scholarly journals Nonhomogeneous transfer reveals specificity in speech motor learning

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Rochet-Capellan ◽  
Lara Richer ◽  
David J. Ostry
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Speech Learning ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Does motor learning generalize to new situations that are not experienced during training, or is motor learning essentially specific to the training situation? In the present experiments, we use speech production as a model to investigate generalization in motor learning. We tested for generalization from training to transfer utterances by varying the acoustical similarity between these two sets of utterances. During the training phase of the experiment, subjects received auditory feedback that was altered in real time as they repeated a single consonant-vowel-consonant utterance. Different groups of subjects were trained with different consonant-vowel-consonant utterances, which differed from a subsequent transfer utterance in terms of the initial consonant or vowel. During the adaptation phase of the experiment, we observed that subjects in all groups progressively changed their speech output to compensate for the perturbation (altered auditory feedback). After learning, we tested for generalization by having all subjects produce the same single transfer utterance while receiving unaltered auditory feedback. We observed limited transfer of learning, which depended on the acoustical similarity between the training and the transfer utterances. The gradients of generalization observed here are comparable to those observed in limb movement. The present findings are consistent with the conclusion that speech learning remains specific to individual instances of learning.

scholarly journals Consistency influences altered auditory feedback processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 2371-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K Franken ◽  
Daniel J Acheson ◽  
James M McQueen ◽  
Peter Hagoort ◽  
Frank Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
Consistent Condition ◽  
Consistency Effect ◽  
Speech Motor

Previous research on the effect of perturbed auditory feedback in speech production has focused on two types of responses. In the short term, speakers generate compensatory motor commands in response to unexpected perturbations. In the longer term, speakers adapt feedforward motor programmes in response to feedback perturbations, to avoid future errors. The current study investigated the relation between these two types of responses to altered auditory feedback. Specifically, it was hypothesised that consistency in previous feedback perturbations would influence whether speakers adapt their feedforward motor programmes. In an altered auditory feedback paradigm, formant perturbations were applied either across all trials (the consistent condition) or only to some trials, whereas the others remained unperturbed (the inconsistent condition). The results showed that speakers’ responses were affected by feedback consistency, with stronger speech changes in the consistent condition compared with the inconsistent condition. Current models of speech-motor control can explain this consistency effect. However, the data also suggest that compensation and adaptation are distinct processes, which are not in line with all current models.

scholarly journals Redistribution of neural phase coherence reflects establishment of feedforward map in speech motor adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 2471-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranit Sengupta ◽  
Sazzad M. Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Phase Coherence ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Speech Learning ◽  
Speech Motor

Despite recent progress in our understanding of sensorimotor integration in speech learning, a comprehensive framework to investigate its neural basis is lacking at behaviorally relevant timescales. Structural and functional imaging studies in humans have helped us identify brain networks that support speech but fail to capture the precise spatiotemporal coordination within the networks that takes place during speech learning. Here we use neuronal oscillations to investigate interactions within speech motor networks in a paradigm of speech motor adaptation under altered feedback with continuous recording of EEG in which subjects adapted to the real-time auditory perturbation of a target vowel sound. As subjects adapted to the task, concurrent changes were observed in the theta-gamma phase coherence during speech planning at several distinct scalp regions that is consistent with the establishment of a feedforward map. In particular, there was an increase in coherence over the central region and a decrease over the fronto-temporal regions, revealing a redistribution of coherence over an interacting network of brain regions that could be a general feature of error-based motor learning in general. Our findings have implications for understanding the neural basis of speech motor learning and could elucidate how transient breakdown of neuronal communication within speech networks relates to speech disorders.

Precise feedback control underlies sensorimotor learning in speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 950-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Vaughn ◽  
Sazzad M. Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensorimotor Learning ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Auditory Speech ◽  
Speech Motor Learning ◽  
Speech Motor

Acquiring the skill of speaking in another language, or for that matter a child's learning to talk, does not follow a single recipe. People learn by variable amounts. A major component of speech learnability seems to be sensing precise feedback errors to correct subsequent utterances that help maintain speech goals. We have tested this idea in a speech motor learning paradigm under altered auditory feedback, in which subjects repeated a word while their auditory feedback was changed online. Subjects learned the task to variable degrees, with some simply failing to learn. We assessed feedback contribution by computing one-lag covariance between formant trajectories of the current feedback and the following utterance that was found to be a significant predictor of learning. Our findings rely on a novel use of information-rich formant trajectories in evaluating speech motor learning and argue for their relevance in auditory speech goals of vowel sounds.

scholarly journals Recalibration of auditory perception of speech due to orofacial somatosensory inputs during speech motor adaptation

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 2076-2084
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ohashi ◽  
Takayuki Ito
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Speech Motor

Speech motor control and learning rely on both somatosensory and auditory inputs. Somatosensory inputs associated with speech production can also affect the process of auditory perception of speech, and the somatosensory-auditory interaction may play a fundamental role in auditory perception of speech. In this report, we show that the somatosensory system contributes to perceptual recalibration, separate from its role in motor function. Subjects participated in speech motor adaptation to altered auditory feedback. Auditory perception of speech was assessed in phonemic identification tests before and after speech adaptation. To investigate a role of the somatosensory system in motor adaptation and subsequent perceptual change, we applied orofacial skin stretch in either a backward or forward direction during the auditory feedback alteration as a somatosensory modulation. We found that the somatosensory modulation did not affect the amount of adaptation at the end of training, although it changed the rate of adaptation. However, the perception following speech adaptation was altered depending on the direction of the somatosensory modulation. Somatosensory inflow rather than motor outflow thus drives changes to auditory perception of speech following speech adaptation, suggesting that somatosensory inputs play an important role in tuning of perceptual system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article reports that the somatosensory system works not equally with the motor system, but predominantly in the calibration of auditory perception of speech by speech production.

scholarly journals Altered auditory feedback induces coupled changes in formant frequencies during speech production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding-lan Tang ◽  
Daniel R. Lametti ◽  
Kate E. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Speech Feedback ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractSpeaking is one of the most complicated motor behaviours, involving a large number of articulatory muscles which can move independently to command precise changes in speech acoustics. Here, we used real-time manipulations of speech feedback to test whether the acoustics of speech production (e.g. the formants) reflect independently controlled articulatory movements or combinations of movements. During repetitive productions of “head, bed, dead”, either the first (F1) or the second formant (F2) of vowels was shifted and fed back to participants. We then examined whether changes in production in response to these alterations occurred for only the perturbed formant or both formants. In Experiment 1, our results showed that participants who received increased F1 feedback significantly decreased their F1 productions in compensation, but also significantly increased the frequency of their F2 productions. The combined F1-F2 change moved the utterances closer to a known pattern of speech production (i.e. the vowel category “hid, bid, did”). In Experiment 2, we further showed that a downshift in frequency of F2 feedback also induced significant compensatory changes in both the perturbed (F2) and the unperturbed formant (F1) that were in opposite directions. Taken together, the results demonstrate that a shift in auditory feedback of a single formant drives combined changes in related formants. The results suggest that, although formants can be controlled independently, the speech motor system may favour a strategy in which changes in formant production are coupled to maintain speech production within specific regions of the vowel space corresponding to existing speech-sound categories.New & NoteworthyFindings from previous studies examining responses to altered auditory feedback are inconsistent with respect to the changes speakers make to their production. Speakers can compensate by specifically altering their production to offset the acoustic error in feedback. Alternatively, they may compensate by changing their speech production more globally to produce a speech sound closer to an existing category in their repertoire. Our study shows support for the latter strategy.

Masked Auditory Feedback Affects Speech Motor Learning of a Plosive Duration Contrast

Motor Control ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
Silvia C. Lipski ◽  
Stefanie Unger ◽  
Martine Grice ◽  
Ingo G. Meister
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Speech Motor Learning ◽  
Speech Motor

Adult speakers have developed precise forward models of articulation for their native language and seem to rely less on auditory sensory feedback. However, for learning of the production of new speech sounds, auditory perception provides a corrective signal for motor control. We assessed adult German speakers’ speech motor learning capacity in the absence of auditory feedback but with clear somatosensory information. Learners were presented with a nonnative singleton-geminate duration contrast of voiceless, unaspirated bilabial plosives /p/ vs. /pp/ which is present in Italian. We found that the lack of auditory feedback had no immediate effect but that deviating productions emerged during the course of learning. By the end of training, speakers with masked feedback produced strong lengthening of segments and showed more variation on their production than speakers with normal auditory feedback. Our findings indicate that auditory feedback is necessary for the learning of precise coordination of articulation even if somatosensory feedback is salient.

scholarly journals Opposing and following responses in sensorimotor speech control: Why responses go both ways

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Daniel J. Acheson ◽  
James McQueen ◽  
Peter Hagoort ◽  
Frank Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Speech Control ◽  
Related Response

When talking, speakers continuously monitor and use the auditory feedback of theirown voice to control and inform speech production processes. When speakers areprovided with auditory feedback that is perturbed in real time, most of themcompensate for this by opposing the feedback perturbation. But some speakers followthe perturbation. In the current study we investigated whether the state of the speechsystem at perturbation onset may determine what type of response (opposing orfollowing) is given. The results suggest that whether a perturbation-related response isopposing or following depends on ongoing fluctuations of the speech system: The motorsystem initially responds by doing the opposite of what it was doing. This effect and thenon-trivial proportion of following responses suggest that current production modelsare inadequate: They need to account for why responses to unexpected sensoryfeedback depend on the production-system’s state at the time of perturbation.

scholarly journals Contribution of sensory memory to speech motor learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ito ◽  
Jiachuan Bai ◽  
David J. Ostry
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Speech Motor Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
Speech Motor

In speech production, almost everyone achieves an exceptionally high level of proficiency. This is remarkable because speech involves some of the smallest and most carefully timed movements of which we are capable. The present paper demonstrates that sensory memory contributes to speech motor learning. Moreover, we report the surprising result that somatic sensory memory predicts speech motor learning, whereas auditory memory does not.

Speech Motor Control and Predicting Disordered Speech

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
H.A. Leeper
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Disordered Speech ◽  
Speech Motor

Abstract There are numerous theories of speech production that focus on motor control for regulation of speech output. One of the more prominent is the “pressure regulation-control” model that was developed from studies of the aerodynamic speech activities of normal speakers and individuals with cleft lip and palate and accompanying resonance and speech disorders. This theory aid in understanding the nature of maladaptive speech production related to velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI). Descriptions of experimental research will be employed to relate this theory to effective strategies of speech management for individuals with VPI.

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