A new type of recording chamber with an easy-to-exchange microdrive array for chronic recordings in macaque monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 3092-3105 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Orlando Galashan ◽  
Hanna C. Rempel ◽  
Anneke Meyer ◽  
Eva Gruber-Dujardin ◽  
Andreas K. Kreiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multielectrode Array ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Recording Site ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
New Type ◽  
Bidirectional Movement ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Awake Animal

In monkeys, long-term recordings with chronically implanted microelectrodes frequently suffer from a continuously decreasing probability to record single units or even small multiunit clusters. This problem is associated with two technical limitations of the available devices: first, restrictions for electrode movement, and second, absent possibility to exchange electrodes easily on a regular basis. Permitting to adjust the recording site and to use new recording tracks with proper electrodes may avoid these problems and make chronic more similar to acute recordings. Here, we describe a novel type of implant tackling this issue. It consists of a new type of recording chamber combined with an exchangeable multielectrode array that precisely fits into it. The multielectrode array is reversibly fixed to the chamber, and within a minute it can be exchanged against another array equipped with new electrodes at the awake animal. The array allows for bidirectional movement of six electrodes for a distance of up to 12 mm. The recording chamber enables hermetical isolation of the intracranial space, resulting in long-lasting aseptic conditions and reducing dural thickening to a minimum, as confirmed by microbiological and histopathological analysis. The device has a simple design and is both easy to produce and low in cost. Functionality has been tested in primary and secondary visual cortex of three macaque monkeys over a period of up to 15 mo. The results show that even after more than a year, single and multiunit responses can be obtained with high incidence.

Apophysites – Revue de la littérature et ­nouvelles directions

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ossification Center ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Pathology Education ◽  
Main Factor

Apophysitis are part of the growth-related diseases within youth athlete population. Despite their high incidence within this growing cohort, many doubts remain. The physiopathology is still debated. Initially, the fragmentation of the ossification center was seen as the main factor of the disease. For few years, this theory has been questioned due to consistent signs of tendon suffering. Apophysitis may have some negative long-term effect on a sporting career. There is currently poor scientific evidence on the optimal management and no treatment has been widely accepted. Prevention remains the most powerful intervention in this particular pathology. Education of the athlete’s sporting entourage (family, coaches and health staff) and the athlete himself is necessary to act quickly and adapt the training load to decrease mechanical stress on the suffering apophysis.

scholarly journals Current and New Approaches to Predict the Deflections of One-Way Flexural Members with a Focus on Composite Steel Deck Slabs Voided by Circular Tubes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Chang-Hwan Lee ◽  
Iman Mansouri ◽  
Jaehoon Bae ◽  
Jaeho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Function ◽  
Flexural Members ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Deck Slabs ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Prediction Approach ◽  
Steel Deck

A new type of composite voided slab, the TUBEDECK (TD), which utilizes the structural function of profiled steel decks, has recently been proposed. Previous studies have confirmed that the flexural strength of TD slabs can be calculated based on the full composite contribution of the steel deck, but for long-span flexural members, the deflection serviceability requirement is often dominant. Herein, we derived a novel deflection prediction approach using the results of flexural tests on slab specimens, focusing on TD slabs. First, deflection prediction based on modifications of the current code was proposed. Results revealed that TD slabs exhibited smaller long-term deflections and at least 10% longer maximum span lengths than solid slabs, indicating their greater efficiency. Second, a novel rational method was derived for predicting deflections without computing the effective moment of inertia. The ultimate deflections predicted by the proposed method correlated closely with the deflection under maximum bending moments. To calculate immediate deflections, variation functions for the concrete strain at the extreme compression fiber and neutral axis depth were assumed with predictions in good agreement with experiments. The proposed procedure has important implications in highlighting a new perspective on the deflection prediction of reinforced concrete and composite flexural members.

Solvent-Based Polymer Swelling Characterization for the Development of the Nano/Micro-Particle Polymer Composite MEMS Corrosion Sensor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pan ◽  
Abdoul Kader Maiga ◽  
Po-Hao Adam Huang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Products ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Polymer Swelling ◽  
Corrosion Sensor ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
New Type ◽  
Oxide Removal

The concept of using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for in-situ corrosion sensing and for long-term applications has been proposed and is currently under development by our research lab. This is a new type of sensing using MEMS technology and, to the knowledge of our team, has not been explored previously. The MEMS corrosion sensor is based on the oxidation of metal nano/micro-particle embedded in elastomeric polymer to form a composite sensing element. The polymer controls the diffusion into and out of the sensor while the corrosion of the metal particles inhibits electrical conduction which is used as the detection signal. The work presented here is based on part of the methods developed for the removal of native and process-induced metal oxides. A major aspect is the study of the swelling dynamics of the polymer matrix (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) intended for enhancing material transport of etchants into and reaction products out of the composite during oxide removal. More specifically, the characterization of the swelling of copper particles-PDMS composite samples in liquid solvent baths is presented.

scholarly journals Economic components of the morbidity and rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system as factors of the organization of the system of physical therapy at the ambulatory stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
S. М. Fedorenko ◽  
M. S. Balazh ◽  
V. V. Vitomskyi ◽  
О.B. Lazarіeva ◽  
M. V. Vitomskа
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Permanent Loss ◽  
Need For Rehabilitation

<p><strong>The aim</strong>:  to consider the economic consequences of morbidity and rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system (MSS) among the able-bodied population to confirm the economic feasibility of using physical therapy and the development of its system in the country in order to reduce losses from MSS pathologies in Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong>: the data of 63 literature sources on the prevalence of MSS diseases among the working population, their economic consequences (payments for treatment, employers' losses), the role of rehabilitation, physical therapy in reducing financial costs, and the needs of the population in rehabilitation and physical therapy were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Occupational diseases of the MSS are characterized by long-term disability and a high incidence of disability. The effectiveness of rehabilitation, including economic, with injuries and diseases of the MSS was given great attention in the works of domestic and foreign authors. A significant amount of research has confirmed that the funds spent on the implementation of rehabilitation are reimbursed many times by reducing the periods of temporary and permanent loss of working capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The economic feasibility of directing the funds for rehabilitation and physical therapy in pathologies of the MSS is reflected in the short duration of disability, the period of adaptation of patients to work, and the need for rehabilitation. Therefore, channeling funds into building a rehabilitation and physical therapy system in Ukraine is appropriate in the framework of medical reform and will have long-term positive economic consequences.</p>

scholarly journals Autoregulation in Resistance Training for Lower Limb Tendinopathy: A Potential Method for Addressing Individual Factors, Intervention Issues and Inadequate Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Burton
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Training Protocols

Musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinopathy are having an increasing burden on society and health systems. Tendinopathy is responsible for up to 30% of musculoskeletal disorders, having a high incidence in athletes and the general population. Although resistance training has shown short-term effectiveness for treating lower limb tendinopathy, more comprehensive exercise protocols and progression methods are required due to poor long-term outcomes. The most common resistance training protocols are pre-determined and standardised, which presents significant limitations. Current standardized protocols do not adhere to scientific resistance training principles and do not consider individual factors or take the importance of individualised training into account. Resistance training programs in tendinopathy are currently not achieving required intensity and dosage, leading to high recurrence rates. Therefore, better methods for individualising and progressing resistance training are required to improve outcomes. One potential method is autoregulation, which allows individuals to progress training at their own rate, taking individual factors into account. Despite being found effective for increasing strength in healthy athletes, autoregulation methods have not been investigated in tendinopathy. The purpose of this article was threefold: first to give an overview of individual factors in tendinopathy and current resistance training protocols in tendinopathy and their limitations. Secondly, to give an overview of the history, methods and application of autoregulation strategies both in sports performance and physiotherapy. Finally, a theoretical adaptation of a tendinopathy resistance training protocol with autoregulation methods is presented, providing an example of how the method could be implemented in clinical practice or future research.

scholarly journals CHRONIC TRAUMATIC DISLOCATION OF II-V METACARPAL BONES: CASE REPORT

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovich Zavarukhin ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Morenko ◽  
Sergey Ivanovich Golyana ◽  
Anton Vladimirovich Govorov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Carpometacarpal Joints ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Traumatic Dislocation ◽  
Type Of Injury

Dislocations in the carpometacarpal joints of three-phalanx fingers are rare form of injury. Their clinical manifestations are often veiled by swelling, and radiographs in standard views provide little information, which leads to difficulty in diagnosis and a high incidence of unidentified dislocations in the primary treatment. The article describes the basic provisions of the diagnosis and treatment of this type of injury, a clinical case of surgical treatment of undiagnosed dislocations of II-V metacarpal bones in the acute period, and long-term results of treatment.

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