eight direct-evaporation air-conditioning cabinets are installed. The refrigerant is R407C. The devices have been operated for 14 years; therefore, the refrigeration equipment should be replaced with modern units. The paper compares three approaches: replacing the units with similar ones based on newer technology, introducing contained aisle configurations of rack cabinets and units based on newer technology with additional EconoPhase modules. The application of free cooling was not analyzed since mounting additional heat exchangers was impossible (due to the lack of space and limited roof loading capacity). The paper provides capital and operating costs of the solutions. The introduction of up-to-date units and replacing condensers resulted in lowering the electric power demand by 16%. The simple payback time (SPBT) of this solution is 18.8 years. The energy savings achieved through the second solution (contained aisle configurations of rack cabinets) amount to 37.8%, with SPBT equal to 8.38 years. Variant III, consisting in using modern units with additional EconoPhase modules, significantly improves energy savings (48.3%) but it requires large capital expenditure, with simple payback time of 12.1 years.

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