Unraveling the Cellular Mechanism of Insulin Resistance in Humans: New Insights from Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Physiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald I. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Recent Advances

Insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, yet despite much research the underlying mechanism responsible for it is poorly understood. In this review, some recent advances in the understanding of insulin resistance in humans that have been made by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy are discussed.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Quantification of Pancreatic Fat in Humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 4070-4076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildiko Lingvay ◽  
Victoria Esser ◽  
Jaime L. Legendre ◽  
Angela L. Price ◽  
Kristen M. Wertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Pancreatic Steatosis

Objective: To validate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a tool for non-invasive quantification of pancreatic triglyceride (TG) content and to measure the pancreatic TG content in a diverse human population with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) and glucose control. Methods: To validate the MRS method, we measured TG content in the pancreatic tissue of 12 lean and 12 fatty ZDF rats (ages 5–14 weeks) both by MRS and the gold standard biochemical assay. We used MRS to measure pancreatic TG content in vivo in 79 human volunteers. Additionally, to assess the reproducibility of the method, in 33 volunteers we obtained duplicate MRS measurements 1–2 weeks apart. Results: MRS quantifies pancreatic TG content with high reproducibility and concordance to the biochemical measurement (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.91). In humans, median pancreatic TG content was as follows: (1) normal weight and normoglycemic group 0.46 f/w%, (2) overweight or obese but normoglycemic group 3.16 f/w%, (3) impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance group (BMI matched with group 2) 5.64 f/w%, and (4) untreated type 2 diabetes group (BMI matched with group 2) 5.54 f/w% (Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test across groups p < 0.001). Conclusions: Human pancreatic steatosis, as measured by MRS, increases with BMI and with impaired glycemia. MRS is a quantitative and reproducible non-invasive clinical research tool which will enable systematic studies of the relationship between ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas and development of type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic triglyceride content as measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in humans is elevated prior to development of type 2 diabetes, early in the natural history of the disease.

scholarly journals The neurometabolic profiles of GABA and Glutamate as revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240907
Author(s):  
Otília C. d’Almeida ◽  
Ines R. Violante ◽  
Bruno Quendera ◽  
Carolina Moreno ◽  
Leonor Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy
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