scholarly journals Association between Hlaantigens and Progression of HIV Infection in Greek Haemophiliacs

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. Papasteriades ◽  
J. Economidou ◽  
H. Pappas ◽  
K. Psarra ◽  
V. Kapsimali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

The frequencies of HLA antigens in 33 HIV seronegative and in 88 HIV seropositive haemophiliacs, who have been followed for at least 6 years since seroconversion or first HIV positive test. were evaluated in relation to disease susceptibility and disease progression. A high frequency of HLA-A2 and -DR2 antigens and a low frequency of HLA-A9 were found to characterize HIV seropositive patients (p<0.05). Progressors to symptomatic CDC stage IV had a higher frequency of HLA-A9 (p<0.01) and DR3. Rapid decline of CD4+ T cells in these patients was associated with HLA-A9, -DR I and DR3. Our data suggest that HLA antigens may contribute to susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression in Greek haemophiliacs.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS CONSIDERING THE 299GLY ALLELE TLR4 GENE CARRIAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
T. I. Koval ◽  
A. H. Marchenko ◽  
T. M. Kotelevska ◽  
N. P. Lymarenko ◽  
O. V. Artemieva
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tlr4 Gene ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains one of the most acute problems of modern medicine. Tuberculosis is known as the leading cause of death among the opportunistic infections in HIV-positive people; moreover, TB is also known as resulting in one of three deaths associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It should be stressed the TB course against the background of HIV infection demonstrates the atypical characteristics, nonspecific clinical symptoms with increasing frequency of extrapulmonary lesions, minimal radiological manifestations, low frequency of the pathogen excretion, and rapid course of the disease. In recent years, researchers around the world have paid considerable attention to studying the effects of genetic variation of genes on the course of infectious diseases in humans, including HIV and tuberculosis, and in particular, to investigating Tool-receptors, innate immune system receptors, which interact with pathogens and stimulate effector mechanisms of innate immunity. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and evaluate the features of the TB course before and during the antiretroviral therapy, considering the carriage of the 299Gly allele of the TLR4 gene. To assess the manifestations, clarify the clinical characteristics of the disease in the dynamics before and during the antiretroviral therapy, a retrospective cohort examination of 181 HIV-positive patients before and after the therapy was carried out. The study has demonstrated that, despite the virological and immunological effectiveness of the treatment, the TB detection in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy remained almost constant compared to the period before antiretroviral therapy (17.0% vs. 14.9%, > 0.05). Analysis of genotypes of the TLR4 gene showed that during the observation period before antiretroviral therapy in patients with the 299Gly allele there was a 6.3-fold higher risk of developing of disseminated TB forms (OR = 6.29 [95% 1.20-32.99], p = 0.044), compared with carriers of Asp299Asp genotype. In HIV-infected patients with the 299Gly allele of the TLR4 gene on the background of antiretroviral therapy, the risk of TB development is 3.4 times higher (p = 0.008) than in carriers of its homozygous genotype.

CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphomas in 13 patients with and 27 patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection: the first comparative clinicopathologic study from a single institution that also includes 80 patients with other human immunodeficiency virus-related systemic lymphomas.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Tirelli ◽  
E Vaccher ◽  
V Zagonel ◽  
R Talamini ◽  
D Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Clinicopathologic Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

PURPOSE CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Ki-1 ALCL) rarely has been described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The purpose of this study was to characterize further the clinicopathologic features of Ki-1 ALCL in patients with HIV infection and, for the first time, to make a comparison with Ki-1 ALCL in patients without HIV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS From September 1987 to April 1993, 93 patients with HIV infection and systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated at the Cancer Center of Aviano, Italy; in 13 (14%), the diagnosis was of Ki-1 ALCL subtype. This group of patients was compared with the remaining 80 patients who had other HIV-related NHL and with another group of 27 patients with Ki-1 ALCL who were without a diagnosis of HIV infection. RESULTS There was no case of a T-cell phenotype in the 13 HIV-positive Ki-1 ALCL patients, whereas there was such a phenotype in six of 27 (22%) HIV-negative Ki-1 ALCL patients. In regard to the general characteristics of the two groups with Ki-1 ALCL, more patients with stage IV, two or more extranodal sites at presentation, treatment-related leukopenia, and opportunistic infections as the cause of death were observed in the HIV-positive Ki-1 ALCL group. When these variables were compared with those of the other HIV-related NHL group, such differences were not present. CONCLUSION Ki-1 ALCL is not a rare clinicopathologic entity among NHL in patients with HIV infection. The differences observed within the two Ki-1 ALCL groups of patients may be because of factors related to the HIV infection alone.

Levels of dangerousness: an analysis of Irish dentists' clinical responses to HIV-seropositive patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
B J Gibson ◽  
R E Freeman ◽  
B E McCartan
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Work conducted in the mid-1980s suggested that dentists in the Republic of Ireland felt uncomfortable about treating patients who were HIV-seropositive. It seemed that with greater understanding of the behaviour of the virus, dentists' attitudes would be modified accordingly. The aim of this study was to assess the reactions of Irish dentists to the treatment of HIV-positive patients. All dentists currently on the register were sent a questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitudes and clinical behaviours. Over 60% of dentists responded. The study highlights dentists' responses to HIV infection suggesting that they are fearful of the virus. They perceive HIV as dangerous to themselves, their other patients and their practice. The findings indicate that attitudes relating to dangerousness remain a significant obstacle in the treatment of this patient group.

Factors associated with neuropsychological performance in HIV-seropositive subjects without AIDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PEREDA ◽  
J. L. AYUSO-MATEOS ◽  
A. GÓMEZ DEL BARRIO ◽  
S. ECHEVARRIA ◽  
M. C. FARINAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Zidovudine Treatment ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Background. Previous research has suggested that several factors may influence the presence of cognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cognitive reserve capacity and other variables on neuropsychological performance in early HIV infection.Methods. The neuropsychological performance of 100 HIV-seropositive subjects without AIDS (71 men and 29 women) was compared with that of 63 seronegative controls (51 men and 12 women). Measures included a neuropsychological battery, a medical examination and a psychiatric assessment. Cognitive reserve scores were based on a combination of years in school, a measure of educational achievement, and an estimate of pre-morbid intelligence.Results. HIV-positive subjects had longer reaction time latencies than HIV-negative subjects. Those in the HIV-positive group with low cerebral reserve scores showed the poorest performance on the neuropsychological tests. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was significantly higher in the HIV-positive group (27%) than in the controls (3·2%). Multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with global neuropsychological performance and cognitive impairment. Older age, lower cerebral reserve scores and not being on zidovudine treatment were associated with lower global neuropsychological scores and with the presence of cognitive impairment.Conclusions. Our results suggest that although cognitive impairment is not characteristic of early HIV infection, there is a subgroup of subjects who perform more poorly than expected. A lower reserve capacity, older age and not being on zidovudine treatment are factors that lower the threshold for neuropsychological abnormalities in cases of early HIV infection.

scholarly journals Genital HSV Detection among HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women in Labor

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Patterson ◽  
Jane Hitti ◽  
Stacy Selke ◽  
Meei-Li Huang ◽  
D. Heather Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
The University ◽  
Dna Pcr ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective. To compare genital HSV shedding among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women.Methods. Women with and without known HIV infection who delivered at the University of Washington Medical Center between 1989–1996 had HSV serologies done as part of clinical care. Genital swabs from HSV-2-seropositive women were evaluated by real-time quantitative HSV DNA PCR.Results. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 71% and 30% among 75 HIV-positive and 3051 HIV-negative women, respectively, (P<.001). HSV was detected at delivery in the genital tract of 30.8% of HIV-seropositive versus 9.5% of HIV-negative women (RR=3.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.5,P=.001). The number of virion copies shed per mL was similar (log 3.54 for HIV positive versus 3.90 for HIV negative,P=.99).Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that HIV-, HSV-2-coinfected women are more likely to shed HSV at delivery.

scholarly journals The frequency of peripheral neuropathy in a group of HIV positive patients in Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (2a) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Zanetti ◽  
Gilberto M. Manzano ◽  
Alberto A. Gabbai
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological complication occurring in asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of HIV infection. The most common syndromes are distal symmetric polyneuropathy, inflammatory demielinating polyneuropathy, poliradiculopathy, mononeuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex and autonomic neuropathy. PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of peripheral neuropathy in a group of HIV seropositive outpatients in São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Over a period of 17 months, 49 HIV+ patients where evaluated clinically. Laboratory analysis and electroneuromyography were requested to all patients. RESULTS: >Thirty four (69.4%) of the 49 patients had the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy established on clinical grounds. The most common sign was impairment (97.1%) of sensibility. Thirteen (33.3%) of the 39 that were subjected to electroneuromyography had features of peripheral neuropathy, being a sensitive-motor axonal neuropathy the most common. No abnormalities were found in the laboratory analysis performed in 42 patients, except in four who had VDRL positive. CONCLUSION: A peripheral neuropathy was frequently found upon clinical examination in our group of HIV positive individuals.

scholarly journals VITAMIN D AND HIV INFECTION: THE CORRELATION & NEED FOR EVALUATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Dr. Vandana Dabla ◽  
Dr. Ramesh Allam Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Background: India is the country with the third highest HIV disease burden globally. One of the most common long-term complications of HIV infection is bone diseases. There is prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and thus higher risk of fragility fractures among PLHIV. Further, many HIV-positive cohorts suggest Vitamin-D hypovitaminosis exposing to osteopenia/osteoporosis in this population. This detailed review would provide an insight on correlation of Vitamin-D hypovitaminosis and HIV infection. Material & Methods: A thorough review of published research studies and literature work was conducted. These studies were selected on the basis of data available on HIV seropositive population and Vitamin D in peer reviewed indexed journals.  Both prospective and retrospective studies with or without control groups and randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) reporting baseline vitamin D status in HIV seropositive patients were included. Results: We reviewed the association of vitamin D deficiency with HIV progression, mortality, and AIDS events, increased incidence and severity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a challenging metabolic condition in PLHIV. Further, the impact of antiretroviral drugs on vitamin D metabolism was studied. The effect of body index mass and non- and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors effects with hypovitaminosis D was further reviewed along with supplementation therapy of the vitamin and its effect in HIV positive population. Conclusion: The optimal levels of 1,25(OH)Vitamin D is necessary for regulation of calcium and phosphorus balance for bone mineralization and remodelling. Without its adequate level in bloodstream; dietary calcium cannot be absorbed and thus causes a low BMD.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection among HIV Patients in Khartoum State

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mahjoob MO
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Background: Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the opportunistic infections associated with significantly high morbidity and mortality among patients living with immunodeficiency syndrome. CMV has been reported to enhance HIV replication and accelerate the progre ssion of HIV infection to AIDS. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCMV among HIV patients in Khartoum State, Sudan, during the period April to July 2018. Methods: The study was carried out in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 9 2 HIV sero - positive cases were included. HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay. Results: Among 92 HIV positive samples, 91 (99%) were found positive for HCMV - IgG while 3 samples (3.2%) were positive for HCMV - I gM. Conclusion: In Sudan, the existence of HCMV in patients with HIV infection was confirmed by using ELISA. These findings indicate that CMV is hyper-endemic in HIV seropositive patients in Khartoum, Sudan.

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

SEM image sharpness analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. The industry requires that an automated instrument must be routinely capable of 5 nm resolution (or better) at 1.0 kV accelerating voltage for the measurement of nominal 0.25-0.35 micrometer semiconductor critical dimensions. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at this level on a day-by-day basis is an industry need and concern which has been the object of a study at NIST and the fundamentals and results are discussed in this paper.In scanning electron microscopy, two of the most important instrument parameters are the size and shape of the primary electron beam and any image taken in a scanning electron microscope is the result of the sample and electron probe interaction. The low frequency changes in the video signal, collected from the sample, contains information about the larger features and the high frequency changes carry information of finer details. The sharper the image, the larger the number of high frequency components making up that image. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of an SEM image can be employed to provide qualitiative and ultimately quantitative information regarding the SEM image quality.

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