scholarly journals Frontal Cognitive Function and Memory in Parkinson’s Disease: Toward a Distinction between Prospective and Declarative Memory Impairments?

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Tröster ◽  
J. A. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Executive Deficits ◽  
The Relationship

Memory dysfunction is a frequent concomitant of Parkinson's disease (PD). Historically, two classes of hypotheses, focusing on different cognitive mechanisms, have been advanced to explain this memory impairment: one postulating retrieval deficits (common to several neurodegenerative disorders involving the basal ganglia), and the other postulating frontally mediated executive deficits as fundamental to memory impairment. After outlining empirical support for the retrieval deficit hypothesis, research on the more recent “frontal executive deficit hypothesis” is reviewed, and major challenges to this hypothesis are identified. It is concluded that the frontal executive deficit hypothesis cannot adequately account for all memory impairments in PD, and that a more parsimonious theoretical account might invoke a distinction between prospective and declarative memory impairments. It is suggested that there may be three subgroups of PD patients: one demonstrating prospective memory dysfunction only, one with declarative memory dysfunction only, and one with both prospective and declarative memory dysfunction. Consequently, PD might provide a useful model within which to investigate the relationship between prospective and declarative memory.

Appendectomy Does Not Increase the Risk of Future Emergence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482198903
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Ishizuka ◽  
Norisuke Shibuya ◽  
Kazutoshi Takagi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hachiya ◽  
Kazuma Tago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Objective To explore the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background Although there are several studies to investigate the relationship between appendectomy history and emergence of PD, the results are still controversial. Methods We performed a comprehensive electronic search of the literature (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and the Web of Science) up to April 2020 to identify studies that had employed databases allowing comparison of emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history. To integrate the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of PD, a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the selected studies, and heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 statistics. Results Four studies involving a total of 6 080 710 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among 1 470 613 patients with appendectomy history, 1845 (.13%) had emergences of PD during the observation period, whereas among 4 610 097 patients without appendectomy history, 6743 (.15%) had emergences of PD during the observation period. These results revealed that patients with appendectomy history and without appendectomy had almost the same emergence of PD (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, .87-1.20; P = .83; I2 = 87%). Conclusion This meta-analysis has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history.

The Relationship Between Brain Fog and Medication Adherence for Individuals With Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110381
Author(s):  
Kelly Haskard-Zolnierek ◽  
Courtney Wilson ◽  
Julia Pruin ◽  
Rebecca Deason ◽  
Krista Howard
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Adherence Level ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Replacement ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Relationship

Individuals with hypothyroidism suffer from symptoms including impairments to cognition (i.e., “brain fog”). Medication can help reduce symptoms of hypothyroidism; however, brain fog may hinder adherence. The aim of this study was to determine if memory impairment and cognitive failures are related to treatment nonadherence in 441 individuals with hypothyroidism. Participants with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and currently prescribed a thyroid hormone replacement medication were placed in two groups according to adherence level and compared on validated scales assessing impairments to memory and cognition. Results indicated a significant association between treatment nonadherence and self-reported brain fog, represented by greater cognitive and memory impairments. Nonadherent individuals indicated impairments with prospective, retrospective, and short- and long-term memory; and more cognitive failures, compared to adherent individuals. Findings suggest the importance of interventions to enhance adherence for individuals with brain fog, such as encouraging the use of reminders.

scholarly journals Parkinson’s Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Conor Fearon ◽  
Alfonso Fasano
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Convincing Data

Studies focusing on the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have provided conflicting results. We review the literature to investigate: 1) Are PD patients at higher risk for contracting COVID-19 and are there specific contributing factors to that risk? 2) How does COVID-19 affect PD symptoms? 3) How does COVID-19 present in PD patients? 4) What are the outcomes in PD patients who contract COVID-19? 5) What is the impact of COVID-19 on PD care? 6) Does COVID-19 increase the risk of developing PD? A literature search was performed from 1979 to 2020 using the terms: ‘Parkinson’s disease’ and ‘parkinsonism’ combined with: ‘COVID-19’; ‘SARS-CoV-2’ and ‘coronavirus’. It does not appear that PD is a specific risk factor for COVID-19. There is evidence for direct/indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 on motor/non-motor symptoms of PD. Although many PD patients present with typical COVID-19 symptoms, some present atypically with isolated worsening of parkinsonian symptoms, requiring increased anti-PD therapy and having worse outcomes. Mortality data on PD patients with COVID-19 is inconclusive (ranging from 5.2%to 100%). Patients with advanced PD appear to be particularly vulnerable. Single cases of acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome have been described but no other convincing data has been reported. The rapidity with which COVID-19 has swept across the globe has favored the proliferation of studies which lack scientific rigor and the PD literature has not been immune. A coordinated effort is required to assimilate data and answer these questions in larger PD cohorts.

Self-Perception of Voice and Swallowing Handicap in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alice K. Silbergleit ◽  
Lonni Schultz ◽  
Kendra Hamilton ◽  
Peter A. LeWitt ◽  
Christos Sidiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Dysphagia Handicap Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hypokinetic dysarthria and dysphagia are known features of Parkinson’s disease; however, self-perception of their handicapping effects on emotional, physical, and functional aspects of quality of life over disease duration is less understood. Objective: 1) Based upon patient self-perception, to determine the relationship of the handicapping effects of dysphagia and dysphonia with time since diagnosis in individuals with Parkinson’s disease; 2)To determine if there is a relationship between voice and swallowing handicap throughout the course of Parkinson’s disease. Method: 277 subjects completed the Dysphagia Handicap Index and the Voice Handicap Index. Subjects were divided into three groups based on disease duration: 0–4 years, 5–9 years, and 10 + years. Results: Subjects in the longer duration group identified significantly greater perceptions of voice and swallowing handicap compared to the shorter duration groups. There was a significant positive correlation between the DHI and VHI. Conclusion: Self-perception of swallowing and voice handicap in Parkinson’s disease are associated with later stages of disease and progress in a linear fashion. Self-perception of voice and swallowing handicap parallel each other throughout disease progression in Parkinson’s disease. Individuals may be able to compensate for changes in voice and swallowing early while sensory perceptual feedback is intact. Results support early targeted questioning of patient self-perception of voice and swallowing handicap as identification of one problem indicates awareness of the other, thus creating an opportunity for early treatment and maintenance of swallowing and communication quality of life for as long as possible.

1.158 The relationship between Parkinson's disease and nutritional status

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. S48-S49
Author(s):  
X. Tan ◽  
Y. Luo ◽  
J. Pan ◽  
P.-Q. Wang ◽  
B. Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
The Relationship
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