Differences and Similarities: The Richness of Comparative Sperm Physiology

Physiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Darszon ◽  
Takuya Nishigaki ◽  
Ignacio López-González ◽  
Pablo E. Visconti ◽  
Claudia L. Treviño
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Species Preservation ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Species preservation depends on the success of fertilization. Sperm are uniquely equipped to fulfill this task, and, although several mechanisms are conserved among species, striking functional differences have evolved to contend with particular sperm-egg environmental characteristics. This review highlights similarities and differences in sperm strategies, with examples within internal and external fertilizers, pointing out unresolved issues.

scholarly journals Medullary and cortical thick ascending limb: similarities and differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. F422-F442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Bankir ◽  
Lucile Figueres ◽  
Caroline Prot-Bertoye ◽  
Nadine Bouby ◽  
Gilles Crambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Cation Homeostasis ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TAL) is the first segment of the distal nephron, extending through the whole outer medulla and cortex, two regions with different composition of the peritubular environment. The TAL plays a critical role in the control of NaCl, water, acid, and divalent cation homeostasis, as illustrated by the consequences of the various monogenic diseases that affect the TAL. It delivers tubular fluid to the distal convoluted tubule and thereby affects the function of the downstream tubular segments. The TAL is commonly considered as a whole. However, many structural and functional differences exist between its medullary and cortical parts. The present review summarizes the available data regarding the similarities and differences between the medullary and cortical parts of the TAL. Both subsegments reabsorb NaCl and have high Na+-K+-ATPase activity and negligible water permeability; however, they express distinct isoforms of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter at the apical membrane. Ammonia and bicarbonate are mostly reabsorbed in the medullary TAL, whereas Ca2+ and Mg2+ are mostly reabsorbed in the cortical TAL. The peptidic hormone receptors controlling transport in the TAL are not homogeneously expressed along the cortical and medullary TAL. Besides this axial heterogeneity, structural and functional differences are also apparent between species, which underscores the link between properties and role of the TAL under various environments.

scholarly journals Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test untuk Perbandingan Karakteristik Lingkungan dan Sumber Daya Provinsi-Provinsi di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Bunga Mardhotillah ◽  
Syamsyida Rozi ◽  
Zuli Rodhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Post Hoc

  Environmental Characteristics has several components, including the quality of the Environment and Environmental Resources which consist of mineral resources, energy resources, land, land resources, biological resources, and water resources. The provinces in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, dan Sulawesi still rely on natural resources for their economic growth. Environmental Quality can be measured by various indices, some of which are the Air Quality Index and the Water Quality Index. One of the problems in the National Economic Recovery during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period is the unavailability of studies and research related to similarities and differences in environmental characteristics to identify provinces that have the potential to prioritize the distribution of Funds/Budgets from the Central Government. Knowing the Similarities and Differences in Characteristics is also needed in determining the Destination Areas for comparative studies from one province to another. For this reason, it is necessary to recommend environmental sector policies as material for the preparation of regulations and the use of appropriate technology in overcoming environmental problems. Analysis of Variance Comparison of Environmental Characteristics and Resources of the Provinces on the four Big Islands in Indonesia shows a significant F - Statistics value, so a Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test is needed to recommend Priority Provinces based on similarities and differences in characteristics in the context of Strengthening the Environmental Sector, as well as recommendations for similarities between regions as a material for consideration for comparative studies between Regional / Provincial Governments.  

An ultrastructural analysis of the sympathetic innervation of the rabbit ear artery and middle cerebral artery and their branches

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 934-935
Author(s):  
John T. Dodge ◽  
John A. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Rabbit Ear Artery ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Ear Artery ◽  
Rabbit Ear ◽  
Vascular Beds

Unlike many peripheral vascular beds, the sympathetic nervous system exerts little control on cerebral blood flow. The contractile response of isolated rabbit middle cerebral artery (MCA) segments to electrical field stimulation of its intramural nerves is less than in a similar-sized artery from the ear. This study was undertaken to characterize and compare the perivascular neuromuscular relationships and innervation density of similar-sized arteries varying in diameter from these two different regional arterial beds to see if there were structural correlates for these functional differences.

A morphological and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigation of separator-grade cellophane

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
Michael E. Rock ◽  
Vern Kennedy ◽  
Bhaskar Deodhar ◽  
Thomas G. Stoebe
Keyword(s):  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Battery System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Separator Material ◽  
Underwater Target

Cellophane is a composite polymer material, made up of regenerated cellulose (usually derived from wood pulp) which has been chemically transformed into "viscose", then formed into a (1 mil thickness) transparent sheet through an extrusion process. Although primarily produced for the food industry, cellophane's use as a separator material in the silver-zinc secondary battery system has proved to be another important market. We examined 14 samples from five producers of cellophane, which are being evaluated as the separator material for a silver/zinc alkaline battery system in an autonomous underwater target vehicle. Our intent was to identify structural and/or chemical differences between samples which could be related to the functional differences seen in the lifetimes of these various battery separators. The unused cellophane samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Cellophane samples were cross sectioned (125-150 nm) using a diamond knife on a RMC MT-6000 ultramicrotome. Sections were examined in a Philips 430-T TEM at 200 kV. Analysis included morphological characterization, and EDS (for chemical composition). EDS was performed using an EDAX windowless detector.

Orosensory Perception, Speech Production, and Deafness

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo E. Bishop ◽  
Robert L. Ringel ◽  
Arthur S. House
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The oral form-discrimination abilities of 18 orally educated and oriented deaf high school subjects were determined and compared to those of manually educated and oriented deaf subjects and normal-hearing subjects. The similarities and differences among the responses of the three groups were discussed and then compared to responses elicited from subjects with functional disorders of articulation. In general, the discrimination scores separated the manual deaf from the other two groups, particularly when differences in form shapes were involved in the test. The implications of the results for theories relating orosensory-discrimination abilities are discussed. It is postulated that, while a failure in oroperceptual functioning may lead to disorders of articulation, a failure to use the oral mechanism for speech activities, even in persons with normal orosensory capabilities, may result in poor performance on oroperceptual tasks.

Animals as Social Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Sevillano ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document