scholarly journals Stem Cell Differentiation is Regulated by Extracellular Matrix Mechanics

Physiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas R. Smith ◽  
Sangkyun Cho ◽  
Dennis E. Discher
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cytoskeletal Reorganization ◽  
Tissue Hydration ◽  
Matrix Mechanics

Stem cells mechanosense the stiffness of their microenvironment, which impacts differentiation. Although tissue hydration anti-correlates with stiffness, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is clearly transduced into gene expression via adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins that tune fates. Cytoskeletal reorganization of ECM can create heterogeneity and influence fates, with fibrosis being one extreme.

scholarly journals Monitoring stem cell differentiation using Raman microspectroscopy: chondrogenic differentiation, towards cartilage formation

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-337
Author(s):  
Francesca Ravera ◽  
Esen Efeoglu ◽  
Hugh J. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Cartilage Formation ◽  
Matrix Evolution

Raman microspectroscopy is employed to monitor the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to chondrocytes, from subcellular to extracellular matrix evolution.

Stem cell differentiation: Controlling Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Using Extracellular Matrix Protein Patterns (Small 22/2010)

Small ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 2508-2508
Author(s):  
Aniruddh Solanki ◽  
Shreyas Shah ◽  
Kevin A. Memoli ◽  
Sung Young Park ◽  
Seunghun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Protein Patterns

scholarly journals Decellularized Extracellular Matrix as anIn VitroModel to Study the Comprehensive Roles of the ECM in Stem Cell Differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hoshiba ◽  
Guoping Chen ◽  
Chiho Endo ◽  
Hiroka Maruyama ◽  
Miyuki Wakui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation

Stem cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Stem cell differentiation must be regulated for applications in regenerative medicine. Stem cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM)in vivo. The ECM is composed of many types of proteins and glycosaminoglycans that assemble into a complex structure. The assembly of ECM molecules influences stem cell differentiation through orchestrated intracellular signaling activated by many ECM molecules. Therefore, it is important to understand the comprehensive role of the ECM in stem cell differentiation as well as the functions of the individual ECM molecules. Decellularized ECM is a usefulin vitromodel for studying the comprehensive roles of ECM because it retains a native-like structure and composition. Decellularized ECM can be obtained fromin vivotissue ECM or ECM fabricated by cells culturedin vitro. It is important to select the correct decellularized ECM because each type has different properties. In this review, tissue-derived and cell-derived decellularized ECMs are compared asin vitroECM models to examine the comprehensive roles of the ECM in stem cell differentiation. We also summarize recent studies using decellularized ECM to determine the comprehensive roles of the ECM in stem cell differentiation.

scholarly journals The Use of Stem Cell Differentiation Stage Factors (SCDSFs) Taken from Zebrafish Embryos during Organogenesis and Their Role in Regulating the Gene Expression of Normal and Pathological (Stem) Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4914
Author(s):  
Pier Mario Biava
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Differentiation Stage

Studies conducted on Zebrafish embryos in our laboratory have allowed for the identification of precise moments of organogenesis in which a lot of genes are switched on and off, a sign that the genome is undergoing substantial changes in gene expression. Stem cell growth and differentiation stage-factors present in different moments of organogenesis have proven to have different specific functions in gene regulation. The substances present in the first stages of cell differentiation in Zebrafish embryos have demonstrated an ability to counteract the senescence of stem cells, reducing the expression of the beta-galactosidase marker, enhancing the genes Oct-4, Sox-2, c-Myc, TERT, and the transcription of Bmi-1, which act as key telomerase-independent repressors of cell aging. The molecules present in the intermediate to late stages of cell differentiation have proven to be able to reprogram pathological human cells, such as cancer cells and those of the basal layer of the epidermis in psoriasis, which present a higher multiplication rate than normal cells. The factors present in all the stages of cell differentiation are able to counteract neurodegeneration, and to regenerate tissues: It has been possible to regenerate hair follicles in many patients with androgenetic alopecia through transdermal administration of stem cell differentiation stage factors (SCDSFs) by means of cryopass-laser.

scholarly journals DYRK1A Negatively Regulates CDK5-SOX2 Pathway and Self-Renewal of Glioblastoma Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4011
Author(s):  
Brianna Chen ◽  
Dylan McCuaig-Walton ◽  
Sean Tan ◽  
Andrew P. Montgomery ◽  
Bryan W. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cell ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Glioblastoma Stem Cells ◽  
Glioblastoma Stem Cell

Glioblastoma display vast cellular heterogeneity, with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) at the apex. The critical role of GSCs in tumour growth and resistance to therapy highlights the need to delineate mechanisms that control stemness and differentiation potential of GSC. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) regulates neural progenitor cell differentiation, but its role in cancer stem cell differentiation is largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that DYRK1A kinase is crucial for the differentiation commitment of glioblastoma stem cells. DYRK1A inhibition insulates the self-renewing population of GSCs from potent differentiation-inducing signals. Mechanistically, we show that DYRK1A promotes differentiation and limits stemness acquisition via deactivation of CDK5, an unconventional kinase recently described as an oncogene. DYRK1A-dependent inactivation of CDK5 results in decreased expression of the stemness gene SOX2 and promotes the commitment of GSC to differentiate. Our investigations of the novel DYRK1A-CDK5-SOX2 pathway provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying glioblastoma stem cell maintenance.

scholarly journals Nuclear Export of Smads by RanBP3L Regulates Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfang Chen ◽  
Xia Lin ◽  
Pinglong Xu ◽  
Zhengmao Zhang ◽  
Yanzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play vital roles in regulating stem cell maintenance and differentiation. BMPs can induce osteogenesis and inhibit myogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Canonical BMP signaling is stringently controlled through reversible phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 (Smad1/5/8). However, how the nuclear export of Smad1/5/8 is regulated remains unclear. Here we report that the Ran-binding protein RanBP3L acts as a nuclear export factor for Smad1/5/8. RanBP3L directly recognizes dephosphorylated Smad1/5/8 and mediates their nuclear export in a Ran-dependent manner. Increased expression of RanBP3L blocks BMP-induced osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and promotes myogenic induction of C2C12 mouse myoblasts, whereas depletion of RanBP3L expression enhances BMP-dependent stem cell differentiation activity and transcriptional responses. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RanBP3L, as a nuclear exporter for BMP-specific Smads, plays a critical role in terminating BMP signaling and regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

Magnetic field assisted stem cell differentiation – role of substrate magnetization in osteogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (16) ◽  
pp. 3150-3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Boda ◽  
Greeshma Thrivikraman ◽  
Bikramjit Basu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation

Substrate magnetization as a tool for modulating the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications.

Concentration-dependent gene expression responses to flusilazole in embryonic stem cell differentiation cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien A.M. van Dartel ◽  
Jeroen L.A. Pennings ◽  
Liset J.J. de la Fonteyne ◽  
Karen J.J. Brauers ◽  
Sandra Claessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
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