scholarly journals Ventilatory Care in Status Asthmaticus

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Support ◽  
Status Asthmaticus ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Severe Exacerbation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Effective Ventilation ◽  
High Level

Asthma continues to pose a significant medical problem in terms of both morbidity and mortality. A number of patients with a severe exacerbation of asthma fail medical therapy and require urgent intubation and mechanical ventilation. New modalities of ventilatory support, including noninvasive ventilation, have been shown to provide effective ventilation even in the presence of severe bronchoconstriction. An intrinsically high level of auto positive end-expiratory pressure in these patients requires a precise balance between respiratory frequency, tidal volume and inspiratory flow rates. Pressure support ventilation reduces the risk of barotrauma and lowers the work of breathing in these patients. Adjuvant therapy with inhaled anesthetics and bronchoalveolar lavage may also be indicated in patients requiring high pressures to achieve adequate ventilation.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STATUS ASTHMATICUS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
John J. Downes ◽  
David W. Wood ◽  
Theodore W. Striker ◽  
Harold I. Lecks
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Status Asthmaticus ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Light Sedation ◽  
Intravenous Sodium

Status asthmaticus in infants and children is associated with increased work of breathing, arterial hypoxemia, and metabolic and respiratory acidosis. Humidified oxygen, intravenous fluids with glucose, intravenous sodium bicarbonate, and light sedation with chloral hydrate sustain the patient in nearly every case until the bronchomotor response to epinephrine returns. A limited number of patients develop respiratory failure characterized by severe respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia that lead to coma and circulatory arrest. By careful clinical observation and serial arterial pH and blood gas measurements, respiratory failure can be diagnosed and treated effectively with mechanical ventilation and intensive respiratory care for the 20 to 30 hours which may elapse before recovery begins.

Measurement of Pressure–Time Product during Spontaneous Assisted Breathing by Rapid Interrupter Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Bellani ◽  
Nicolò Patroniti ◽  
Dieter Weismann ◽  
Lucia Galbiati ◽  
Francesco Curto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Pressure Time Product

Background Measuring the work of breathing of patients undergoing spontaneous assisted ventilation can be useful to monitor and titrate ventilatory support. The aim of this study was to obtain measurements of the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles (PMUSC) and the derived pressure-time product (PTP; a good indicator of the metabolic work of breathing), performing the rapid interrupter technique with a commercial ventilator. Methods A Draeger Evita 4 ventilator (Draeger Medical, Lubeck, Germany) was controlled by a personal computer to rapidly interrupt the airway flow at different times and volumes of the respiratory cycle during pressure-support ventilation. From the airway pressure tracing after the occlusion, the authors estimated the alveolar pressure and PMUSC; the integration of PMUSC values over the inspiratory time yields the measurement of PTP. Esophageal pressure measurements were used as a reference. After a bench study of the valves' performance, the authors performed 11 measurement sequences in eight patients. Results The closure times for the inspiratory and expiratory valves were 74 +/- 10 and 61 +/- 13 ms, respectively. The interrupter technique provided a reliable estimate of PMUSC (PMUSC, occl = 1.00 . PMUSC, pes + 0.19; r = 0.88; 95% confidence interval for agreement, +5.49/-5.32 cm H2O). PTPoccl tightly correlated with PTPpes (PTPoccl = 0.95 . PTPpes + 0.13; r = 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.94/-1.61 cm H2O . s). Conclusion The rapid interrupter technique can be performed by means of a commercial ventilator, providing reliable measurement of PMUSC and PTP.

scholarly journals The role of antioxidant therapy in enhancing the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
A. G. Syrkasheva ◽  
N. V. Dolgushina
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Level

Introduction. Infertility, i.e. the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy within 12 months of a regular sexual life without contraception, is a current medical problem and affects up to 15-25% of married couples in Western countries.Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic prescription of antioxidants in preparation for cycles of assisted reproductive technology (ART) depending on the level of anthropogenic chemicals in the patient’s body.Materials and methods. A randomized clinical trial included 144 patients with infertility who applied for ART. Prior to ART treatment, all patients were determined the level of anthropogenic chemical substances (ACS) in the blood by mass spectrometry. The concentration of the following substances was determined: mercury, cadmium, lead, and bisphenol A. The patients were divided into groups depending on the level of ACS: group 1 consisted of 72 patients with high level of ACS (5 points or more), group 2 consisted of 72 patients with low level of ACS. Antioxidant therapy in the experimental group was performed for 2 months before ART. Coenzyme Q10 300 mg/day orally, eicosapentaenoic acid 300 mg/day orally, and docosahexaenoic acid 200 mg/day orally were used as antioxidant therapy. All patients in the control group did not take antioxidant medications for at least 6 months before entering the ART cycle.Results. When evaluating the clinical outcomes of ART cycles, a positive effect of antioxidant therapy was noted in both patients with high and low levels of ACS; as a result, the chances of pregnancy were 2.3 times higher in the group of patients who received antioxidant therapy compared to the control group. The number of patients treated was 5 for both the total patient group and the subgroups depending on the level of ACS.Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to recommend the prescription of antioxidant therapy to prepare patients for ART programs. 

Consensus document on radiotherapy in patients with implantable pacemakers and cardioverter – defibrilators

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Lidia Chmielewska-Michalak ◽  
Ewelina Konstanty ◽  
Przemysław Mitkowski
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Emergency Mode

The number of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), who require oncological management including radiotherapy (RT) is still increasing. According to current knowledge the most frequent device dysfunction related to exposition to ionizing radiation is reprogramming to emergency mode (soft reset). There are uncommon cases of complete, irreversible device damage. CIED dysfunction during RT can be observed in approximately 3% of patients. In majority of cases they are asymptomatic, although in literature there are descriptions of deterioration of clinical status due to bradycardia or exacerbation of heart failure. The most important factor of device malfunction is radiotherapy with photons of energy >10 MV or protons despite energy used. So far there were no cases published with inadequate ICD therapies due to the presence of electromagnetic field interference during RT. Because patients with CIED undergoing RT need complex care to achieve high level of safety, experts of Heart Rhythm Society establish document, published in 2017 which summarized current knowledge about this group of patients. The document contains guidelines on peri-radiotherapy care of patients with CIED.

scholarly journals Prospective Randomized Crossover Study of a New Closed-loop Control System versus Pressure Support during Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Clavieras ◽  
Marc Wysocki ◽  
Yannael Coisel ◽  
Fabrice Galia ◽  
Matthieu Conseil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters

Abstract Background: Intellivent is a new full closed-loop controlled ventilation that automatically adjusts both ventilation and oxygenation parameters. The authors compared gas exchange and breathing pattern variability of Intellivent and pressure support ventilation (PSV). Methods: In a prospective, randomized, single-blind design crossover study, 14 patients were ventilated during the weaning phase, with Intellivent or PSV, for two periods of 24 h in a randomized order. Arterial blood gases were obtained after 1, 8, 16, and 24 h with each mode. Ventilatory parameters were recorded continuously in a breath-by-breath basis during the two study periods. The primary endpoint was oxygenation, estimated by the calculation of the difference between the Pao2/Fio2 ratio obtained after 24 h of ventilation and the Pao2/Fio2 ratio obtained at baseline in each mode. The variability in the ventilatory parameters was also evaluated by the coefficient of variation (SD to mean ratio). Results: There were no adverse events or safety issues requiring premature interruption of both modes. The Pao2/Fio2 (mean ± SD) ratio improved significantly from 245 ± 75 at baseline to 294 ± 123 (P = 0.03) after 24 h of Intellivent. The coefficient of variation of inspiratory pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure (median [interquartile range]) were significantly higher with Intellivent, 16 [11–21] and 15 [7–23]%, compared with 6 [5–7] and 7 [5–10]% in PSV. Inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, and Fio2 changes were adjusted significantly more often with Intellivent compared with PSV. Conclusions: Compared with PSV, Intellivent during a 24-h period improved the Pao2/Fio2 ratio in parallel with more variability in the ventilatory support and more changes in ventilation settings.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Pressure Support in Compensating for Apparatus Work

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Bersten ◽  
A. J. Rutten ◽  
A. E. Vedig
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Inspiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Tube Size ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size

Breathing through an endotracheal tube, connector, and ventilator demand valve imposes an added load on the respiratory muscles. As respiratory muscle fatigue is thought to be a frequent cause of ventilator dependence, we sought to examine the efficacy of five different ventilators in reducing this imposed work through the application of pressure support ventilation. Using a model of spontaneous breathing, we examined the apparatus work imposed by the Servo 900-C, Puritan Bennett 7200a, Engstrom Erica, Drager EV-A or Hamilton Veolar ventilators, a size 7.0 and 8.0 mm endotracheal tube, and inspiratory flow rates of 40 and 60 l/min. Pressure support of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm H2O was tested at each experimental condition. Apparatus work was greater with increased inspiratory flow rate and decreased endotracheal tube size, and was lowest for the Servo 900-C and Puritan Bennett 7200a ventilators. Apparatus work fell in a curvilinear fashion when pressure support was applied, with no major difference noted between the five ventilators tested. At an inspiratory flow rate of 40 l/min, a pressure support of 5 and 8 cm H2O compensated for apparatus work through size 8.0 and 7.0 endotracheal tubes and the Servo 900-C and Puritan Bennett 7200a ventilators. However, the maximum negative pressure was greater for the Servo 900-C. The added work of breathing through endotracheal tubes and ventilator demand valves may be compensated for by the application of pressure support. The level of pressure support required depends on inspiratory flow rate, endotracheal tube size, and type of ventilator.

scholarly journals Research and Management of Rare Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Challenges and Countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjana Fatema Chowdhury ◽  
Syed Muktadir Al Sium ◽  
Saeed Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Disease Community

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted every aspect of our life. The need to provide high-level care for an enormous number of patients with COVID-19 infection during this pandemic has impacted resourcing for and restricted the routine care of all non-COVID-19 conditions. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the people living with rare disorders, who represent a marginalized group of the population even in a normal world, have not received enough attention that they deserve. Due to the pandemic situation, they have experienced (and experiencing) an extreme inadequacy of regular clinical services, counseling, and therapies they need, which have made their life more vulnerable and feel more marginalized. Besides, the clinicians, researchers, and scientists working on rare genetic diseases face extra challenges due to the pandemic. Many ongoing research projects and clinical trials for rare and genetic diseases were stalled to avoid patients' and research staff's transmission to COVID-19. Still, with all the odds, telehealth and virtual consultations for rare disease patients have shown hope. The clinical, organizational, and economic challenges faced by institutions, patients, their families, and the caregivers during the pandemic indicate the importance of ensuring continuity of care in managing rare diseases, including adequate diagnostics and priority management strategies for emergencies. In this review, we endeavored to shed light on the issues the rare disease community faces during the pandemic and the adaptations that could help the rare disease community to better sustain in the coming days.

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