D-9 in Situ Observation of the Martensitic Transformation of Individual Grains Using a High-Energy X-ray Microbeam

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
E. Jimenez-Melero ◽  
N. H. van Dijk ◽  
L. Zhao ◽  
J. Sietsma ◽  
S. E. Offerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Individual Grains

scholarly journals The In Situ Observation of Phase Transformations During Intercritical Annealing of a Medium Manganese Advanced High Strength Steel by High Energy X-Ray Diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Hu ◽  
Josh J. Mueller ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Emmanuel De Moor ◽  
John G. Speer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intercritical Annealing ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
X Ray

Microstructural changes during thermal processing of a medium manganese steel containing (in wt%) 0.19C and 4.39 Mn were evaluated in situ with a high energy X-ray diffraction system (HEXRD). Samples with an initial fully martensitic microstructure were heated to intercritical annealing (IA) temperatures of 600 or 650°C, held for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature. Diffraction data were analyzed to determine the variations in austenite and ferrite phase fractions and phase lattice constants throughout the ICA cycles. On heating, the 2 vol. pct of austenite present in the starting microstructure decomposed, and cementite precipitation then occurred. During isothermal holding, the austenite fraction increased, up to 20% for the sample annealed at 650°C. The measured austenite fractions were less than those calculated by Thermo-Calc for equilibrium conditions, indicating that the 30-min hold time was insufficient to achieve near-equilibrium conditions. Observed changes in lattice parameters during isothermal holding were interpreted to reflect composition changes due to redistribution of the C and Mn between austenite and ferrite. The results are discussed in relation to the potential for controlling austenite stability during ambient temperature deformation.

In Situ Analysis of Effects of Transformation Strain on the Austenite Phase during Martenistic Transformation of Cr-Ni Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 1255-1260
Author(s):  
Hidenori Terasaki ◽  
Zhang Shouyuan ◽  
Yu Ichi Komizo
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Transformation Strain ◽  
Observation System ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Space

A hybrid in-situ observation system has been developed to study the phase transformation behaviour simultaneously in both real and reciprocal lattice space. This paper presents the development of the observation system. Furthermore, as an example of the application of our developed system, martensitic transformation of Cr–Ni steel along a designed thermal cycle was in-situ tracked with the developed system. As a result of analysing the time-resolved X-ray diffraction data for the observed target, our system could directly detect the effect of transformation strain on austenite during martensitic transformation.

In Situ Observation of Polytype Switches during SiC PVT Bulk Growth by High Energy X-Ray Diffraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wellmann ◽  
Katja Konias ◽  
Philip Hens ◽  
Rainer Hock ◽  
Andreas Magerl
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bulk Growth ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Good Signal

This work reports on the in-situ observation of a polytype switch during physical vapor transport (PVT) growth of bulk SiC crystals by x-ray diffraction. A standard PVT reactor for 2” and 3” bulk growth was set up in a high-energy x-ray diffraction lab. Due to the high penetration depth of the high-energy x-ray beam no modification of the PVT reactor was necessary in order to measure Laue diffraction patterns of the growing crystal with good signal to noise ratio. We report for the first time upon the in-situ observation of polytype switching during SiC bulk PVT growth.

In Situ Observation of Solidification of Bulk Metallic Glass Forming Alloys from Supercooled Liquid by Using High Energy X-Ray Diffraction Combined with Levitation Techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1677-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Watanabe ◽  
Akitoshi Mizuno ◽  
Toshihiko Akimoto ◽  
Shinji Kohara
Keyword(s):  
Liquid State ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
High Energy ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Selection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Supercooled Liquid State

It is well known that multi-component alloys form bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) from the supercooled liquid state without rapid quenching. However, the mechanism of phase selection between crystal and glass states has not been fully clarified. To obtain an insight into the glass-forming processes, we carried out in-situ observation on the solidification of Zr-based BMG-forming alloys from its supercooled liquids by time-resolved X-ray diffraction combined with the conical nozzle levitation (CNL) technique to achieve a containerless melting. For Zr-based alloys, we succeeded in detecting the X-ray diffraction patterns during glass formation from the supercooled liquid state as well as the crystallization from the liquid state. Furthermore we performed the precise structure analysis of supercooled state of Zr-based binary liquids. Based on the liquid structure and in-situ observation results, we discussed about the phase selection mechanism between crystal and glass states.

In situ observation of the martensitic transformation in (Mg,Y)-PSZ

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
R-R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Applied Stresses ◽  
Kinetics Of

Partially-stabilized ZrO2 (PSZ) ceramics have considerable potential for advanced structural applications because of their high strength and toughness. These properties derive from small tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) precipitates in a cubic (c) ZrO2 matrix, which transform martensitically to monoclinic (m) symmetry under applied stresses. The kinetics of the martensitic transformation is believed to be nucleation controlled and the nucleation is always stress induced. In situ observation of the martensitic transformation using transmission electron microscopy provides considerable information about the nucleation and growth aspects of the transformation.

Strain Relaxation and In-Situ Observation of Voiding in Passivated Aluminum Alloy Lines.

1993 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Besser ◽  
Thomas N. Marieb ◽  
John C. Bravman
Keyword(s):  
Strain Relaxation ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Ray Geometry

ABSTRACTStrain relaxation in passivated Al-0.5% Cu lines was measured using X-ray diffraction coupled with in-situ observation of the formation and growth of stress induced voids. Samples of 1 μm thick Al-0.5% Cu lines passivated with Si3N4 were heated to 380ºC, then cooled and held at 150ºC. During the test, principal strains along the length, width, and height of the line were determined using a grazing incidence x-ray geometry. From these measurements the hydrostatic strain in the metal was calculated and strain relaxation was observed. The thermal cycle was duplicated in a high voltage scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with a backscattered electron detector. The 1.25 μm wide lines were seen to have initial stress voids. Upon heating these voids reduced in size until no longer observable. Once the samples were cooled to 150ºC, voids reappeared and grew. The measured strain relaxation is discussed in terms of void and θ-phase (Al2Cu) formation.

scholarly journals In-Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Study of Austenite Decomposition During Rapid Cooling and Isothermal Holding in Two HSLA Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1812-1825
Author(s):  
Sen Lin ◽  
Ulrika Borggren ◽  
Andreas Stark ◽  
Annika Borgenstam ◽  
Wangzhong Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Bainitic Transformation ◽  
Austenite Decomposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
X Ray

AbstractIn-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments with high temporal resolution during rapid cooling (280 °C s−1) and isothermal heat treatments (at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for 30 minutes) were performed to study austenite decomposition in two commercial high-strength low-alloy steels. The rapid phase transformations occurring in these types of steels are investigated for the first time in-situ, aiding a detailed analysis of the austenite decomposition kinetics. For the low hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.7Mn-0.403Si-0.303Cr in weight percent, austenite decomposition to polygonal ferrite and bainite occurs already during the initial cooling. However, for the high hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.79Mn-0.182Si-0.757Cr-0.094Mo in weight percent, the austenite decomposition kinetics is retarded, chiefly by the Mo addition, and therefore mainly bainitic transformation occurs during isothermal holding; the bainitic transformation rate at the isothermal holding is clearly enhanced by lowered temperature from 550 °C to 500 °C and 450 °C. During prolonged isothermal holding, carbide formation leads to decreased austenite carbon content and promotes continued bainitic ferrite formation. Moreover, at prolonged isothermal holding at higher temperatures some degenerate pearlite form.

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