Transcallosal inhibition in patients with callosal infarction

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Yuan Li ◽  
Ping-Hong Lai ◽  
Robert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Transcallosal Inhibition ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Pass Through

Recent studies in normal subjects suggested that callosal motor fibers pass through the posterior body of the corpus callosum (CC), but this has not been tested in patients with callosal infarction. The objective of this study is to define the pathways involved in transcallosal inhibition by examining patients with infarctions in different subregions of the CC. We hypothesized that patients with lesions in the posterior one-half of the CC would have greater reduction in transcallosal inhibition between the motor cortices. Twenty-six patients with callosal infarction and 14 healthy subjects were studied. The callosal lesions were localized on sagittal MRI and were attributed to one of five segments of the CC. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess ipsilateral silent period (iSP) and short- and long-latency interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI and LIHI, respectively) originating from both motor cortices. The results showed that the iSP areas and durations were markedly reduced bilaterally in patients with callosal infarction compared with normal subjects. Patients with callosal infarctions also had less IHI bidirectionally compared with normal subjects. iSP areas and durations were lower in patients with lesions than in patients without lesions in segment 3 (posterior midbody) of the CC. Lesion burden in the posterior one-half of the CC negatively correlated transcallosal inhibition measured with iSP and SIHI. Our study suggests that callosal infarction led to reduced transcallosal inhibition, as measured by iSP, SIHI, and LIHI. Fibers mediating transcallosal inhibition cross the CC mainly in the posterior one-half.

Transcallosal inhibition and motor conduction studies in patients with schizophrenia using transcranial magnetic stimulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boroojerdi ◽  
R. Töpper ◽  
H. Foltys ◽  
U. Meincke
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Hand Muscles ◽  
Transcallosal Inhibition ◽  
Motor Excitability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Excitatory Responses

BackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex may not only elicit excitatory responses in hand muscles contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere, but may also suppress tonic voluntary electromyogram activity in muscles ipsilateral to the stimulation. This inhibition is mediated between the motor cortices via the corpus callosum.AimsTo investigate motor excitability and interhemispheric (transcallosal) connections in patients with schizophrenia.MethodTranscallosal inhibition and motor conduction parameters were investigated in ten patients with schizophrenia and in ten age- and gender-matched healthy subjects.ResultsTranscallosal conduction time (TCT) and duration of the inhibition were significantly longer in patients with schizophrenia (mean (s.d.)): TCT, 12.4 (2.9) ms in normal subjects and 15.3 (2.6) ms in patients (P=0.03); mean duration, 34.1 (4.9) ms in normal subjects and 51.9 (16.8) ms in patients (P=0.01).ConclusionsMagnetic motor conduction parameters are unaltered in schizophrenia, but transcallosal inhibition is significantly delayed and prolonged. This may indicate abnormal function of the corpus callosum in these patients.

scholarly journals Intracortical and Intercortical Motor Disinhibition to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Francesco Fisicaro ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Carmela Cinzia D’Agate ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
Mariagiovanna Cantone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcallosal Inhibition ◽  
Resting Motor Threshold

Background: Celiac disease (CD) may present or be complicated by neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) probes brain excitability non-invasively, also preclinically. We previously demonstrated an intracortical motor disinhibition and hyperfacilitation in de novo CD patients, which revert back after a long-term gluten-free diet (GFD). In this cross-sectional study, we explored the interhemispheric excitability by transcallosal inhibition, which has never been investigated in CD. Methods: A total of 15 right-handed de novo, neurologically asymptomatic, CD patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls were screened for cognitive and depressive symptoms to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), respectively. TMS consisted of resting motor threshold, amplitude, latency, and duration of the motor evoked potentials, duration and latency of the contralateral silent period (cSP). Transcallosal inhibition was evaluated as duration and latency of the ipsilateral silent period (iSP). Results: MoCA and HDRS scored significantly worse in patients. The iSP and cSP were significantly shorter in duration in patients, with a positive correlation between the MoCA and iSP. Conclusions: An intracortical and interhemispheric motor disinhibition was observed in CD, suggesting the involvement of GABA-mediated cortical and callosal circuitries. Further studies correlating clinical, TMS, and neuroimaging data are needed.

Interhemispheric inhibition to the biceps brachii during arm cycling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Benson ◽  
Evan James Lockyer ◽  
Chris Compton ◽  
Kevin E. Power
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Arm Cycling ◽  
Cortical Circuit

This is the first demonstration of interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) during a locomotor output, arm cycling. IHI was quantified by assessing the depth of the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) evoked via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex. There was a significant reduction in EMG amplitude of the iSP during cycling compared to the control EMG (16.8 ± 17.1%; p<0.001). Depth and area for measuring the iSP during arm cycling are discussed. NOVELTY • First study to demonstrate activation of the cortical circuit, interhemispheric inhibition, during a locomotor output.

scholarly journals Modulation of Interhemispheric Inhibition between Primary Motor Cortices Induced by Manual Motor Imitation: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Dongting Tian ◽  
Shin-ichi Izumi ◽  
Eizaburo Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Time Point

Imitation has been proven effective in motor development and neurorehabilitation. However, the relationship between imitation and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) remains unclear. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to investigate IHI. In this study, the modification effects of IHI resulting from mirror neuron system (MNS) activation during different imitations are addressed. We measured IHI between homologous primary motor cortex (M1) by analyzing the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) evoked by single-pulse focal TMS during imitation and analyzed the respective IHI modulation during and after different patterns of imitation. Our main results showed that throughout anatomical imitation, significant time-course changes of iSP duration through the experiment were observed in both directions. iSP duration declined from the pre-imitation time point to the post-imitation time point and did not return to baseline after 30 min rest. We also observed significant iSP reduction from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere during anatomical and specular imitation, compared with non-imitative movement. Our findings indicate that using anatomical imitation in action observation and execution therapy promotes functional recovery in neurorehabilitation by regulating IHI.

Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Bimanual Movements

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Tse Chen ◽  
Yung-Yang Lin ◽  
Din-E Shan ◽  
Zin-An Wu ◽  
Mark Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Index Finger ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Ipsilateral Stimulation ◽  
The Right

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex can interrupt voluntary contralateral rhythmic limb movements. Using the method of “resetting index” (RI), our study investigated the TMS effect on different types of bimanual movements. Six normal subjects participated. For unimanual movement, each subject tapped either the right or left index finger at a comfortable rate. For bimanual movement, index fingers of both hands tapped in the same (in-phase) direction or in the opposite (antiphase) direction. TMS was applied to each hemisphere separately at various intensities from 0.5 to 1.5 times motor threshold (MT). TMS interruption of rhythm was quantified by RI. For the unimanual movements, TMS disrupted both contralateral and ipsilateral rhythmic hand movements, although the effect was much less in the ipsilateral hand. For the bimanual in-phase task, TMS could simultaneously reset the rhythmic movements of both hands, but the effect on the contralateral hand was less and the effect on the ipsilateral hand was more compared with the unimanual tasks. Similar effects were seen from right and left hemisphere stimulation. TMS had little effect on the bimanual antiphase task. The equal effect of right and left hemisphere stimulation indicates that neither motor cortex is dominant for simple bimanual in-phase movement. The smaller influence of contralateral stimulation and the greater effect of ipsilateral stimulation during bimanual in-phase movement compared with unimanual movement suggest hemispheric coupling. The antiphase movements were resistant to TMS disruption, and this suggests that control of rhythm differs in the 2 tasks. TMS produced a transient asynchrony of movements on the 2 sides, indicating that both motor cortices might be downstream of the clocking command or that the clocking is a consequence of the 2 hemispheres communicating equally with each other.

Improvement of hand dexterity following motor cortex rTMS in multiple sclerosis patients with cerebellar impairment

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Koch ◽  
S Rossi ◽  
C Prosperetti ◽  
C Codecà ◽  
F Monteleone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Hand Dexterity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Cerebellar Symptoms

We tested the effects of 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the motor cortex in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects with cerebellar symptoms. rTMS improved hand dexterity in cerebellar patients ( n = 8) but not in healthy subjects ( n = 7), as detected by a significant transient reduction of the time required to complete the nine-hole pegboard task. rTMS of the motor cortex may be a useful approach to treat cerebellar impairment in MS patients.

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