scholarly journals Pathophysiology of affective disorders: functional interaction of stress hormones and hippocampal excitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
M. Adrienne McGinn ◽  
Amanda R. Pahng
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Hippocampal Function ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
New Finding

An important new study by Kvarta, Bradbrook, Dantrassy, Bailey, and Thompson ( J Neurophysiol 114: 1713–1724, 2015) examined the effects of persistent stress and excessive glucocorticoid levels on hippocampal function and emotional behavior in rodents. The authors specifically implicate the temporoammonic pathway as being susceptible to reductions in excitatory function in the context of chronic stress. We discuss the importance of this new finding in the broader context of medication development for major depressive disorder.

Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Depression and other Psychiatric Illness

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coppen ◽  
M. Abou-Saleh ◽  
P. Milln ◽  
M. Metcalfe ◽  
J. Harwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Abnormal Response ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryThe prevalence of an abnormal response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was examined in 119 in-patients suffering from a major depressive disorder and in 79 normal controls. Only 11 per cent of controls showed an abnormal DST as against 70 per cent of depressed patients. The specificity of the DST was examined by testing patients with other psychiatric disorders. Abnormal responses were found in one-fifth of a sample of schizophrenics, over one-quarter of abstinent alcoholics, two-fifths of neurotics (including neurotic depressives) and almost half of senile dements. Abnormal DST was also found in 33 per cent of patients receiving prophylactic lithium for recurrent affective disorders.

Shared Transcriptional Signatures in Major Depressive Disorder and Mouse Chronic Stress Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. S222
Author(s):  
Joseph Scarpa ◽  
Mena Fatma ◽  
Yong-Hwee E. Loh ◽  
Said Romaric Traore ◽  
Théo Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Stress Models

scholarly journals Characterization of GABAergic Marker Expression in the Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model of Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247054701772045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounira Banasr ◽  
Ashley Lepack ◽  
Corey Fee ◽  
Vanja Duric ◽  
Jaime Maldonado-Aviles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Major Depressive

Background Evidence continues to build suggesting that the GABAergic neurotransmitter system is altered in brains of patients with major depressive disorder. However, there is little information available related to the extent of these changes or the potential mechanisms associated with these alterations. As stress is a well-established precipitant to depressive episodes, we sought to explore the impact of chronic stress on GABAergic interneurons. Methods Using western blot analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we assessed the effects of five-weeks of chronic unpredictable stress exposure on the expression of GABA-synthesizing enzymes (GAD65 and GAD67), calcium-binding proteins (calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin), and neuropeptides co-expressed in GABAergic neurons (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and cholecystokinin) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. We also investigated the effects of corticosterone and dexamethasone exposure on these markers in vitro in primary cortical and hippocampal cultures. Results We found that chronic unpredictable stress induced significant reductions of GAD67 protein levels in both the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress-exposed rats but did not detect changes in GAD65 protein expression. Similar protein expression changes were found in vitro in cortical neurons. In addition, our results provide clear evidence of reduced markers of interneuron population(s), namely somatostatin and neuropeptide Y, in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting these cell types may be selectively vulnerable to chronic stress. Conclusion Together, this work highlights that chronic stress induces regional and cell type-selective effects on GABAergic interneurons in rats. These findings provide additional supporting evidence that stress-induced GABA neuron dysfunction and cell vulnerability play critical roles in the pathophysiology of stress-related illnesses, including major depressive disorder.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism of reward treatment ameliorating chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior assessed by sequencing miRNA and mRNA in medial prefrontal cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting An ◽  
Zhenhua Song ◽  
Jin-Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disease that seriously endangers human health and mental state. Chronic stress and lack of reward may reduce the function of the brain's reward circuits, leading to major depressive disorder. The effect of reward treatment on chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors and its molecular mechanism in the brain remain unclear.Methods Mice were divided into the groups of control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and CUMS-companion. Mice of CUMS group was performed by CUMS for 4 weeks, and CUMS-companion group was treated by CUMS accompanied with companion. The tests of sucrose preference, Y-maze, and forced swimming were conducted to assess depression-like behaviors or resilience. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze mRNA and miRNA profiles in the medial prefrontal cortex harvested from control, CUMS-MDD (mice with depression-like behaviors in CUMS group), Reward-MDD (mice with depression-like behaviors in CUMS-companion group), CUMS-resilience (resilient mice in CUMS group), Reward-resilience (resilient mice in CUMS-companion group) mice.Results The results provided evidence that accompanying with companion ameliorated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are associated with depression-like behaviors, 8 DEGs are associated with resilience and 59 DEGs are associated with nature reward (companion) were identified. Furthermore, 196 differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be associated with companion. Based on the differentially expressed miRNAs and DEGs data, miRNA-mRNA network was established to be associated with companion.Conclusion Taken together, our data here provided a method to ameliorate depression-like behaviors, and numerous potential drug targets for the prevention or treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Central and Peripheral Inflammation Link Metabolic Syndrome and Major Depressive Disorder

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny L. Chan ◽  
Flurin Cathomas ◽  
Scott J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities

Metabolic syndrome and major depression are two of the most common and debilitating disorders worldwide, occurring with significant rates of comorbidity. Recent studies have uncovered that each of these conditions is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. This is characterized by increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered leukocyte population frequencies in blood, accumulation of immune cells in tissues including the brain, and activation of these immune cells. Cytokines that become elevated during obesity can contribute to the progression of metabolic syndrome by directly causing insulin resistance. During chronic stress, there is evidence that these cytokines promote depression-like behavior by disrupting neurotransmitter synthesis and signal transduction. Animal models of obesity and depression have revealed a bi-directional relationship whereby high-fat feeding and chronic stress synergize and exacerbate metabolic dysregulation and behavioral abnormalities. Although far from conclusive, emerging evidence suggests that inflammation in the central and peripheral immune system may link metabolic syndrome to major depressive disorder. In this review, we will synthesize available data supporting this view and identify critical areas for future investigation.

Altered hippocampal function with preserved cognitive performance in treatment-naive major depressive disorder

Neuroreport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gésine L. Alders ◽  
Andrea M.B. Milne ◽  
Luciano Minuzzi ◽  
Benicio N. Frey ◽  
Glenda M. MacQueen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Function ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment Naïve

scholarly journals Shared Transcriptional Signatures in Major Depressive Disorder and Mouse Chronic Stress Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Scarpa ◽  
Mena Fatma ◽  
Yong-Hwee E. Loh ◽  
Said Romaric Traore ◽  
Theo Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Stress Models
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