scholarly journals Cat Scratch Disease: The Story Continues

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Opavsky
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Atypical Presentations

OBJECTIVE: To present a perspective on the current state of knowledge of cat scratch disease (CSD), including the evidence forBartonella henselaeas the etiological agent, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the disease, available diagnostic tests and current therapeutic options.DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search of the literature published from 1966 to 1995 using ‘cat scratch disease’, ‘Bartonella henselae’, ‘Rochalimaea henselae’ as key words and bibliographies of selected papers.DATA EXTRACTION: Selected studies reporting data on etiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of CSD were evaluated.DATA SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS: Evidence accumulated to date supportsB henselaeas the etiological agent of CSD. The most significant risk factors for CSD are being licked on the face, scratched or bitten by a kitten and owning a kitten with fleas. Available serological tests can confirm classic CSD and identifyB henselaeas the cause of more atypical presentations, such as fever of unknown origin, granulomatous hepatitis, encephalitis and osteomyelitis. Symptomatic management is appropriate for isolated lymphadenopathy caused by CSD in healthy individuals; however, antibiotic therapy may be indicated for patients with more severe manifestations of the disease and immunocompromised hosts. Further study of CSD, in particular the epidemiology and therapy, is warranted. A better understanding of the pathogenesis ofB henselaeinfection will have important implications in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.

scholarly journals Cat scratch disease as zoonosis: Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis.

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5997-2018
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ MAZUREK ◽  
STANISŁAW WINIARCZYK ◽  
ŁUKASZ ADASZEK
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The cat scratch disease in humans is caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. The disease can take many different forms: from asymptomatic cases, cases of skin lesions, fever of unknown origin, enlargement of lymph nodes, ophthalmologic disorders, to severe cases involving inflammation of the brain and spinal cord or endocarditis. The reservoir of B. henselae for humans are domestic animals, especially cats. The diagnosis of the disease is based on data from the anamnesis, the patient’s confirmed exposure to cats, and the results of serological tests showing an increase in antibody titres for B. henselae. The disease can also be confirmed by positive results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No vaccines against bartonellosis are available. The most important in preventing the disease is to maintain appropriate hygiene in contact with cats and dogs, and to eradicate the vectors of Bartonella, such as fleas..

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Bartonella henselae in Patients with Cat Scratch Disease and in Healthy Controls: Evaluation and Comparison of Two Commercial Serological Tests

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sander ◽  
Miriam Posselt ◽  
Karin Oberle ◽  
Wolfgang Bredt
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Bartonella Quintana

ABSTRACT Serologic testing for the presence of antibodies toBartonella henselae is a widely accepted diagnostic procedure for laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of cat scratch disease (CSD). In this study a commercially available indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) based on B. henselae-infected human larynx carcinoma cells (test A) was evaluated. Sera from 42 patients with CSD (20 confirmed by PCR) and 270 sera from healthy controls (consisting of 63 cat owners, 65 individuals whose last close contact with cats was >6 months previously, and 142 persons who had never been exposed to cats) were investigated for antibodies to B. henselae. All patients with CSD had titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to B. henselae of 128 or higher (test A; sensitivity, 100%). Of the 270 controls 189 (70%) were seronegative (titer, <64), 38 (14.1%) had titers of 64, 30 (11.1%) had titers of 128, 9 (3.3%) had titers of 256, and 4 (1.5%) had high titers, 512 (test A; specificity, 70%). Of the cat owners and individuals who had never had close contact with cats, 71.4 and 71.12%, respectively, were seronegative, and titers of 64, 128, 256, and 512 were found in 14.3 and 16.2%, 1.6 and 10.5%, 9.5 and 0.7%, and 3.2 and 1.4%, respectively. The sera from the patients and from the first 100 healthy adults without a history of close contact with cats were additionally tested with a second commercially available IFA, based on Vero cells infected withB. henselae and Bartonella quintana (test B). The sensitivity and specificity of test B were 93 and 73%, respectively. For patients with CSD the cross-reactivity betweenB. henselae and B. quintana in this test was 95%. Both systems are highly sensitive but less specific for detection of IgG antibodies to B. henselae in samples from patients with clinically apparent CSD. For detection of IgM antibodies, test A seems to be more sensitive (88%) and more specific (95%) than test B (sensitivity and specificity of 64 and 86%, respectively). The data show that the seroprevalence of antibodies toB. henselae in German individuals is high (30%). Low antibody levels are not sufficient evidence of active or prior infection.

scholarly journals An Atypical Case of Bartonella henselae Osteomyelitis and Hepatic Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dionna M. Mathews ◽  
Katie M. Vance ◽  
Pamela M. McMahon ◽  
Catherine Boston ◽  
Michael T. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Bartonella henselae is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of cat scratch disease (CSD). Atypical presentations of B. henselae that involve the musculoskeletal, hepatosplenic, cardiac, or neurologic systems are rare. In this case report, we describe a case of B. henselae osteomyelitis involving bilateral iliac bones complicated by hepatic lesions in a 12-year-old immunocompetent female patient. Although B. henselae is a rare cause of osteomyelitis, it should be considered when patients who present with fever, pain, and lymphadenopathy do not respond to routine osteomyelitis therapy.

scholarly journals HUMAN BARTONELLA INFECTION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 3759-3764
Author(s):  
Bistra Blagova ◽  
◽  
Nikolay Yanev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Wide Range

Cat scratch disease has been reported in the literature for more than half a century as a syndrome of regional lymphadenopathy and fever. However, only a quarter of a century has passed since Bartonella henselae was identified as an etiological agent. As diagnostic techniques have improved, Bartonella has been found to be responsible for a wide range of clinical syndromes. This review summarizes current knowledge about microbiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic techniques and treatment of Bartonella henselae infection.

scholarly journals Concomitant cat scratch disease and squamous cell carcinoma in a cardiac transplant

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Bhanot ◽  
George G. Sokos ◽  
Raymond L. Benza ◽  
Srinivas Murali
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease

Cat scratch disease has been reported very rarely in cardiac transplant recipients. In a review of 1073 episodes of infection in 620 heart transplant patients over a 16 year period, only one case of infection secondary to<em> Bartonella henselae</em> was documented. Another case of hepatosplenic bacillary angiomatosis from <em>B. henselae</em> was reported 2 decades ago in a heart transplant recipient who had presented with fevers of unknown origin. Although the typical clinical manifestation is that of a skin lesion accompanied with lymphadenopathy, cat scratch disease may present with persistent fevers without a clinically overt infective focus in immunosuppressed individuals. Moreover, more than one disease process may coexist in immunocompromised hosts. While the lymphadenopathy in our patient was secondary to Cat scratch disease, interestingly, the adjacent skin lesion that was thought to represent unhealed site of inoculation of <em>Bartonella</em> was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe Condition and ICU Admission of COVID-19 Patients of Early Stage in China: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinwei Fu ◽  
Wenjuan Wu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Heyin Huang ◽  
Peihai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Icu Admission

ABSTRACTObjectiveSome retrospective studies reporting epidemiological, clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients of early stage were published. We aim to provide an overview of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 patients, and identification, treatment of early stage, especially for the patients with poor prognosis.Data SourcesPubMed, CNKI and Google Scholar.Study SelectionWe searched for published retrospective studies that described epidemiological and clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 patients in China by April 14th, 2020 with search terms. Some studies were excluded according to criteria. Finally, 53 studies were included.Data ExtractionCharacteristics of the COVID-19 patients available from included articles were extracted, reorganized and recorded into electronic data forms.Data SynthesisCharacteristics of patients in the included studies were summarized and analyzed for median-interquartile ranges and univariable odds ratio.ConclusionThis study summarized, analyzed and compared epidemiological, clinical characteristics and estimated univariable risk factors among confirmed COVID-19 patients either in former epicenter, in severe condition, with ICU admission or not of early stage. Higher proportions of patients were found to have older age and more comorbidities, typical characteristics on admission and complications either in former epicenter, with severe condition or ICU admission. No evidence showed that patients who were male or had smoking history had higher susceptibility, but they were significant risk factors for severe condition. Some self-implementable traditional Chinese medicine therapies conducted for immunity improvement, control of comorbidities and reduction of some medicine intake. Limited evidence revealed that some characteristics of the disease might be changing with human-to-human transmission, and more research, especially international collaboration, is needed.Copyright form disclosureThe authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

#28: Rapid, Non-invasive Detection of Invasive Bartonella Infections in Pediatric Patients Using the Karius Test, A Next-Generation Sequencing Test for Microbial Cell-free DNA in Plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S11-S11
Author(s):  
Nicholas Degner ◽  
Matt Smollin ◽  
Ozlem Equils ◽  
Aparna Arun ◽  
Christiaan DeVries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Bartonella Quintana ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana are the etiologic agents of cat scratch disease (CSD) and “trench fever”, respectively. Both are important causes of culture-negative endocarditis and fever of unknown origin (FUO). The diagnosis of Bartonella infections is limited by (1) the nonspecific, protean manifestations of the disease and its broad differential diagnosis; (2) the fastidious nature of Bartonella spp., leading to rare detections with traditional culture based methods; (3) the insensitivity and poor specificity of Bartonella serologies. Rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of Bartonella through next-generation sequencing (NGS) of plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) offers a means to overcome these limitations. Here we describe the diagnosis of 23 Bartonella infections in children from August 2017 – December 2020 using plasma mcfDNA NGS. Methods The Karius Test (KT), developed and validated in Karius’ CLIA certified/CAP accredited lab, detects mcfDNA in plasma. After mcfDNA is extracted and NGS performed, human reads are removed, and remaining sequences are aligned to a curated database of &gt; 1400 organisms. McfDNA from organisms present above a statistical threshold are reported and quantified in molecules/μL (MPM). Clinical information was included from data submitted with the requisition or obtained at the time of reporting from clinical consultations with the provider. Results KT detected Bartonella henselae mcfDNA in 22 cases and Bartonella quintana in 1. Detections included 10 cases of endocarditis (7 prosthetic valve), 12 cases of CSD/FUO, and a single case of osteomyelitis. Glomerulonephritis was reported in 5 the cases of endocarditis. Six cases had splenic involvement; three had hepatic involvement. History of cat exposure was elicited in 8 cases. The mean MPMs was highest for prosthetic valve endocarditis (mean 47,272 +/- 67,526) followed by native valve endocarditis (3,881 +/- 2,458), FUO/CSD (1,922 +/- 3,416), and osteomyelitis (119 +/- 0) (p&lt;0.05). Three subjects had serial mcfDNA monitoring. Predictable declines in Bartonella mcfDNA were observed in response to therapy in all three patients. The duration of positive Bartonella mcfDNA signal ranged from 22–42 days (30.7, +/- 10.3). Conclusion Open-ended, plasma-based NGS for mcfDNA provides a rapid, non-invasive method to diagnose diverse clinical manifestations of invasive pediatric Bartonella infection against a competing broad differential diagnosis. The quantification of mcfDNA may further help in differentiating the various clinical syndromes caused by Bartonella. Finally, serial monitoring to trend MPMs may serve as an indicator of burden of infection, provide a means to monitor treatment efficacy and ultimately help define the length of therapy for optimal outcomes. All detections are Bartonella henselae except for one case of *Bartonella quintana (prosthetic valve endocarditis). MPM=molecules/μL; GN=glomerulonephritis, LN=lymph node involvement, FUO=fever of unknown origin, CSD=cat scratch disease

scholarly journals Abscess-forming lymphadenopathy and osteomyelitis in children with Bartonella henselae infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Ridder-Schröter ◽  
Aleander Marx ◽  
Meinrad Beer ◽  
Dennis Tappe ◽  
Hans-Wolfgang Kreth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Node Biopsy ◽  
Systemic Complication ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Bartonella henselae is the agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD), a chronic lymphadenopathy among children and adolescents. A systemic infection is very rare and most of these cases are found in patients with immunodeficiency. Here, cases involving four children of 6–12 years of age are reported. Three of the children had an abscess-forming lymphadenopathy and surrounding myositis in the clavicular region of the upper arm. The diagnosis was made serologically and, in one case, using eubacterial universal PCR. One child was treated with erythromycin for 10 days, the second received cefotaxime and flucloxacillin for 14 days and the third child was not treated with antibiotics. The fourth child had a different course: a significantly elevated signal intensity affecting the complete humerus was found in magnetic resonance imaging, consistent with osteomyelitis. A lymph node abscess was also found in the axilla. Diagnosis was established by indirect fluorescence assay and lymph node biopsy. Antibiotic therapy using clarithromycin, clindamycin and rifampicin was gradually successful. Immunodeficiency was excluded. All described lesions healed without residues. In immunocompetent patients, infection affects skin and draining lymph nodes; however, prolonged fever of unknown origin as in the fourth patient indicated a systemic complication of CSD.

scholarly journals A case of Bartonellosis presenting as a puzzling multisystem disorder complicated by nosocomial COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e244002
Author(s):  
Huw Garland ◽  
Sarah Stoll ◽  
Shalinee Patel ◽  
Rahul Mogal
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
History Of

The most commonly considered infection with a Bartonella species is cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae. Here, we discuss a unique case of a 60-year-old man who presented with Bartonella infection complicated by nosocomial COVID-19. He was admitted with a history of chest pain, persistent fever, rash and influenza-like symptoms. Positive Bartonella serology confirmed diagnosis and the patient developed complications of pericardial effusion in addition to COVID-19 infection, requiring non-invasive ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit. We discuss his symptoms, investigations, treatment and outcomes, while also highlighting the challenges of assessing patients presenting with fever of unknown origin during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals SystemicBartonella henselaeInfection in Immunocompetent Adult Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Zenone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Immunocompetent Adult ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Splenic Involvement ◽  
Immunocompetent Adults

Systemic clinical presentations of infection caused byBartonella henselaeare rare in immunocompetent adults. We report four cases with hepatic and/or splenic involvement, presenting as fever of unknown origin. We discuss diagnosis and treatment of this infection.Bartonella henselaeserology allows an easy diagnosis of hepatosplenic involvement in cat scratch disease, a clinical picture that appears to be underrecognized.

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