Duration-Dependent Response of SI to Vibrotactile Stimulation in Squirrel Monkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Simons ◽  
J. Chiu ◽  
O. V. Favorov ◽  
B. L. Whitsel ◽  
M. Tommerdahl
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Stimulus Amplitude ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Responses ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Topographical Organization ◽  
Discrete Site ◽  
Cortical Regions

In previous studies, we showed that the spatial and intensive aspects of the SI response to skin flutter stimulation are modified systematically as stimulus amplitude is increased. In this study, we examined the effects of duration of skin flutter stimulation on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the response of SI cortex. Optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging was used to study the evoked response in SI of anesthetized squirrel monkeys to 25-Hz sinusoidal vertical skin displacement stimulation. Four stimulus durations were tested (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 s); all stimuli were delivered to a discrete site on the glabrous skin of the contralateral forelimb. Skin stimulation evoked a prominent increase in absorbance within the forelimb regions in SI of the contralateral hemisphere. Responses to brief (0.5 s) stimuli were weaker and spatially more extensive than responses to longer duration stimuli (1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 s). Stimuli ≥1 s in duration suppressed responses to below background levels (decreased absorbance) in regions that surrounded the maximally activated region. The magnitude of the suppression in the surrounding regions was nonuniform and usually was strongest medial and posterior to the maximally activated region. The results show that sustained (≥1.0 s) stimulation decreases the spatial extent of the responding SI cortical population. Registration of the optical responses with the previously documented SI topographical organization strongly suggests that the cortical regions that undergo the strongest suppression represent skin sites that are normally co-stimulated during tactile exploration.

Responses of Contralateral SI and SII in Cat to Same-Site Cutaneous Flutter Versus Vibration

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1982-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tommerdahl ◽  
B. L. Whitsel ◽  
O. V. Favorov ◽  
C. B. Metz ◽  
B. L. O’Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Metabolic Mapping ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Principal Effect ◽  
Absorbance Changes ◽  
Stimulation Experiments ◽  
Stimulation Of

The methods of14C-2-deoxyglucose (14C-2DG) metabolic mapping and optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging were used to evaluate the response evoked in the contralateral primary somatosensory receiving areas (SI and SII) of anesthetized cats by either 25 Hz (“flutter”) or 200 Hz (“vibration”) sinusoidal vertical skin displacement stimulation of the central pad on the distal forepaw. Unilateral 25-Hz stimulation consistently evoked a localized region of elevated14C-2DG uptake in both SI and SII in the contralateral hemisphere. In contrast, 200-Hz stimulation did not evoke elevated14C-2DG uptake in the contralateral SI but evoked a prominent, localized region of increased 14C-2DG uptake in the contralateral SII. Experiments in which the OIS was recorded yielded results that complemented and extended the findings obtained with the 2DG method. First, 25-Hz central-pad stimulation evoked an increase in absorbance in a region in the contralateral SI and SII that corresponded closely to the region in which a similar stimulus evoked increased 14C-2DG uptake. Second, 200-Hz stimulation of the central pad consistently evoked a substantial increase in absorbance in the contralateral SII but very little or no increase in absorbance in the contralateral SI. And third, 200-Hz central-pad stimulation usually evoked a decrease in absorbance in the same contralateral SI region that underwent an increase in absorbance during same-site 25-Hz stimulation. Experiments in which the OIS responses of both SI and SII were recorded simultaneously demonstrated that continuous (>1 s) 25-Hz central-pad stimulation evokes a prominent increase in absorbance in both SI and SII in the contralateral hemisphere, whereas only SII undergoes a sustained prominent increase in absorbance in response to 200-Hz stimulation to the same central-pad site. SI exhibits an initial, transient increase in absorbance in response to 200-Hz stimulation and at durations of stimulation >1 s, undergoes a decrease in absorbance. It was found that the stimulus-evoked absorbance changes in the contralateral SI and SII are correlated significantly during vibrotactile stimulation of the central pad—positively with 25-Hz stimulation and negatively with 200-Hz stimulation. The findings are interpreted to indicate that 25-Hz central-pad stimulation of the central pad evokes spatially localized and vigorous neuronal activation within both SI and SII in the contralateral hemisphere and that although 200-Hz stimulation evokes vigorous and well maintained neuronal activation within the contralateral SII, the principal effect on the contralateral SI of a 200-Hz stimulus lasting >1 s is inhibitory.

Anterior parietal cortical response to tactile and skin-heating stimuli applied to the same skin site

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2662-2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tommerdahl ◽  
K. A. Delemos ◽  
C. J. Vierck ◽  
O. V. Favorov ◽  
B. L. Whitsel
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Spike Discharge ◽  
Skin Site ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Discharge Activity ◽  
Area 3A ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The response of anterior parietal cortex to skin stimuli was evaluated with optical intrinsic signal imaging and extracellular microelectrode recording methods in anesthetized squirrel monkeys. 2. Nonnoxious mechanical stimulation (vibrotactile or skin tapping) of the contralateral radial interdigital pad was accompanied by a decrease in reflectance (at 833 nm) in sectors of cytoarchitectonic areas 3b and 1. This intrinsic signal was in register with regions shown by previous receptive field mapping studies to receive low-threshold mechanoreceptor input from the radial interdigital pad. 3. A skin-heating stimulus applied to the contralateral radial interdigital pad with a stationary probe/thermode evoked no discernable intrinsic signal in areas 3b and 1, but evoked a signal within a circumscribed part of area 3a. The region of area 3a responsive to skin heating with the stationary probe/thermode was adjacent to the areas 3b and 1 regions that developed an intrinsic signal in response to vibrotactile stimulation of the same skin site. Skin heating with a stationary probe/thermode also evoked intrinsic signal in regions of areas 4 and 2 neighboring the area 3b/1 regions activated by vibrotactile stimulation of the contralateral radial interdigital pad. 4. The intrinsic signal evoked in area 3a by a series of heating stimuli to the contralateral radial interdigital pad (applied with a stationary probe/thermode) increased progressively in magnitude with repeated stimulation (exhibited slow temporal summation) and remained above prestimulus levels for a prolonged period after termination of repetitive stimulation. 5. Brief mechanical stimuli (,taps”) applied to the contralateral radial interdigital pad with a probe/thermode maintained either at 37 degrees C or at 52 degrees C were accompanied by the development of an intrinsic signal in both area 3a and areas 3b/1. For the 52 degrees C stimulus, the area 3a intrinsic signal was larger and the intrinsic signal in areas 3b/1 smaller than the corresponding signals evoked by the 37 degrees C stimulus. 6. Spike discharge activity was recorded from area 3a neurons during a repetitive heating stimulus applied with a stationary probe/ thermode to the contralateral radial interdigital pad. Like the area 3a intrinsic signal elicited by repetitive heating of the same skin site, the area 3a neuron spike discharge activity also exhibited slow temporal summation and poststimulus response persistence. 7. The experimental findings suggest 1) a leading role for area 3a in the anterior parietal cortical processing of skin-heating stimuli, and 2) the presence of inhibitory interactions between the anterior parietal responses to painful and vibrotactile stimuli consistent with those demonstrated in recent cortical imaging and psychophysical studies of human subjects.

scholarly journals Plastic Change along the Intact Crossed Pathway in Acute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia Revealed by Optical Intrinsic Signal Imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Guo ◽  
Yongzhi He ◽  
Hongyang Lu ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Somatosensory Input ◽  
Strong Stimulation ◽  
Photothrombotic Stroke ◽  
Plastic Change ◽  
Depressed Response

The intact crossed pathway via which the contralesional hemisphere responds to the ipsilesional somatosensory input has shown to be affected by unilateral stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasticity of the intact crossed pathway in response to different intensities of stimulation in a rodent photothrombotic stroke model. Using optical intrinsic signal imaging, an overall increase of the contralesional cortical response was observed in the acute phase (≤48 hours) after stroke. In particular, the contralesional hyperactivation is more prominent under weak stimulations, while a strong stimulation would even elicit a depressed response. The results suggest a distinct stimulation-response pattern along the intact crossed pathway after stroke. We speculate that the contralesional hyperactivation under weak stimulations was due to the reorganization for compensatory response to the weak ipsilateral somatosensory input.

scholarly journals Stimulus Parameters Influence Characteristics of Optical Intrinsic Signal Responses in Somatosensory Cortex

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne J. Blood ◽  
Sanjiv M. Narayan ◽  
Arthur W. Toga
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Signal Response

Optical imaging of intrinsic signals was performed in the barrel cortex of the rat during whisker deflections of varying frequencies (1 to 20 Hz) and durations (0.1 to 5 s). A dose–response relationship was shown between these stimuli and the characteristics of the optically recorded intrinsic signal response. At constant frequencies, longer stimulus durations increased response magnitude, as defined by mean pixel value in statistically determined regions of interest. At constant durations, higher stimulus frequencies increased response magnitude. Response magnitude was also increased by greater numbers of deflections. When stimulus number was constant, there were no differences in response magnitude, regardless of stimulus frequency and duration. Spatial extent of responses, as defined by number of pixels in regions of interest, did not differ between stimulus frequencies, durations, or numbers. Comparison of the time to reach peak intrinsic signal response after stimulus onset (“time-to-peak”) suggested that higher frequencies were associated with faster time-to-peak. Registration of intrinsic signal responses with cytochrome oxidase-stained whisker barrels demonstrated that responses were located over the barrel corresponding to the stimulated whisker. In summary, we have shown that the absolute number of stimuli delivered to the system is, at least for short stimulus periods (≤5 s), a determining factor for the magnitude of these responses, whereas stimulus frequency appears to influence time-to-peak response.

Blood volume and optical intrinsic signal imaging of cortical spreading depression

NeuroImage ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. S770
Author(s):  
A.M. O'Farrell ◽  
D.E. Rex ◽  
A. Muthialu ◽  
G.K. Wong ◽  
N. Pouratian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cortical Spreading Depression ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal

scholarly journals Neurosurgical brain tumor detection based on intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging technique: A case report of glioblastoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin‐Rui Liu ◽  
Tien‐Yu Hsiao ◽  
Yun‐Qian Li ◽  
Kai‐Shih Chiu ◽  
Chun‐Jung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal

scholarly journals Differential effects of anesthetics on resting state functional connectivity in the mouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Xie ◽  
David Y Chung ◽  
Sreekanth Kura ◽  
Kazutaka Sugimoto ◽  
Sanem A Aykan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Important Approach

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is a standard approach to examine resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), but fMRI in animal models is challenging. Recently, functional optical intrinsic signal imaging—which relies on the same hemodynamic signal underlying BOLD fMRI—has been developed as a complementary approach to assess RSFC in mice. Since it is difficult to ensure that an animal is in a truly resting state while awake, RSFC measurements under anesthesia remain an important approach. Therefore, we systematically examined measures of RSFC using non-invasive, widefield optical intrinsic signal imaging under five different anesthetics in male C57BL/6J mice. We find excellent seed-based, global, and interhemispheric connectivity using tribromoethanol (Avertin) and ketamine–xylazine, comparable to results in the literature including awake animals. Urethane anesthesia yielded intermediate results, while chloral hydrate and isoflurane were both associated with poor RSFC. Furthermore, we found a correspondence between the strength of RSFC and the power of low-frequency hemodynamic fluctuations. In conclusion, Avertin and ketamine–xylazine provide robust and reproducible measures of RSFC in mice, whereas chloral hydrate and isoflurane do not.

Response of Anterior Parietal Cortex to Cutaneous Flutter Versus Vibration

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tommerdahl ◽  
K. A. Delemos ◽  
B. L. Whitsel ◽  
O. V. Favorov ◽  
C. B. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Skin Site ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Area 3B ◽  
Stimulation Of

The response of anesthetized squirrel monkey anterior parietal (SI) cortex to 25 or 200 Hz sinusoidal vertical skin displacement stimulation was studied using the method of optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging. Twenty-five-Hertz (“flutter”) stimulation of a discrete skin site on either the hindlimb or forelimb for 3–30 s evoked a prominent increase in absorbance within cytoarchitectonic areas 3b and 1 in the contralateral hemisphere. This response was confined to those area 3b/1 regions occupied by neurons with a receptive field (RF) that includes the stimulated skin site. In contrast, same-site 200-Hz stimulation (“vibration”) for 3–30 s evoked a decrease in absorbance in a much larger territory (most frequently involving areas 3b, 1, and area 3a, but in some subjects area 2 as well) than the region that undergoes an increase in absorbance during 25-Hz flutter stimulation. The increase in absorbance evoked by 25-Hz flutter developed quickly and remained relatively constant for as long as stimulation continued (stimulus duration never exceeded 30 s). At 1–3 s after stimulus onset, the response to 200-Hz stimulation, like the response to 25-Hz flutter, consisted of a localized increase in absorbance limited to the topographically appropriate region of area 3b and/or area 1. With continuing 200-Hz stimulation, however, the early response declined, and by 4–6 s after stimulus onset, it was replaced by a prominent and spatially extensive decrease in absorbance. The spike train responses of single quickly adapting (QA) neurons were recorded extracellularly during microelectrode penetrations that traverse the optically responding regions of areas 3b and 1. Onset of either 25- or 200-Hz stimulation at a site within the cutaneous RF of a QA neuron was accompanied by a substantial increase in mean spike firing rate. With continued 200-Hz stimulation, however, QA neuron mean firing rate declined rapidly (typically within 0.5–1.0 s) to a level below that recorded at the same time after onset of same-site 25-Hz stimulation. For some neurons, the mean firing rate after the initial 0.5–1 s of an exposure to 200-Hz stimulation of the RF decreased to a level below the level of background (“spontaneous”) activity. The decline in both the stimulus-evoked increases in absorbance in areas 3b/1 and spike discharge activity of area 3b/1 neurons within only a few seconds of the onset of 200-Hz skin stimulation raised the possibility that the predominant effect of continuous 200-Hz stimulation for >3 s is inhibition of area 3b/1 QA neurons. This possibility was evaluated at the neuronal population level by comparing the intrinsic signal evoked in areas 3b/1 by 25-Hz skin stimulation to the intrinsic signal evoked by a same-site skin stimulus containing both 25- and 200-Hz sinusoidal components (a “complex waveform stimulus”). Such experiments revealed that the increase in absorbance evoked in areas 3b/1 by a stimulus having both 25- and 200-Hz components was substantially smaller (especially at times >3 s after stimulus onset) than the increase in absorbance evoked by “pure” 25-Hz stimulation of the same skin site. It is concluded that within a brief time (within 1–3 s) after stimulus onset, 200-Hz skin stimulation elicits a powerful inhibitory action on area 3b/1 QA neurons. The findings appear generally consistent with the suggestion that the activity of neurons in cortical regions other than areas 3b and 1 play the leading role in the processing of high-frequency (≥200 Hz) vibrotactile stimuli.

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