Effects of Ventrobasal Lesion and Cortical Cooling on Fast Oscillations (>200 Hz) in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 2380-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Staba ◽  
Barbara Brett-Green ◽  
Marcy Paulsen ◽  
Daniel S. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Ventrobasal Thalamus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortical Cooling ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Fast Oscillations

High-frequency oscillatory activity (>200 Hz) termed “fast oscillations” (FO) have been recorded in the rodent somatosensory cortex and may reflect very rapid integration of vibrissal information in sensory cortex. Yet, while electrophysiological correlates suggest that FO is generated within intracortical networks, contributions of subcortical structures along the trigeminal pathway remain uncertain. Using surface and laminar electrode arrays, in vivo recordings of vibrissal and electrically evoked FO were made within somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rodents before and after ablation of the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) or during reversible cortical cooling. In VB-lesioned animals, vibrissal stimulation failed to evoke FO, while epicortical stimulation in lesioned animals remained effective in generating FO. In nonlesioned animals, cortical cooling eliminated vibrissal-evoked FO despite the persistence of thalamocortical input. Vibrissal-evoked FO returned with the return to physiological temperatures. Results from this study indicate that somatosensory cortex alone is able to initiate and sustain FO. Moreover, these data suggest that cortical network interactions are solely responsible for the generation of FO, while synchronized thalamocortical input serves as the afferent trigger.

Intracellular Correlates of Fast (>200 Hz) Electrical Oscillations in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Jones ◽  
Kurt D. MacDonald ◽  
ByungJu Choi ◽  
F. Edward Dudek ◽  
Daniel S. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Recurrent Activity ◽  
Potential Recording ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Fast Oscillations

Oscillatory activity in excess of several hundred hertz has been observed in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) recorded in both humans and animals and is attracting increasing interest regarding its role in brain function. Currently, however, little is known about the cellular events underlying these oscillations. The present study employed simultaneous in-vivo intracellular and epipial field-potential recording to investigate the cellular correlates of fast oscillations in rat somatosensory cortex evoked by vibrissa stimulation. Two distinct types of fast oscillations were observed, here termed “fast oscillations” (FO) (200–400 Hz) and “very fast oscillations” (VFO) (400–600 Hz). FO coincided with the earliest slow-wave components of the SEP whereas VFO typically were later and of smaller amplitude. Regular spiking (RS) cells exhibited vibrissa-evoked responses associated with one or both types of fast oscillations and consisted of combinations of spike and/or subthreshold events that, when superimposed across trials, clustered at latencies separated by successive cycles of FO or VFO activity, or a combination of both. Fast spiking (FS) cells responded to vibrissae stimulation with bursts of action potentials that closely approximated the periodicity of the surface VFO. No cells were encountered that produced action potential bursts related to FO activity in an analogous fashion. We propose that fast oscillations define preferred latencies for action potential generation in cortical RS cells, with VFO generated by inhibitory interneurons and FO reflecting both sequential and recurrent activity of stations in the cortical lamina.

Effects of Bicuculline Methiodide on Fast (>200 Hz) Electrical Oscillations in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1016-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Jones ◽  
Daniel S. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Bicuculline Methiodide ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Fast Activity ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Fast Oscillations

Fast oscillatory activity (more than ∼200 Hz) has been attracting increasing attention regarding its possible role in both normal brain function and epileptogenesis. Yet, its underlying cellular mechanism remains poorly understood. Our prior investigation of the phenomenon in rat somatosensory cortex indicated that fast oscillations result from repetitive synaptic activation of cortical pyramidal cells originating from GABAergic interneurons ( Jones et al. 2000 ). To test this hypothesis, the effects of topical application of the γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI) on fast oscillations were examined. At subconvulsive concentrations (∼10 μM), BMI application resulted in a pronounced enhancement of fast activity, in some trials doubling the number of oscillatory cycles evoked by whisker stimulation. The amplitude and frequency of fast activity were not affected by BMI in a statistically significant fashion. At higher concentrations, BMI application resulted in the emergence of recurring spontaneous slow-wave discharges resembling interictal spikes (IIS) and the eventual onset of seizure. High-pass filtering of the IIS revealed that a burst of fast oscillations accompanied the spontaneous discharge. This activity was present in both the pre- and the postictal regimes, in which its morphology and spatial distribution were largely indistinguishable. These data indicate that fast cortical oscillations do not reflect GABAergic postsynaptic currents. An alternate account consistent with results observed to date is that this activity may instead arise from population spiking in pyramidal cells, possibly mediated by electrotonic coupling in a manner analogous to that underlying 200-Hz ripple in the hippocampus. Additionally, fast oscillations occur within spontaneous epileptiform discharges. However, at least under the present experimental conditions, they do not appear to be a reliable predictor of seizure onset nor an indicator of the seizure focus.

scholarly journals Measurement of Changes in Opioid Receptor Binding in Vivo During Trigeminal Neuralgic Pain Using [11C]Diprenorphine and Positron Emission Tomography

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K. P. Jones ◽  
Niel D. Kitchen ◽  
Hiroshi Watabe ◽  
Vincent J. Cunningham ◽  
Terry Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain State ◽  
Parietal Cortices

The binding of [11C]diprenorphine to µ, κ, and Δ subsites in cortical and subcortical structures was measured by positron emission tomography in vivo in six patients before and after surgical relief of trigeminal neuralgia pain. The volume of distribution of [11C]diprenorphine binding was significantly increased after thermocoagulation of the relevant trigeminal division in the following areas: prefrontal, insular, perigenual, mid-cingulate and inferior parietal cortices, basal ganglia, and thalamus bilaterally. In addition to the pain relief associated with the surgical procedure, there also was an improvement in anxiety and depression scores. In the context of other studies, these changes in binding most likely resulted from the change in the pain state. The results suggest an increased occupancy by endogenous opioid peptides during trigeminal pain but cannot exclude coexistent down-regulation of binding sites.

Recording High Frequency Neural Signals Using Conformable and Low-Impedance ECoG Electrodes Arrays Coated with PEDOT-PSS-PEG

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Castagnola ◽  
Marco Marrani ◽  
Emma Maggiolini ◽  
Francesco Maita ◽  
Luca Pazzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Small Neuron ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex

Electrocorticography (ECoG) is receiving growing attention for both clinical and research applications thanks to its reduced invasiveness and ability of addressing large cortical areas. These benefits come with a main drawback, i.e. a limited frequency bandwidth. However, recent studies have shown that spiking activity from cortical neurons can be recorded when the ECoG grids present the following combined properties: (I) conformable substrate, (II) small neuron-sized electrodes with (III) low-impedance interfaces. We introduce here an ad-hoc designed ECoG device for investigating how electrode size, interface material composition and electrochemical properties affect the capability to record evoked and spontaneous neural signals from the rat somatosensory cortex and influence the ability to record high frequency neural signal components.Contact diameter reduction down to 8 μm was possible thanks to a specific coating of a (3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate)-poly-(ethyleneglycol) (PEDOT-PSS-PEG) composite that drastically reduces impedance and increases electrical and ionic conductivities. In addition, the extreme thinness of the polyimide substrate (6 - 8 μm) and the presence of multiple perforations through the device ensure an effective contact with the brain surface and the free flow of cerebrospinal fluid. In-vivo validation was performed on rat somatosensory cortex.

scholarly journals Pulsed infrared light alters neural activity in rat somatosensory cortex in vivo

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Cayce ◽  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
E. Duco Jansen ◽  
Anita Mahavaden-Jansen ◽  
Anna W. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex

scholarly journals Distinct Age-Dependent C Fiber-Driven Oscillatory Activity in the Rat Somatosensory Cortex

eNeuro ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0036-20.2020
Author(s):  
Pishan Chang ◽  
Lorenzo Fabrizi ◽  
Maria Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex
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