scholarly journals Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Canadian Patients with Chronic Type C Hepatitis

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
GY Minuk ◽  
WWS Wong ◽  
KDE Kaita ◽  
BG Rosser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Ear Piercing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Sexual Promiscuity

Previous reports from the United States indicate that as many as 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) have no identifiable risk factor for HCV infection. To determine whether the same is true of Canadian patients with chronic HCV the records of 89 anti-HCV positive patients referred to the authors' tertiary care centre for evaluation of liver disease were reviewed. Each patient had been specifically asked about the following risk factors: previous blood transfusions; intravenous drug abuse; homosexual activity; sexual promiscuity (multiple sexual partners or a history of sexually transmitted diseases); tattoos made with nonsterile techniques; and ear piercing using nonsterile techniques. The results of the study revealed that 76 of 89 patients (85%) had at least one risk factor for HCV exposure, 38 (43%) had only one risk factor, 19 (21%) had two, 12 (14%) had three and the remaining three patients (3%) had four. The most common risk factor was a history of intravenous drug abuse (30 of 89 patients, 34%) followed by sexual promiscuity (28, 32%), previous blood transfusions (21, 24%), tattoos (17, 19%), homosexual contacts (seven, 8%) and ear piercing (five, 6%). Contrary to a recent report identifying sexual contact as an independent risk factor for HCV infection, only four cases (5%) were found where sexual promiscuity was identified as the only risk factor. In conclusion, these findings indicate that a possible source of HCV infection can be identified in a large majority of Canadians referred to an urban centre with chronic HCV infection.

scholarly journals Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. A case-control study of blood donors in the Trent Region (UK)

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Neal ◽  
D. A. Jones ◽  
D. Killey ◽  
V. James
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe introduction of screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the National Blood Transfusion Service identified donors who had acquired HCV infection. We undertook a case-control study amongst blood donors in the Trent Region to determine risks for HCV infection. A total of 74 blood donors confirmed positive for hepatitis C infection and 150 age, sex and donor venue matched controls were included in the study. Fifty-three percent of hepatitis C infected blood donors reported previous use of injected drugs compared to no controls; relative risk (RR) not estimatable (lower limit 95% CI = 20). Other risk factors were a history of: receipt of a blood transfusion or blood products RR = 3·6 (95% CI 1·5–8·3), having been a ‘health care worker’ RR = 2·8 (95% CI 1·1–7·6), tattooing RR = 3·3 (95% CI 1·2–8·7), and an association with having been born abroad RR = 3·2 (95% CI 1·1–9·5). No risk was shown for a history of multiple sexual partners, ear piercing or acupuncture. Injecting drug use explains more than 50% of hepatitis C infections in blood donors, a group who are less likely to have injected drugs than the general population.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and the Natural History of HCV Infection Acquired in Infancy

2005 ◽  
Vol 192 (11) ◽  
pp. 1880-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Mast ◽  
Lu‐Yu Hwang ◽  
Dexter S. Y. Seto ◽  
Frederick S. Nolte ◽  
Omana V. Nainan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus infection in a population from Londrina, PR, Brazil, 2001-2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingridt Hildegard Vogler ◽  
Anna Nishiya ◽  
Helena Kaminami Morimoto ◽  
Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche ◽  
André Luiz Bortoliero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Serological, epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were evaluated in 183 subjects from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, and adjacent areas. Serum samples which tested anti-HCV positive by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) obtained from eight patients with chronic hepatitis C, 48 blood donors, and 127 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were submitted to another enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). About 78.7% of samples were also reactive by ELISA, with the greater proportion (70.8%) of discordant results verified among blood donors. A similar finding was observed for HCV-RNA detection by PCR, with 111/165 (67.3%) positive samples, with higher rates among HIV-positive subjects and patients with chronic hepatitis than among blood donors. Sixty-one PCR-positive samples were submitted to HCV genotyping, with 77.1, 21.3 and 1.6% of the samples identified as types 1, 3 and 2, respectively. Finally, analysis of some risk factors associated with HCV infection showed that intravenous drug use was the most common risk factor among HIV/HCV co-infected patients, while blood transfusion was the most important risk factor in the group without HIV infection. The present study contributed to the knowledge regarding risk factors associated with HCV infection and the distribution of HCV genotypes in the population evaluated.

scholarly journals Predictive markers for hepatitis C virus infection among Brazilian inmates

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harnoldo Colares Coelho ◽  
Sabrina Alberti Nóbrega de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Custódio Miguel ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Oliveira ◽  
José Fernando de Castro Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Inmates

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has quite high prevalence in the prison system, reaching rates of up to 40%. This survey aimed to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and evaluate risk factors for this exposure among male inmates at the Ribeirão Preto Prison, State of São Paulo, Brazil, between May and August 2003. A total of 333 participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and underwent immunoenzymatic assaying to investigate anti-HCV. The prevalence of HCV infection among the inmates was 8.7% (95% CI: 5.7-11.7). The participants'mean age was 30.1 years, and the prevalence was predominantly among individuals over 30 years of age. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables that were independently associated with HCV infection were age > 30 years, tattooing, history of previous hepatitis, previous injection drug use and previous needle-sharing.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maimoona Maheen ◽  
Mehak Ruqia ◽  
Sana Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ear Piercing ◽  
History Of

Background: Hepatitis C is not only a globally prevalent disease but also a significant cause of death. It has multiple complications ranging from Hepatocellular carcinoma to decompensated liver disease. This study was planned to determine the frequencies of various risk factors in Hepatitis C positive patients presenting to a tertiary care health facility in Rawalpindi.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 394 patients that presented to Liver Centre, Holy Family Hospital during the years 2015 to 2016. All these patients were confirmed cases of Hepatitis C. The data were collected from records of the liver center of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23 was used to analyze data, and descriptive statistics were calculated. All patients with any other comorbidity were excluded.Results: Of the 394 patients included in this study, 197 (50%) males and 197(50%) females with an average age of 44.48. Out of these, 143(36.3%) had a history of previous surgery, 65 (16.5%) had a blood transfusion, 165 (42.19%) had a history of dental treatment, and 189(48.0%) had a history of injections (IM and IV). Ninety-two patients (23.4%) had a history of barber shave, four patients (1%) had tattooed, and 83 patients (21.1 %) had a history of ear piercing. Fifty patients (38.2%) had a family history of Hepatitis C. Only 23 (31.2%) patients had only one risk factor, while 271 (68.7%) had more than one risk factor before a diagnosis of disease.Conclusion: The majority of the patients had more than one risk factor, with a history of injection use being the most common (intravenous and intramuscular). It was followed by the history of dental treatment, family history, and history of previous surgery.

Hepatitis C Virus in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Andes ◽  
Kerry Ellenberg ◽  
Amanda Vakos ◽  
James Collins ◽  
Kimberly Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to summarize recent demographic characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy and the efficacy of risk-based versus universal screening. Study Design PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies that recognized hepatitis C as a primary or secondary outcome, with pregnant women as the population and written in English, were included. Studies were excluded if they were abstracts only, written in foreign language, or published prior to 1992. Two researchers independently screened all the studies by titles, abstracts, and full text. Conflicts were settled by a third researcher. Results A total of 698 studies were identified with 78 fitting inclusion criteria. In total, 69 epidemiologic and 9 comparison studies were found. Identified risk factors for HCV infection include intravenous or illicit drug use, sexually transmitted coinfection, high-risk behaviors in the partners, high parity, and history of miscarriages or abortions. Demographic characteristics associated with HCV include non-Hispanic white race, American Indian or Alaskan Native ethnicity, and increasing age. Providers may fail to adequately screen for each risk factor, and up to two-thirds of women with a known risk factor are not screened under current guidelines. Finally, up to 27% of HCV+ women have no identifiable risk factors for infection. Conclusion There is evidence that risk-based screening fails to identify a large proportion of HCV positive women in pregnancy and that pregnant women with HCV risk factors and consistent with current screening guidelines fail to be tested. We urge for the adoption of universal screening to identify these women and offer treatment.

High Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis at an Urban Dialysis Center

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Sivapalasingam ◽  
Sharp F. Malak ◽  
John F. Sullivan ◽  
Jonathan Lorch ◽  
Kent A. Sepkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Objective:To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients at an urban outpatient hemodialysis center.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 227 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Rogosin Kidney Center on December 15, 1998, with a response rate of 90% (227 of 253). Laboratory records were used to retrieve the total number of blood transfusions received and serologic study results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship among HCV serostatus, patient demographics, and HCV risk factors (eg, intravenous drug use [IVDU], intranasal cocaine use, multiple sexual partners, comorbidities, length of time receiving hemodialysis, and total number of blood transfusions received).Results:The seroprevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was 23.3% (53 of 227) in the population. In univariate analysis, factors associated with HCV seropositivity included male gender, younger age, history of IVDU, history of intranasal cocaine use, history of multiple sexual partners, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, increased time receiving dialysis, history of renal transplant, and positive antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that longer duration receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU were the only risk factors that remained independently associated with HCV seropositivity.Conclusions:HCV is markedly more common in our urban cohort of patients receiving hemodialysis compared with patients receiving dialysis nationally and is associated with a longer duration of receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU. Stricter and more frequent enforcement of universal precautions may be required in hemodialysis centers located in areas with a high prevalence of HCV infection or IVDU among the general population.

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in former Brazilian soccer players

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. R. AZEVEDO ◽  
N. A. FILGUEIRA ◽  
E. P. LOPES
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

SUMMARYWe evaluated the occurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 97 former soccer players who played in Recife, Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, and analysed the risk factors for infection, such as history of transfusions, surgery, tattoos, piercings, and the use of illicit drugs or injectable vitamin complexes. Immunochromatographic testing was performed to detect anti-HCV antibodies. All former soccer players were men (mean age 59·2 years), of whom 62 (64%) and 35 (36%) were classified as amateurs and professionals, respectively. Seven (7·2%) tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies; three (4·8%) were amateurs, and four (11·4%) were professionals. In univariate analysis, transfusion, surgery, and use of injectable vitamin complexes were associated with HCV infection, while in multivariate analysis, only the use of injectable vitamin complexes was related (P=0·0005). We observed a high frequency of HCV infection in former soccer players, especially in professionals who used injectable vitamin complexes.

scholarly journals STATUS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD NAEEM ◽  
AMEER AHMAD ◽  
IMRAN QAISAR ◽  
Fiaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Past History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Safe Blood

Objective: To know the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children admitted in Pediatric ward of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Pediatric unit-1 Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur over a period of 2 months and 15 days. Material and methods: This study was conducted over 500 children admitted in children ward-1 of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Children of 1-15 years of age were included in the study. The blood samples of these children were taken at the time of admission and serum was tested for HCV with ICT method and later on confirmed by ELISA. Children having HCV infection were tested for SGPT level. Different risk factors for transmission of HCV infection were also studied. Results: Out of 500 children 43 were HCV positive by ICT method. Out of these 43 ICT positive children 38 were confirmed by ELISA. In this way 7.6% children were found positive for HCV. In 23 cases (60.5%) SGPT was raised (>40). Statistically significant risk factors for transmission of HCV infection found in this study were past history of blood transfusion and history of injections in past. Conclusions: HCV infection is quite common in children. Safe blood transfusions and use of disposable and sterilized syringes is important for prevention of this infection. 

scholarly journals Epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in a high-prevalence population

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Fill ◽  
L. A. Sizemore ◽  
M. Rickles ◽  
K. C. Cooper ◽  
C. M. Buecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractTo understand increasing rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Tennessee, we conducted testing, risk factor analysis and a nested case–control study among persons who use drugs. During June–October 2016, HCV testing with risk factor assessment was conducted in sexually transmitted disease clinics, family planning clinics and an addiction treatment facility in eastern Tennessee; data were analysed by using multivariable logistic regression. A nested case–control study was conducted to assess drug-using risks and behaviours among persons who reported intranasal or injection drug use (IDU). Of 4753 persons tested, 397 (8.4%) were HCV-antibody positive. HCV infection was significantly associated with a history of both intranasal and IDU (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 35.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.1–51.9), IDU alone (aOR 52.7, CI 25.3–109.9), intranasal drug use alone (aOR 2.6, CI 1.8–3.9) and incarceration (aOR 2.7, CI 2.0–3.8). By 4 October 2016, 574 persons with a reported history of drug use; 63 (11%) were interviewed further. Of 31 persons who used both intranasal and injection drugs, 26 (84%) reported previous intranasal drug use, occurring 1–18 years (median 5.5 years) before their first IDU. Our findings provide evidence that reported IDU, intranasal drug use and incarceration are independent indicators of risk for past or present HCV infection in the study population.

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