Posttranslational protein modifications, with special attention to collagen and elastin

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gallop ◽  
M. A. Paz
Keyword(s):  
Careful Examination ◽  
Transformed Cells ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Donor Age ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Human Diploid Fibroblast ◽  
Passage Level ◽  
Hydroxylation Index ◽  
Made In

It is apparent that significant progress has been made in our understanding of the biosynthesis, modifications, and maturation of collagen and elastin. We now recognize and partially understand special reactions involved in hydroxylations within the cell and complex cross-linking processes occurring outside the cell. Recent experiments (191) have shown that in human diploid fibroblast cultures of limited doubling potential (191) the hydroxylation of collagen prolyl residues appears to be "age" or passage-level dependent. With increasing passage level of these cultures, both the ascorbate requirements and the extent of collagen hydroxylation decrease. "Young" cell cultures have a strong requirement for complete hydroxylation and without ascorbate there is only about 50% of the normal level. "Middle-aged" cultures show higher hydroxylation without and full hydroxylation with ascorbate, whereas "old" (or cultures close to "senescence") are incapable of full hydroxylation with or without ascorbic acid. Although the overall system may show some deterioration with increasing passage levels, it appears that with increasing passage levels other components in the cell replace the ascorbate dependence of the hydroxylase system to a greater exten. In some ways, aging WI-38 cultures begin to resemble some transformed cells in their biochemical reactions, although they continue to remain diploid and eventually lose the ability to replicate. It is not yet known whether old animals can produce collagen, which may now be underhydroxylated, perhaps contributing to certain senescent changes. Careful examination of the hydroxylation index of collagen produced in organoid cultures of tissue biopsies as a function of donor age might be informative, particularly if one looks at the quality of collagen by employing collagenase and other proteolytic digests with collagen (191). One could comare the levels of frequent and characteristic peptide triplet sequences such as Gly-Pro-Hyp to Gly-Pro-Pro, Gly-Ala-Hyp to Gly-Ala-Pro, or Gly-Pro-Hyl to Gly-Pro-Lys and others for evaluation of hydroxylation throughout the entire molecule or at selected sequences.

scholarly journals Bioinspired Photo-Crosslinkable Self-Assembling Peptide with pH-Switchable “On−Off” Luminescence.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Pugliese ◽  
Monica Montuori ◽  
Fabrizio Gelain
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in the peptides self-assembly over the past two decades, however the in situ cross-linking of self-assembling peptides yielding to better performing nanomaterials is still in...

scholarly journals Securing Quality in the Mixed Economy of Care: Difficulties in Regulating Training

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Balloch ◽  
Laura Banks ◽  
Michael Hill
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Good Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This study explores issues about securing quality of provision in social care using evidence from research into training in the adult care sector in two English local authorities. It shows that progress towards securing a trained workforce is slow and explores reasons for this. It argues that since the government is making particular efforts to increase training in this sector, these data provide a good test case of the problems about using regulation to raise care standards. It concludes that significant progress is unlikely to be made in respect of training unless the impact of other factors, such as the occupational segregation of the workforce and contracting out, are also taken into account.

scholarly journals Predicting the Quality of Meat: Myth or Reality?

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Berri ◽  
Brigitte Picard ◽  
Bénédicte Lebret ◽  
Donato Andueza ◽  
Florence Lefèvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Made In

This review is aimed at providing an overview of recent advances made in the field of meat quality prediction, particularly in Europe. The different methods used in research labs or by the production sectors for the development of equations and tools based on different types of biological (genomic or phenotypic) or physical (spectroscopy) markers are discussed. Through the various examples, it appears that although biological markers have been identified, quality parameters go through a complex determinism process. This makes the development of generic molecular tests even more difficult. However, in recent years, progress in the development of predictive tools has benefited from technological breakthroughs in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Concerning spectroscopy, the most significant progress was achieved using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the composition and nutritional value of meats. However, predicting the functional properties of meats using this method—mainly, the sensorial quality—is more difficult. Finally, the example of the MSA (Meat Standards Australia) phenotypic model, which predicts the eating quality of beef based on a combination of upstream and downstream data, is described. Its benefit for the beef industry has been extensively demonstrated in Australia, and its generic performance has already been proven in several countries.

scholarly journals Determining The Metallicity of Cepheid Stars in The SMC, LMC and The Galaxy

2004 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
Marta Mottini ◽  
Francesca Primas ◽  
Martino Romaniello ◽  
Martin Groenewegen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Alpha Iron ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Extragalactic Distance Scale ◽  
Distance Indicators ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation is unquestionably one of the most powerful tools at our disposal for determining the extragalactic distance scale. While significant progress has been made in the past few years towards its understanding and characterisation, both on the observational (e.g. the HST Key Project) and theoretical (e.g. non-linear pulsation models, non-LTE atmospheres etc.) sides, the debate on the influence that chemical composition may have on the Period-Luminosity relation is still unsettled. Current estimates lead to differences in the distance as large as 15%, effectively limiting the accuracy of Cepheids as distance indicators. To further tackle this problem, we have obtained high resolution spectra of a large sample of Cepheids in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. The superb quality of the data allow us to probe the detailed effects of chemical composition (alpha, iron-group, and heavy elements) over more than a factor of ten in metallicity. Here, we present the first preliminary results of the analysis of iron abundances in a sub-sample of Cepheids.

High-Pressure Powder Diffraction Using an Image-Plate Area Detector

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 419-432
Author(s):  
Richard J. Nelmes ◽  
Malcolm I. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Plate Area ◽  
Made In

Modern synchrotron sources, and recent developments in experimental techniques, are allowing significant: progress to be made at present in the quality of crystal-structure infonnation at high pressure. Though there are exciting prospects for single-crystal work, especially using Laue techniques, most of the recent advances have been made in powder diffraction. In any case, high-pressure diffraction studies often require powder techniques because single crystals fail to survive the large density changes that accompany many pressure-induced phase transitions. In this paper, we focus on angle-dispersive (AD) powder diffraction on synchrotron sources.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

Toward quantitative defect analysis using HREM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 714-715
Author(s):  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Large Unit Cell ◽  
Made In

The electron microscope has evolved to the level where it is now straightforward to record highresolution images from thin samples (t∼10 to 20nm) that are directly interpretable in terms of atomic arrangements. Whilst recorded images necessarily represent two-dimensional projections of the structure, many defects such as dislocations and interfaces may be linear or planar in nature and thus might be expected to be amenable to detailed characterization. In this review, we briefly consider the recent significant progress that has been made in quantitative defect analysis using the high-resolution electron microscope and then discuss some drawbacks to the technique as well as potential scope for further improvements. Surveys of defect modelling for some small-unit-cell materials and interfaces have recently been published, and reference should be made to other papers in this symposium for further examples.The technique of structure imaging originated in the early '70s with observations of large-unit-cell block oxides.

Reuse of Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry Pilot and Full Scale Applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eroǧlu ◽  
A. M. Saatçi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Made In

Recent advances made in the reuse of pulp and paper industry sludges in hardboard production are explained. Data obtained from pilot and full-scale plants using primary sludge of a pulp and paper industry as an additive in the production of hardboard is presented. An economic analysis of the reuse of pulp and paper primary sludge in hardboard manufacturing is given. The quality of the hardboard produced is tested and compared with the qualities of the hardboard produced by the same plant before the addition of primary sludge. The hardboard with primary sludge additive has been used in Turkey for about a year in the manufacturing of office and home furniture. The results are very satisfactory when the primary sludge is used at 1/4 ratio.

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer - Current Concepts, Future Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Tomasz Mackiewicz ◽  
Aleksander Sowa ◽  
Jakub Fichna
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Sporadic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Histological Testing ◽  
Made In

: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remains a critical complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) with mortality of approximately 15%, which makes early CAC diagnosis crucial. The current standard of surveillance, with repetitive colonoscopies and histological testing of biopsied mucosa samples is burdensome and expensive, and therefore less invasive methods and reliable biomarkers are needed. Significant progress has been made thanks to continuous extensive research in this field, however no clinically relevant biomarker has been established so far. This review of the current literature presents the genetic and molecular differences between CAC and sporadic colorectal cancer and covers progress made in the early detection of CAC carcinogenesis. It focuses on biomarkers under development, which can be easily tested in samples of body fluids or breath and, once made clinically available, will help to differentiate between progressors (UC patients who will develop dysplasia) from non-progressors and enable early intervention to decrease the risk of cancer development.

scholarly journals H3ABioNet genomic medicine and microbiome data portals hackathon proceedings

Database ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal M Fadlelmola ◽  
Kais Ghedira ◽  
Yosr Hamdi ◽  
Mariem Hanachi ◽  
Fouzia Radouani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Made In

Abstract African genomic medicine and microbiome datasets are usually not well characterized in terms of their origin, making it difficult to find and extract data for specific African ethnic groups or even countries. The Pan-African H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) recognized the need for developing data portals for African genomic medicine and African microbiomes to address this and ran a hackathon to initiate their development. The two portals were designed and significant progress was made in their development during the hackathon. All the participants worked in a very synergistic and collaborative atmosphere in order to achieve the hackathon's goals. The participants were divided into content and technical teams and worked over a period of 6 days. In response to one of the survey questions of what the participants liked the most during the hackathon, 55% of the hackathon participants highlighted the familial and friendly atmosphere, the team work and the diversity of team members and their expertise. This paper describes the preparations for the portals hackathon and the interaction between the participants and reflects upon the lessons learned about its impact on successfully developing the two data portals as well as building scientific expertise of younger African researchers. Database URL: The code for developing the two portals was made publicly available in GitHub repositories: [https://github.com/codemeleon/Database; https://github.com/codemeleon/AfricanMicrobiomePortal].

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