Progesterone receptor-dependent regulation of genes in the oviducts of female mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Akison ◽  
Michael J. Boden ◽  
David J. Kennaway ◽  
Darryl L. Russell ◽  
Rebecca L. Robker
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Embryo Transport ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Oviducts play a critical role in gamete and embryo transport, as well as supporting early embryo development. Progesterone receptor (PGR) is a transcription factor highly expressed in oviductal cells, while its activating ligand, progesterone, surges to peak levels as ovulation approaches. Progesterone is known to regulate oviduct cilia beating and muscular contractions in vitro, but how PGR may mediate this in vivo is poorly understood. We used PGR null mice to identify genes potentially regulated by PGR in the oviducts during the periovulatory period. Histologically, oviducts from PGR null mice showed no gross structural or morphological defects compared with normal littermates. However, microarray analysis of oviducts at 8 h posthuman chorionic gonadotropin revealed >1,000 PGR-dependent genes. Using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we selected 10 genes for validation based on their potential roles in oocyte/embryo transport and support. Eight genes were confirmed to be downregulated ( Adamts1, Itga8, Edn3, Prlr, Ptgfr, Des, Myocd, and Actg2) and one upregulated ( Agtr2) in PGR null oviducts. Expression of these genes was also assessed in oviducts of naturally cycling mice during ovulation and day 1 and day 4 of pregnancy. Adamts1, Itga8, Edn3, Prlr, and Ptgfr were significantly upregulated in oviducts at ovulation/mating. However, most genes showed basal levels of expression at other times. The exceptions were Prlr and Ptgfr, which showed pulsatile increases on day 1 and/or day 4 of pregnancy. This is the first, comprehensive study to elucidate putative PGR-regulated genes in the oviduct and reveals key downstream targets potentially mediating oocyte and embryo transport.

scholarly journals Διερεύνηση του ρόλου των αδρενεργικών και ντοπαμινεργικών συστημάτων στη ρύθμιση των κυτοχρωμάτων CYP3A1/2, CYP2C11 και CYP2D1/2

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευάγγελος-Παναγιώτης Δασκαλόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Τα ηπατικά κυτοχρώματα CYPs (P450s) είναι μια μεγάλη υπερ-οικογένεια πρωτεϊνών, οι οποίες εντοπίζονται σε όλους τους ζωντανούς οργανισμούς. Η σημασία τους είναι τεράστια, αφού μεταβολίζουν μια τεράστια ποικιλία ενδογενών ουσιών αλλά και ξενοβιοτικών. Οι πιο σημαντικές υποοικογένειες κυτοχρωμάτων CYP είναι η CYP3A, η CYP2C και η CYP2D, εξαιτίας του ρόλου τους στο μεταβολισμό της πλειονότητας των πιο συχνά συνταγογραφούμενων φαρμάκων. Η γνώση όσον αφορά τους παράγοντες, που μπορούν να προκαλέσουν επαγωγή ή αναστολή των κυτοχρωμάτων CYP είναι εξαιρετικής σημασίας, αφού κάθε μεταβολή στην έκφραση και την δραστικότητά τους μπορεί να έχει σοβαρότατες συνέπειες στην αποτελεσματικότητα της φαρμακευτικής αγωγής αλλά και στην φαρμακοτοξικότητα. Η αναστολή των ηπατικών CYPs μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε αυξημένα επίπεδα ενός φαρμάκου-υποστρώματος στο πλάσμα και στην ανάπτυξη τοξικών εκδηλώσεων. Αντίθετα, η επαγωγή των CYPs μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε μειωμένη αποτελεσματικότητα ή ακόμη και πλήρη αποτυχία της φαρμακοθεραπείας. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση στον επίμυ της επίδρασης του στρες στη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των πιο σημαντικών για τον μεταβολισμό φαρμάκων κυτοχρωμάτων, των CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D. Επίσης, διερευνήθηκε ο ρόλος των αδρενεργικών υποδοχέων, των γλυκοκορτικοειδών καθώς και των μονοπατιών μεταγωγής σήματος (cAMP/PKA, JNK, GH/STAT5b) στη ρύθμιση των ανωτέρω κυτοχρωμάτων. Μελετήθηκε επίσης, ο ρόλος των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων στη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των CYP γονιδίων καθώς και η συμμετοχή του μονοπατιού μεταγωγής σήματος PI3K/Akt/FoxO1, αλλά και του μεταγραφικού παράγοντα STAT5b. Για την ερευνητική προσέγγιση αυτών των θεμάτων, έγιναν τόσο in vivo πειράματα με ενήλικες αρσενικούς επίμυες, όσο και in vitro πειράματα με καλλιέργειες πρωτογενών ηπατοκυττάρων, που απομονώθηκαν από το ήπαρ επιμύων. Οι μέθοδοι, οι οποίες χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συμπεριλαμβάνουν την Υγρή Χρωματογραφία Υψηλής Απόδοσης (HPLC) για την μέτρηση την ενζυμικής δραστικότητας των υπό μελέτην CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D, την ανοσοαποτύπωση κατά Western για την εκτίμηση των μεταβολών σε επίπεδο αποπρωτεΐνης, καθώς και την μέθοδο real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, q-PCR) για την ποσοτική εκτίμηση των επιπέδων mRNA των ανωτέρω CYP γονιδίων. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της μελέτης κατέδειξαν ότι το ψυχολογικό στρες είναι ένας παράγοντας τεράστιας σημασίας για τη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των CYPs. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το στρες της μητρικής αποστέρησης, στο οποίο εκτέθηκαν οι επίμυες σε πολύ μικρή ηλικία προκάλεσε την αύξηση της έκφρασης των CYP3A1/2 και CYP2C11, ενώ το CYP2D δεν επηρεάστηκε σημαντικά. Αντιθέτως, το στρες περιορισμού προκάλεσε σημαντικές μεταβολές στην έκφραση του CYP3A2, του CYP2D και μικρότερες μεταβολές στο CYP2A. Επιπροσθέτως, επιβεβαιώθηκε η επαγωγική δράση των γλυκοκορτικοειδών στο CYP3A και η κατασταλτική τους δράση στο CYP2C. Σημαντικά ευρήματα μετά από in vivo και in vitro πειράματα, τα οποία επικεντρώθηκαν στη μελέτη των αδρενεργικών μονοπατιών φανέρωσαν ότι τα μονοπάτια cAMP/PKA, JNK και του άξονα GH/STAT5b διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στον έλεγχο της ρύθμισης της έκφρασης των CYPs. Η συμμετοχή των πυρηνικών υποδοχέων PXR, RXR και HNF4α φαίνεται να είναι σημαντική στις μεταβολές που παρατηρήθηκαν στην έκφραση αυτών των CYPs. Eπιπλέον, η αναστολή των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων in vivo, οδήγησε σε μεγάλη καταστολή των CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D. Αντιθέτως, αναστολή των ηπατικών D2-υποδοχέων in vitro, οδήγησε σε επαγωγή αυτών των CYPs. Αυτό το εύρημα οδήγησε στην υπόθεση ότι η ινσουλίνη πιθανόν διαδραματίζει στρατηγικής σημασίας ρόλο στον έλεγχο της ρύθμισης της έκφρασης των CYPs, αφού αποδείχθηκε ότι η αναστολή in vivο των D2-υποδοχέων ενεργοποιεί το ινσουλινοεξαρτώμενο μονοπάτι PI3K/Akt, ενώ περαιτέρω έρευνες έδειξαν τον FoxO1 ως τελικό μεταγραφικό παράγοντα ρύθμισης. Παράλληλα, ο άξονας GH/STAT5b φαίνεται να παίζει επίσης πολύ σημαντικό ρυθμιστικό ρόλο και στην περίπτωση των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών μονοπατιών. Συμπερασματικά, η μελέτη αυτή έδειξε ότι το στρες, τα γλυκοκορτικοειδή και αγωνιστές αδρενεργικών υποδοχέων αποτελούν παράγοντες, που πρέπει πάντα να λαμβάνονται υπόψιν πριν τη συνταγογράφηση σε ασθενείς. Επιπλέον, η μελέτη αυτή κατέδειξε για πρώτη φορά την επίδραση των παγκρεατικών D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων και του μονοπατιού PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 στη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D. Διαπιστώθηκε επίσης, η συμμετοχή της GH, της PRL και των θυρεοειδικών ορμονών στις μεταβολές που προκάλεσαν οι φαρμακολογικοί χειρισμοί των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων.

scholarly journals Polymerase chain reaction-based discrimination of viable from non-viable Mycoplasma gallisepticum

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Giap Tan ◽  
Aini Ideris ◽  
Abdul R. Omar ◽  
Chen Pei Yii ◽  
Stanley H. Kleven
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The present study was based on the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the 16S ribosomal nucleic acid (rRNA) of Mycoplasma for detection of viable Mycoplasma gallisepticum. To determine the stability of M. gallisepticum 16S rRNA in vitro, three inactivation methods were used and the suspensions were stored at different temperatures. The 16S rRNA of M. gallisepticum was detected up to approximately 20–25 h at 37 °C, 22–25 h at 16 °C, and 23–27 h at 4 °C. The test, therefore, could detect viable or recently dead M. gallisepticum (< 20 h). The RT-PCR method was applied during an in vivo study of drug efficacy under experimental conditions, where commercial broiler-breeder eggs were inoculated with M. gallisepticum into the yolk. Hatched chicks that had been inoculated in ovo were treated with Macrolide 1. The method was then applied in a flock of day 0 chicks with naturally acquired vertical transmission of M. gallisepticum, treated with Macrolide 2. Swabs of the respiratory tract were obtained for PCR and RT-PCR evaluations to determine the viability of M. gallisepticum. This study proved that the combination of both PCR and RT-PCR enables detection and differentiation of viable from non-viable M. gallisepticum.

Vasodilation in human subcutaneous arteries induced by neuropeptide Y is mediated by neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors and is nitric oxide dependent

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nilsson ◽  
H Lind ◽  
J Brunkvall ◽  
L Edvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Y1 Receptors ◽  
Potent Vasoconstrictor ◽  
Concentration Response Curve

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known as a potent vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels both in vivo and in vitro. There have been reports suggesting that NPY also has a dilatory effect. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether NPY dilates small human subcutaneous arteries. Subcutaneous arteries, obtained from patients undergoing abdominal surgery, were mounted in in vitro tissue baths, and the vascular responses to NPY were investigated. The presence of mRNA encoding the human NPY Y1 receptor in endothelial cells from human umbilical veins was studied by the use of reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In arteries precontracted with the prostaglandin analogue U46619, NPY induced a concentration-dependent vasodilation (Emax 30 ± 10% of the U46619-induced contraction), which was significantly inhibited by the NPY Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP3226 (1 µM), causing a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve, pEC50 7.1 ± 0.3 vs. 7.7 ± 0.3 for NPY alone. After pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 µM), the dilation was abolished (Emax 6 ± 5% of the U46619-induced contraction). mRNA encoding the human NPY Y1 receptor was detected in endothelial cells from human umbilical veins. It was concluded that NPY induces vasodilation in human subcutaneous arteries. The dilation is mediated via the NPY Y1 receptor and is dependent on nitric oxide.Key words: vasodilation, neuropeptide Y, BIBP3226, nitric oxide, human.

scholarly journals Isolation and Cloning of Tropomyosin and Arginine Kinase from Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon and Blue Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Zailatul Hani Mohamad Yadzir ◽  
Brenda Leecyous ◽  
Amelia Suhana Zamri
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Kinase ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tiger Prawn ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Allergen Extracts

Shellfish is an important source of food and plays a significant role in human nutrition and health. However, shellfish allergy is a long-lasting disorder which mostly persists throughout life and is often associated with severe reactions [1]. Among the various consumed shellfish, prawns and crabs are the most widely consumed and can lead to the most severe reactions. At present, allergies to shellfish are diagnosed similarly to other food allergies. The diagnosis relies upon careful evaluation of history, the presence of appropriate clinical signs and confirmation with in vivo or in vitro tests to demonstrate the presence of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) [2]. However, both in vivo or in vitro diagnostic approaches are mainly based on the use of crude allergen extracts. Crude allergen extracts are obtained from biological sources and consist of mixture of allergenic components with high amounts of undesirable products that can interfere with diagnosis. In many cases, only few of the several proteins found in crude allergen extracts act as the essential allergens in the majority of patients that are allergic to the substance. The most important ones are called major allergens. Problems associated with using crude allergen extracts for allergy diagnosis may be overcome with recombinant allergens. Recombinant allergens with high purity can be produced by using controlled production procedures that yield defined molecules with known molecular, immunologic and biological characteristics [1]. Tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, are among the widely consumed shellfish in Malaysia. Our earlier study involving 131 atopic patients in Allergy Clinic, Kuala Lumpur Hospital demonstrated that patients in Malaysia suffering from allergic responses to shellfish including tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Amongst the shellfish extracts tested, prawn elicited the highest frequency of positive reactivity in 39% of the patients. Further, crab was the second most common shellfish to elicit a positive reaction in 24% of the patients [3]. Our first phase study has successfully identified tropomyosin and arginine kinase as the major allergens in both species of shellfish. However, more information about the individual allergenic species-specific components is needed. Therefore, we continued our study to isolate and clone the tropomyosin and arginine kinase from these two species of shellfish, tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Tropomyosin and arginine kinase were isolated from the total RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) obtained from both prawn and crab muscles followed by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction). The RT-PCR products were then cloned into the cloning vector, pJET 1.2 and transformed into Escherichia coli host. Transformants were screened for positive clones by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) colony and sequenced. The 855 bp tropomyosins have been isolated and sequenced from both prawn and crab. Arginine kinases isolated and sequenced from prawn and crab were 1071 bp and 1074 bp, respectively (Figure 1). The GenBank BLAST search for the sequences showed high homology to the targeted proteins as shown in Table 1. Tropomyosin is a 34 to 38 kDa heat-stable protein that belongs to a highly conserved family of actin filament binding proteins, which plays a functional role in contractile activities in muscle cells [4]. Arginine kinase is a 40 to 42 kDa heat-labile protein that plays an important role in regenerating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during bursts of cellular activity [5]. Tropomyosin and arginine kinase from the prawn and crab have been isolated and the full-length sequences were obtained. Current ongoing study focuses on sub-cloning and full-length expression of tropomyosin and arginine kinase in order to produce respective recombinant proteins, and subsequently investigate their physicochemical and allergenic characteristics.

Endothelial progenitor cell–derived microvesicles activate an angiogenic program in endothelial cells by a horizontal transfer of mRNA

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 2440-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Deregibus ◽  
Vincenzo Cantaluppi ◽  
Raffaele Calogero ◽  
Marco Lo Iacono ◽  
Ciro Tetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Angiogenic Effect ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs) are released from the cell surface and are implicated in cell-to-cell communication. We evaluated whether MVs derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are able to trigger angiogenesis. We found that EPC-derived MVs were incorporated in endothelial cells by interaction with α4 and β1 integrins expressed on the MV surface. In vitro, MVs promoted endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and organization in capillary-like structures. In vivo, in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, MV-stimulated human endothelial cells organized in patent vessels. When incubated with RNase, despite their internalization into endothelial cells, MVs failed to induce in vitro and in vivo angiogenic effects. mRNA transfer was shown by transduction of GFP protein in endothelial cells by MVs containing GFP-mRNA and the biologic relevance by the angiogenic effect of MV-mRNA extract delivered by lipofectamine. Microarray ana-lysis and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of MV-mRNA extract indicated that MVs were shuttling a specific subset of cellular mRNA, such as mRNA associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Protein expression and functional studies showed that PI3K and eNOS play a critical role in the angiogenic effect of MVs. These results suggest that EPCs may activate angiogenesis in endothelial cells by releasing MVs able to trigger an angiogenic program.

scholarly journals RNF141 interacts with KRAS to promote colorectal cancer progression

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuna Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Jiang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Shiying Dou ◽  
Xiaoli Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

AbstractRING finger proteins (RNFs) play a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. RNF141 is a member of RNFs family; however, its clinical significance, roles, and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression of RNF141 in 64 pairs of CRC and adjacent normal tissues by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. We found that there was more expression of RNF141 in CRC tissue compared with its adjacent normal tissue and high RNF141 expression associated with T stage. In vivo and in vitro functional experiments were conducted and revealed the oncogenic role of RNF141 in CRC. RNF141 knockdown suppressed proliferation, arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, inhibited migration, invasion and HUVEC tube formation but promoted apoptosis, whereas RNF141 overexpression exerted the opposite effects in CRC cells. The subcutaneous xenograft models showed that RNF141 knockdown reduced tumor growth, but its overexpression promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated RNF141 interacted with KRAS, which was confirmed by Co-immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence assay. Further analysis with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays showed that RNF141 could directly bind to KRAS. Importantly, the upregulation of RNF141 increased GTP-bound KRAS, but its knockdown resulted in a reduction accordingly. Next, we demonstrated that RNF141 induced KRAS activation via increasing its enrichment on the plasma membrane not altering total KRAS expression, which was facilitated by the interaction with LYPLA1. Moreover, KRAS silencing partially abolished the effect of RNF141 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, our findings presented that RNF141 functioned as an oncogene by upregulating KRAS activity in a manner of promoting KRAS enrichment on the plasma membrane in CRC.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles for Ion Channels in Ovarian Cancer: Pathomechanisms and Pharmacological Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Concetta Altamura ◽  
Maria Raffaella Greco ◽  
Maria Rosaria Carratù ◽  
Rosa Angela Cardone ◽  
Jean-François Desaphy
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Channels ◽  
Platinum Resistance

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, due to late diagnosis, development of platinum resistance, and inadequate alternative therapy. It has been demonstrated that membrane ion channels play important roles in cancer processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. Here, we review the contribution of ion channels in the development and progression of OC, evaluating their potential in clinical management. Increased expression of voltage-gated and epithelial sodium channels has been detected in OC cells and tissues and shown to be involved in cancer proliferation and invasion. Potassium and calcium channels have been found to play a critical role in the control of cell cycle and in the resistance to apoptosis, promoting tumor growth and recurrence. Overexpression of chloride and transient receptor potential channels was found both in vitro and in vivo, supporting their contribution to OC. Furthermore, ion channels have been shown to influence the sensitivity of OC cells to neoplastic drugs, suggesting a critical role in chemotherapy resistance. The study of ion channels expression and function in OC can improve our understanding of pathophysiology and pave the way for identifying ion channels as potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Loss of ferroportin induces memory impairment by promoting ferroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Dai Bao ◽  
Pei Pang ◽  
Xiao-Ting Zhou ◽  
Fan Hu ◽  
Wan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intracellular Iron

AbstractIron homeostasis disturbance has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and excess iron exacerbates oxidative damage and cognitive defects. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death dependent upon intracellular iron. However, the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD remains elusive. Here, we report that ferroportin1 (Fpn), the only identified mammalian nonheme iron exporter, was downregulated in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as an Alzheimer’s mouse model and Alzheimer’s patients. Genetic deletion of Fpn in principal neurons of the neocortex and hippocampus by breeding Fpnfl/fl mice with NEX-Cre mice led to AD-like hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Interestingly, the canonical morphological and molecular characteristics of ferroptosis were observed in both Fpnfl/fl/NEXcre and AD mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of ferroptosis-related RNA-seq data showed that the differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in gene sets associated with AD. Furthermore, administration of specific inhibitors of ferroptosis effectively reduced the neuronal death and memory impairments induced by Aβ aggregation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, restoring Fpn ameliorated ferroptosis and memory impairment in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Our study demonstrates the critical role of Fpn and ferroptosis in the progression of AD, thus provides promising therapeutic approaches for this disease.

Comparative Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Contaminant of Live Poultry Vaccines

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
Emiliana Falcone ◽  
Edoardo Vignolo ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
Maria Tollis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for identifying avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry vaccines, and the serological response to IBV induced by the inoculation of chicks with a Newcastle disease vaccine spiked with the Massachusetts strain of IBV, were compared for their ability to detect IBV as a contaminant of avian vaccines. The sensitivity of the IBV-RT-PCR assay provided results which were at least equivalent to the biological effect produced by the inoculation of chicks, allowing this assay to be considered a valid alternative to animal testing in the quality control of avian immunologicals. This procedure can easily be adapted to detect a number of contaminants for which the in vivo test still represents the only available method of detection.

scholarly journals The role of the PZP domain of AF10 in acute leukemia driven by AF10 translocations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna J. Klein ◽  
Anagha Deshpande ◽  
Khan L. Cox ◽  
Fan Xuan ◽  
Mohamad Zandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Nucleosome Core ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Transforming Activity

AbstractChromosomal translocations of the AF10 (or MLLT10) gene are frequently found in acute leukemias. Here, we show that the PZP domain of AF10 (AF10PZP), which is consistently impaired or deleted in leukemogenic AF10 translocations, plays a critical role in blocking malignant transformation. Incorporation of functional AF10PZP into the leukemogenic CALM-AF10 fusion prevents the transforming activity of the fusion in bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo and abrogates CALM-AF10-mediated leukemogenesis in vivo. Crystallographic, biochemical and mutagenesis studies reveal that AF10PZP binds to the nucleosome core particle through multivalent contacts with the histone H3 tail and DNA and associates with chromatin in cells, colocalizing with active methylation marks and discriminating against the repressive H3K27me3 mark. AF10PZP promotes nuclear localization of CALM-AF10 and is required for association with chromatin. Our data indicate that the disruption of AF10PZP function in the CALM-AF10 fusion directly leads to transformation, whereas the inclusion of AF10PZP downregulates Hoxa genes and reverses cellular transformation. Our findings highlight the molecular mechanism by which AF10 targets chromatin and suggest a model for the AF10PZP-dependent CALM-AF10-mediated leukemogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document