scholarly journals Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate the neural mechanisms of inhibitory control

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1587-1590
Author(s):  
Rohan Puri ◽  
Tess Nikitenko ◽  
Sarah Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Excitatory Pathways

Many everyday actions require inhibitory control. The success of these actions depends on the availability of prior information regarding stopping demands. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Cirillo and colleagues (Cirillo J, Cowie MJ, MacDonald HJ, Byblow WD. J Neurophysiol 119: 877–886, 2018) provide novel neurophysiological evidence for distinct roles of intracortical inhibitory mechanisms underlying inhibitory control. Other, nonexclusive mechanisms such as disfacilitation of excitatory pathways and interhemispheric inhibition may also contribute to inhibitory control. Accordingly, diverse TMS protocols are a valuable assessment tool to investigate these mechanisms.

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity Changes on Human Motor Cortex Induced by Acupuncture Therapy: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Ines Eisner ◽  
Siqi Chen ◽  
Shaosong Wang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Acupuncture Therapy ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Interhemispheric Competition ◽  
Resting Motor Threshold

While neuroplasticity changes measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation have been proved to be highly correlated to motor recovery and have been tested in various forms of interventions, it has not been applied to investigate the neurophysiologic mechanism of acupuncture therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate neuroplasticity changes induced by a single session of acupuncture therapy in healthy adults, regarding the excitability change on bilateral primary motor cortex and interhemispheric inhibition. Ten subjects took a 30-minute acupuncture therapy and the same length relaxing phase in separate days. Transcranial magnetic stimulation measures, including resting motor threshold, amplitudes of motor-evoked potential, and interhemispheric inhibition, were assessed before and 10 minutes after intervention. Acupuncture treatment showed significant changes on potential amplitude from both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres to acupuncture compared to baseline. Also, interhemispheric inhibition from the contralateral motor cortex to the opposite showed a significant decline. The results indicated that corticomotoneuronal excitability and interhemispheric competition could be modulated by acupuncture therapy on healthy subjects. The following question about whether these changes will be observed in the same way on stroke patients and whether they correlate with the therapeutic effect on movement need to be answered by following studies. This trial is registered with ISRCTN13074245.

P407 Central inhibitory mechanisms are impaired in focal dystonia a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study

1996 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
S.R. Filipović ◽  
M. Ljubisavljević ◽  
M. Svetel ◽  
A. Kačar ◽  
S. Milanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Focal Dystonia ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms

scholarly journals Primary visual cortex excitability is not atypical in acquired synaesthesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lungu ◽  
Ryan Stewart ◽  
David P. Luke ◽  
Devin B. Terhune
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Cortical Hyperexcitability ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Phosphene Threshold ◽  
Threshold Range

AbstractA wealth of data suggests that psychedelic drugs elicit spontaneous perceptual states that resemble synaesthesia although it is unclear whether these different forms of synaesthesia share overlapping neural mechanisms. Multiple studies have shown that developmental and trained synaesthesia is characterized by selective hyperexcitability in primary visual cortex and it has been proposed that cortical hyperexcitability may contribute to induced and acquired synaesthesia. This study tested the prediction that a case of acquired synaesthesia (LW) would display selectively elevated primary visual cortex excitability, as reflected in lower transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) phosphene thresholds, but no difference in motor thresholds, relative to controls. In contrast to this prediction, LW’s phosphene threshold was well within the threshold range of controls. These results suggest that acquired synaesthesia is not characterized by atypical visual cortex excitability.

Cortico-spinal inhibition reflects time but not event preparation: neural mechanisms of preparation dissociated by transcranial magnetic stimulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 101 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 243-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Hasbroucq ◽  
Allen Osman ◽  
Camille-Aimé Possamaı̈ ◽  
Borı́s Burle ◽  
Stéphane Carron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Spinal Inhibition
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