Information Transfer Rate of Nonspiking Afferent Neurons in the Crab

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. DiCaprio
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Information Rate ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Cable Properties ◽  
Information Transfer Rate ◽  
Consequent Reduction

The thoracic-coxal muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) is the only proprioceptor at the thoracic-coxal joint in the crab leg. The S and T afferent neurons of the TCMRO convey signals to the CNS solely by means of graded changes in membrane potential. The rate of information transfer of these afferents was determined by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio (SΝR) of these cells after repeated stimulation of the receptor with identical sequences of random movement and applying the Shannon formula for the information capacity of a Gaussian channel. Intracellular recordings were made from the S and T afferents adjacent to the transduction site at the origin of the receptor and along the axon 5–7 mm distal to this site. These nonspiking afferents transduce receptor movement and transmit this information with extremely high fidelity. The SNR of both neurons near the transduction site was >1000 over most of the 200 Hz stimulation bandwidth, and the mean information transfer rate was ∼2,500 bits/s. When calculated over a wider bandwidth of 500 Hz, the information rate was >4,600 bits/s. The effect of axonal cable properties on the information rate was evaluated by determining the SNR from membrane potential recordings made 5–7 mm distal to the transduction region. The major effect of graded transmission along the axon was attenuation and low-pass filtering of the sensory signal. The consequent reduction in signal power and bandwidth decreased the information transfer by ∼10–15% over 200 Hz and ∼30% over a 500 Hz bandwidth.

SSVEP Recognition by Using Higher Harmonics Based on Music

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Chen ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Quan Liu ◽  
Haojie Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal Classification ◽  
Recognition Time ◽  
Multiple Signal Classification ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Information Transfer Rate

Among different brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI has been widely used because of its higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) and greater information transfer rate (ITR). In this paper, a method based on multiple signal classification (MUSIC) was proposed for multidimensional SSVEP signal processing. Both fundamental and second harmonics of SSVEPs were employed for the final target recognition. The experimental results proved it has the advantage of reducing recognition time. Also, the relation between the duty-cycle of the stimulus signals and the amplitude of the second harmonics of SSVEPs was discussed via experiments. In order to verify the feasibility of proposed methods, a two-layer spelling system was designed. Different subjects including those who have never used BCIs before used the system fluently in an unshielded environment.

A Dual Stimuli Approach Combined with Convolutional Neural Network to Improve Information Transfer Rate of Event-Related Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interface

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1850034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Mengfan Li ◽  
Huihui Zhou ◽  
Genshe Chen ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Information Transfer Rate ◽  
Command Generation

Increasing command generation rate of an event-related potential-based brain-robot system is challenging, because of limited information transfer rate of a brain-computer interface system. To improve the rate, we propose a dual stimuli approach that is flashing a robot image and is scanning another robot image simultaneously. Two kinds of event-related potentials, N200 and P300 potentials, evoked in this dual stimuli condition are decoded by a convolutional neural network. Compared with the traditional approaches, this proposed approach significantly improves the online information transfer rate from 23.0 or 17.8 to 39.1 bits/min at an accuracy of 91.7%. These results suggest that combining multiple types of stimuli to evoke distinguishable ERPs might be a promising direction to improve the command generation rate in the brain-computer interface.

scholarly journals A low-cost auditory multi-class brain-computer interface based on pitch, spatial and timbre cues

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharias Vamvakousis ◽  
Rafael Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
Information Transfer Rate ◽  
Cord Injury

P300-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are especially useful for people with illnesses, which prevent them from communicating in a normal way (e.g. brain or spinal cord injury). However, most of the existing P300-based BCI systems use visual stimulation which may not be suitable for patients with sight deterioration (e.g. patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Moreover, P300-based BCI systems rely on expensive equipment, which greatly limits their use outside the clinical environment. Therefore, we propose a multi-class BCI system based solely on auditory stimuli, which makes use of low-cost EEG technology. We explored different combinations of timbre, pitch and spatial auditory stimuli (TimPiSp: timbre-pitch-spatial, TimSp: timbre-spatial, and Timb: timbre-only) and three inter-stimulus intervals (150ms, 175ms and 300ms), and evaluated our system by conducting an oddball task on 7 healthy subjects. This is the first study in which these 3 auditory cues are compared. After averaging several repetitions in the 175ms inter-stimulus interval, we obtained average selection accuracies of 97.14%, 91.43%, and 88.57% for modalities TimPiSp, TimSp, and Timb, respectively. Best subject’s accuracy was 100% in all modalities and inter-stimulus intervals. Average information transfer rate for the 150ms inter-stimulus interval in the TimPiSp modality was 14.85 bits/min. Best subject’s information transfer rate was 39.96 bits/min for 175ms Timbre condition. Based on the TimPiSp modality, an auditory P300 speller was implemented and evaluated by asking users to type a 12-characters-long phrase. Six out of 7 users completed the task. The average spelling speed was 0.56 chars/min and best subject’s performance was 0.84 chars/min. The obtained results show that the proposed auditory BCI is successful with healthy subjects and may constitute the basis for future implementations of more practical and affordable auditory P300-based BCI systems.

SSVEP-P300 HYBRID PARADIGM OPTIMIZATION FOR ENHANCED INFORMATION TRANSFER RATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Akshay Katyal ◽  
Rajesh Singla
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Information Transfer Rate ◽  
User Intentions ◽  
Activation Rate ◽  
Optimal Protocol ◽  
Brain Computer Interfacing ◽  
Average Information ◽  
Two Hybrid

Hybrid brain–computer interfacing (BCI), recently, has been the epicenter of research in the area of rehabilitation engineering. The concept is based on the principle that the paradigm used for the BCI elicits one BCI marker in combination with one or more BCI modalities or other physiological signals. These paradigms elicit human brain response to successfully determine user intentions. Steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) has been the favourite amongst researchers to combine with other BCI modalities such as P300, Motor Imagery (MI), etc. to develop assistive devices (ADs) based on hybrid BCI. This research paper is a record of a comparative study conducted between two hybrid BCI’s, namely hybrid BCI-1, hybrid BCI-2 and traditional SSVEP BCI. Both hybrid paradigms are similar in schematics but differ in the operational protocol. The study aimed to find the optimal protocol which greatly enhances the average information transfer rate (ITR) of a BCI-based AD. Hybrid BCI-1 showed lower classification accuracy (90.36%) and higher false activation rate (FAR) (3.16%) as compared to Hybrid BCI-2 (92.35% and 2.78%, respectively) as well as traditional SSVEP (93.38% and 2.73%, respectively). However, the average ITR of Hybrid BCI-1 (80.76 bits/min) was much higher than that of Hybrid BCI-2 (41.21 bits/min) and traditional SSVEP paradigm (36.34 bits/min). This led to the conclusion, that Hybrid BCI-1 is the most viable option for developing an AD.

An Improved Image Segmentation Algorithm in Automatic Light Communication System

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Ding Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Segmentation Algorithm ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Information Transfer Rate ◽  
Image Segmentation Algorithm

Light Communication is one of the most common means of vessel communication, with merits of simple, easy-to-use, resistance to electromagnetic interference and so on. Compared with other means of vessel communication, the shortcomings of traditional lighting communication are highlighted, for example, it requires specialized training soldiers, and the information transfer rate is too low. In this paper, an automatic light receiver is presented, and an improved image segmentation algorithm in automatic light communication system is investigated. In the end, some conclusions are given to show the effectiveness of automatic light communication system and its particular application for military use.

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