Studying the visual system in awake monkeys: two classic papers by Robert H. Wurtz

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2495-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Visual Receptive Fields ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay looks at the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: Wurtz RH. Visual receptive fields of striate cortex neurons in awake monkeys. J Neurophysiol 32: 727–742, 1969 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/32/5/727 ). Wurtz RH. Comparison of effects of eye movements and stimulus movements on striate cortex neurons of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 32: 987–994, 1969 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/32/6/987 ).

scholarly journals Eye Movements Modulate Visual Receptive Fields of V4 Neurons

Neuron ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas S Tolias ◽  
Tirin Moore ◽  
Stelios M Smirnakis ◽  
Edward J Tehovnik ◽  
Athanassios G Siapas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Receptive Fields ◽  
V4 Neurons

Pioneers of cortical plasticity: six classic papers by Wiesel and Hubel

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2741-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Constantine-Paton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Body ◽  
Visual Deprivation ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Single Cell Responses ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay looks at six APS classic papers published by D. H. Hubel and T. N. Wiesel that first identified a developmental critical period for environment influenced receptive field plasticity in the visual pathway. These classic papers are freely available online. These are listed here, in chronological order. Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Effects of visual deprivation on morphology and physiology of cells in the cat's lateral geniculate body. J Neurophysiol 26: 978–993, 1963 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/26/6/978 ). Hubel DH, Wiesel TN. Receptive fields of cells in striate cortex of very young, visually inexperienced kittens. J Neurophysiol 26: 994–1002, 1963 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/26/6/994 ). Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye. J Neurophysiol 26: 1003–1017, 1963 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/26/6/1003 ). Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Comparison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral eye closure on cortical unit responses in kittens. J Neurophysiol 28: 1029–1040, 1965 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/28/6/1029 ). Hubel DH, Wiesel TN. Binocular interaction in striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint. J Neurophysiol 28: 1041–1059, 1965 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/28/6/1041 ). Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Extent of recovery from the effects of visual deprivation in kittens. J Neurophysiol 28: 1060–1072, 1965 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/28/6/1060 ).

Spatiotemporal structure of visual receptive fields in macaque superior colliculus

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 2653-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Churan ◽  
Daniel Guitton ◽  
Christopher C. Pack
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Spatiotemporal Structure ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Visual Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Targets

Saccades are useful for directing the high-acuity fovea to visual targets that are of behavioral relevance. The selection of visual targets for eye movements involves the superior colliculus (SC), where many neurons respond to visual stimuli. Many of these neurons are also activated before and during saccades of specific directions and amplitudes. Although the role of the SC in controlling eye movements has been thoroughly examined, far less is known about the nature of the visual responses in this area. We have, therefore, recorded from neurons in the intermediate layers of the macaque SC, while using a sparse-noise mapping procedure to obtain a detailed characterization of the spatiotemporal structure of visual receptive fields. We find that SC responses to flashed visual stimuli start roughly 50 ms after the onset of the stimulus and last for on average ∼70 ms. About 50% of these neurons are strongly suppressed by visual stimuli flashed at certain locations flanking the excitatory center, and the spatiotemporal pattern of suppression exerts a predictable influence on the timing of saccades. This suppression may, therefore, contribute to the filtering of distractor stimuli during target selection. We also find that saccades affect the processing of visual stimuli by SC neurons in a manner that is quite similar to the saccadic suppression and postsaccadic enhancement that has been observed in the cortex and in perception. However, in contrast to what has been observed in the cortex, decreased visual sensitivity was generally associated with increased firing rates, while increased sensitivity was associated with decreased firing rates. Overall, these results suggest that the processing of visual stimuli by SC receptive fields can influence oculomotor behavior and that oculomotor signals originating in the SC can shape perisaccadic visual perception.

scholarly journals Vision as oculomotor reward: cognitive contributions to the dynamic control of saccadic eye movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wolf ◽  
Markus Lappe
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Saccade Target ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Foveal Vision ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
High Level

AbstractHumans and other primates are equipped with a foveated visual system. As a consequence, we reorient our fovea to objects and targets in the visual field that are conspicuous or that we consider relevant or worth looking at. These reorientations are achieved by means of saccadic eye movements. Where we saccade to depends on various low-level factors such as a targets’ luminance but also crucially on high-level factors like the expected reward or a targets’ relevance for perception and subsequent behavior. Here, we review recent findings how the control of saccadic eye movements is influenced by higher-level cognitive processes. We first describe the pathways by which cognitive contributions can influence the neural oculomotor circuit. Second, we summarize what saccade parameters reveal about cognitive mechanisms, particularly saccade latencies, saccade kinematics and changes in saccade gain. Finally, we review findings on what renders a saccade target valuable, as reflected in oculomotor behavior. We emphasize that foveal vision of the target after the saccade can constitute an internal reward for the visual system and that this is reflected in oculomotor dynamics that serve to quickly and accurately provide detailed foveal vision of relevant targets in the visual field.

Estimation of dose-response curves and identification of peaks in hormone pulsations: classic marriages of statistics to science

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. E363-E365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Curran-Everett
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Radioligand Assay ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Physiological Dose ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay examines the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: De Léan A, Munson PJ, and Rodbard D. Simultaneous analysis of families of sigmoidal curves: application to bioassay, radioligand assay, and physiological dose-response curves. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Gastrointest Physiol 235: E97–E102, 1978 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/235/2/E97 ). Merriam GR and Wachter KW.Algorithms for the study of episodic hormone secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 243: E310–E318, 1982 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/243/4/E310 ).

Receptive fields of disparity-selective neurons in macaque striate cortex

10.1038/12199 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Livingstone ◽  
Doris Y. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields
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