scholarly journals Portal Hypertension Promotes Bacterial Translocation in Rats Mono- and Non Mono-Associated with Escherichia Coli C25

HPB Surgery ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Nicolas Vauthey ◽  
Petra Duda ◽  
Anthony M. Wheatley ◽  
Philippe Gertsch
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Portal Vein Ligation ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
High Incidence

The basis for the high incidence of infectious complications in portal hypertension (PHT) remains unclear. The hypothesis that PHT induces bacterial translocation (BT) was tested in a rat model with or without mono-association with streptomycin resistant Escherichia coli C25 and with or without hypovolemic shock. PHT was achieved by partial portal vein ligation and three weeks later hypovolemic shock (HS) was induced. Blood, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes cultures were performed twenty-four hours later.PHT promoted BT to mesenteric lymph nodes in indigenous flora (4/6 [67%]) and mono-associated animals (7/9 [78%]) compared to sham laparotomy and sham shock (SL + SS) animals (0/6 [0%] and 2/9 [22%] respectively) (p = 0.03). The combination of PHT and HS resulted in increased mortality in mono-associated (7/15 [47%]) and non mono-associated animals (8/15 [53%]). No significant translocation was noted in liver and spleen and bacteremia was found only in the PHT + HS mono-associated animals (4/8 [50%]).PHT induces BT to mesenteric lymph nodes and this may account for the high incidence of septic complications associated witti PHT. In this model, the addition of HS to PHT leads to an increased mortality but without uniform translocation of the gut flora beyond mesenteric lymph nodes.

scholarly journals Microbiology of bacterial translocation in humans

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J O’Boyle ◽  
J MacFie ◽  
C J Mitchell ◽  
D Johnstone ◽  
P M Sagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Postoperative Sepsis ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Postoperative Septic Complications

Background—Gut translocation of bacteria has been shown in both animal and human studies. Evidence from animal studies that links bacterial translocation to the development of postoperative sepsis and multiple organ failure has yet to be confirmed in humans.Aims—To examine the spectrum of bacteria involved in translocation in surgical patients undergoing laparotomy and to determine the relation between nodal migration of bacteria and the development of postoperative septic complications.Methods—Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), serosal scrapings, and peripheral blood from 448 surgical patients undergoing laparotomy were analysed using standard microbiological techniques.Results—Bacterial translocation was identified in 69 patients (15.4%). The most common organism identified wasEscherichia coli (54%). Both enteric bacteria, typical of indigenous intestinal flora, and non-enteric bacteria were isolated. Postoperative septic complications developed in 104 patients (23%). Enteric organisms were responsible in 74% of patients. Forty one per cent of patients who had evidence of bacterial translocation developed sepsis compared with 14% in whom no organisms were cultured (p<0.001). Septic morbidity was more frequent when a greater diversity of bacteria resided within the MLN, but this was not statistically significant.Conclusion—Bacterial translocation is associated with a significant increase in the development of postoperative sepsis in surgical patients. The organisms responsible for septic morbidity are similar in spectrum to those observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data strongly support the gut origin hypothesis of sepsis in humans.

scholarly journals Gut origin of sepsis: a prospective study investigating associations between bacterial translocation, gastric microflora, and septic morbidity

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J MacFie ◽  
C O’Boyle ◽  
C J Mitchell ◽  
P M Buckley ◽  
D Johnstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Postoperative Sepsis ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Septic Focus ◽  
Gastric Microflora

AIMSTo investigate the “gut origin of sepsis” hypothesis.METHODSProspective controlled study of 279 surgical patients in which cultures of nasogastric aspirates were compared with those obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes taken at laparotomy and the organisms cultured from subsequent septic complications. Bacterial translocation was confirmed if positive cultures were obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes. Postoperative sepsis was defined as any positive culture in the postoperative period. Bacterial species obtained in gastric microflora, mesenteric lymph nodes, and postoperative septic complications were compared.RESULTSOnly 85/279 patients (31%) had a sterile nasogastric aspirate; the most frequently identified organism was Candida spp. (54%) and the most common enteric organism cultured was E coli (20%). Multiple organisms were isolated in 39% and occurred more frequently in patients aged over 70 years, those undergoing non-elective surgery, and in those requiring proximal gastrointestinal surgery. Postoperative sepsis was more common in these patients. Bacterial translocation occurred in 21% and was significantly more frequent in those with multiple organisms in their nasogastric aspirates. E coli was the commonest organism isolated from the lymph node specimens (48%) and septic foci (53%). Fungal translocation did not occur. An identical genus was identified in the nasogastric aspirate and the septic focus in 30% of patients, in the nasogastric aspirate and the lymph node in 31%, and in the lymph node and a postoperative septic focus in 45%.CONCLUSIONSProximal gut colonisation is associated with both increased bacterial translocation and septic morbidity. The commonality of organisms identified supports the gut origin of sepsis hypothesis.

scholarly journals Bacterial Translocation as a Cause of Postoperative Sepsis in Surgical Patients Undergoing Laparotomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Neeraj Thapa ◽  
Bhairav Kumar Hamal ◽  
Nagendra Prashad Yadav ◽  
Ghanashyam Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Postoperative Sepsis ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Postoperative Septic Complications

Introduction: Bacterial translocation is the invasion of indigenous intestinal bacteria through the gut mucosa to normally sterile tissues and the internal organs. Objective of the study is to examine the spectrum of bacteria involved in translocation in surgical patients undergoing laparotomy and to determine the relation between nodal migration of bacteria and the development of postoperative septic complications. Methods: Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)culture was done in patients undergoing elective and emergency surgeries fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results:Bacterial translocation was identified in 22 (44.8%) patients. The most common organism identified was Escherichia coli (n=11, 50%). Both enteric bacteria, typical of indigenous intestinal flora, and non-enteric bacteria were isolated. Postoperative septic complications developed in four (11%) patients. Septic morbidity was more frequent when a greater diversity of bacteria resided within the mesenteric lymph nodes. Conclusion: Bacterial translocation is associated with an increase in the development of postoperative sepsis in surgical patients. The organisms responsible for septic morbidity are similar in spectrum to those observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data strongly support the gut origin hypothesis of sepsis in humans. Besides, there is increased bacterial translocation in patients undergoing emergency procedures. Keywords: bacteria • laparotomy • postoperative • sepsis • translocation

Inhibition of Escherichia coli Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Normal Cecal Flora in Gnotobiotic or Antibiotic-Decontaminated Mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081
Author(s):  
Rodney D. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gnotobiotic Mice

Escherichia coli C25 maintained population levels of 10 9 to 10 10 per g of cecum and translocated to 100% of the middle mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli C25. Intragastric inoculation of these mice with the cecal contents from specific-pathogen-free mice reduced the population levels of E. coli C25 to 10 6 per g of cecum and completely inhibited translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Intragastric inoculation with heat-treated, Formalintreated, or filtered cecal contents did not reduce the population levels of E. coli C25 or reduce the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25 to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, viable bacteria apparently are required in the cecal contents inocula to reduce the population levels and the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25. Treatment with streptomycin plus bacitracin decreased the anaerobic bacterial levels in these gnotobiotic mice, allowing increased population levels of E. coli C25 and increased translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. E. coli C25 also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes of specific-pathogen-free mice treated with streptomycin and bacitracin before colonization with E. coli C25. The high cecal population levels of E. coli C25 in these antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free mice apparently overwhelm any barrier to translocation exerted by the immunologically developed lamina propria of the specific-pathogen-free mice. Inoculation of gnotobiotic mice with a cecal flora also reduced the population levels of an indigenous strain of E. coli with a concomitant inhibition of translocation of the indigenous E. coli to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial antagonism of the gastrointestinal population levels of certain indigenous bacteria, such as E. coli , by other members of the normal bacterial flora appears to be an important defense mechanism confining bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.

Prevalence and Antibiograms of Salmonellae in Slaughter Cattle, Slaughter Areas and Effluents in Zaria Abattoir, Nigeria

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABIODUN A. ADESIYUN ◽  
OYINDASOLA O. ONI
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Health Significance

Mesenteric lymph nodes of slaughter cattle, swabs of slaughter and dressing areas and effluents of Zaria abattoir were cultured for salmonellae. Of a total of 510 samples cultured, 23 (5%) were positive for Salmonella. Five (4%) of 118 bovine lymph nodes contained salmonellae whereas sites swabbed during dressing had a frequency of isolation of 7% (11 of 150) and only 4 (3% of 150 samples) were positive after cleaning of dressing areas. Three (3%) of 92 effluent samples contained salmonellae. Thirteen of the 23 isolates of Salmonella were of different serotypes. The predominant serotypes were S. dublin (4 isolates), S. widemarsh (4 isolates) and S. Handoff (3 isolates). Twenty (87%), 8 (35%) and 8 (35%) isolates were resistant to streptomycin, neomycin and tetracycline respectively, while 6 (26%), 5 (22%) and 3(13%) isolates were not susceptible to gentamicin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol respectively. Overall, 15 resistance patterns were observed. The widespread occurrence of salmonellae in Zaria abattoir coupled with the high incidence of resistance to antimicrobial agents are of public health significance from the viewpoint of food hygiene and therapy for salmonellosis.

Bacterial Translocation to Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Increases in Chronic Portal Hypertensive Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 2244-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Ángel Llamas ◽  
María-Ángeles Aller ◽  
Domingo Marquina ◽  
María-Paz Nava ◽  
Jaime Arias
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

scholarly journals Analysis of IL-2 Production in Hookworm Infected Hamsters Using Generated Polyclonal Antibodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Ewa Długosz ◽  
Jarosław Cendrowski ◽  
Piotr Bąska ◽  
Anna Siwińska ◽  
Halina Wędrychowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Race Pcr

Abstract The aim of the study was cloning and analysis of the entire coding sequence of hamster IL-2 by the method of RACE-PCR, its expression in Escherichia coli cells, and production of IL-2 specific antibodies. These antibodies were used to determine in vitro IL-2 production by cells derived from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of Ancylostoma ceylanicum infected hamsters. The highest concentration of IL-2 was noted in supernatants from cell cultures coming from the oldest, most resistant hamsters.

Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups O157 and O26 in the Cecal Content and Lymphatic Tissue of Cattle at Slaughter in Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA BONARDI ◽  
EMANUELA FONI ◽  
CHIARA CHIAPPONI ◽  
ALESSANDRA SALSI ◽  
FRANCO BRINDANI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cecal Content ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) has emerged as a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe and potentially fatal illnesses, such as hemorrhagic colitis or the hemolytic uremic syndrome. In this study, 182 cattle at slaughter (119 dairy cows and 63 feedlot cattle) were randomly selected and tested for the presence of VTEC serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 in their cecal content and lymphatic tissue (tonsils or mesenteric lymph nodes). A total of 364 samples were evaluated with an immunomagnetic separation technique followed by slide agglutination. Presumptive VTEC O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 isolates were tested by Vero cell assay for verocytotoxin production and by multiplex PCR assay for the detection of vtx1, vtx2, eae, and E-hlyA genes. VTEC O157 was detected in 6 (3.3%) of 182 animals, and VTEC O26 was detected in 1 (0.5%) of 182 animals. No VTEC O103, VTEC O111, or VTEC O145 isolates were found in cattle feces, but one VTEC O91:H− vtx2+, eae−, E-hlyA+ strain nonspecifically cross-reacted with the VTEC O103 type. The prevalence of VTEC O157 in the lymphatic tissue of cattle was 1.1% in both tonsils (1 of 93 samples) and mesenteric lymph nodes (1 of 89 samples). Lymphatic tissue contamination was observed only in VTEC O157 intestinal carriers; two (33.3%) of six fecal carriers were simultaneously VTEC O157 lymphatic carriers. This finding suggests that VTEC O157 contamination of meat does not necessarily come from feces or the environment. No other VTEC serogroups were detected in the lymphatic tissue of slaughtered cattle.

Bulking fibre prevents translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes of an efficiently translocating Escherichia coli strain in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-G. Nettelbladt ◽  
M. Katouli ◽  
T. Bark ◽  
T. Svenberg ◽  
R. Möllby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Prehepatic portal hypertension produces increased mast cell density in the small bowel and in mesenteric lymph nodes in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL PRIETO ◽  
MARÍA-ANGELES ALLER ◽  
LUIS SANTAMARÍA ◽  
MARÍA-PAZ NAVA ◽  
ROSARIO MADERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Mast Cell Density
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