scholarly journals Nature of Inhibitory Postsynaptic Activity in Developing Relay Cells of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 1063-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jokūbas Ziburkus ◽  
Fu-Sun Lo ◽  
William Guido
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Developing Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

Using intracellular recordings in an isolated (in vitro) brain stem preparation, we examined the inhibitory postsynaptic responses of developing neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the rat. As early as postnatal day (P) 1–2, 31% of all excitatory postsynaptic (EPSP) activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the optic tract was followed by inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). By P5, 98% of all retinally evoked EPSPs were followed by IPSP activity. During the first postnatal week, IPSPs were mediated largely by GABAA receptors. Additional GABAB-mediated IPSPs emerged at P3–4 but were not prevalent until after the first postnatal week. Experiments involving the separate stimulation of each optic nerve indicated that developing LGN cells were binocularly innervated. At P11–14, it was common to evoke EPSP/IPSP pairs by stimulating either the contralateral or ipsilateral optic nerve. During the third postnatal week, binocular excitatory responses were encountered far less frequently. However, a number of cells still maintained a binocular inhibitory response. These results provide insight about the ontogeny and nature of postsynaptic inhibitory activity in the LGN during the period of retinogeniculate axon segregation.

An Intrinsic Oscillation in Interneurons of the Rat Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 702-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Julius Zhu ◽  
William W. Lytton ◽  
Jin-Tang Xue ◽  
Daniel J. Uhlrich
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Bath Application ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Intrinsic Oscillation

Intrinsic oscillation in interneurons of the rat lateral geniculate nucleus. By using the whole cell patch recording technique in vitro, we examined the voltage-dependent firing patterns of 69 interneurons in the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). When held at a hyperpolarized membrane potential, all interneurons responded with a burst of action potentials. In 48 interneurons, larger current pulses produced a bursting oscillation. When relatively depolarized, some interneurons produced a tonic train of action potentials in response to a depolarizing current pulse. However, most interneurons produced only oscillations, regardless of polarization level. The oscillation was insensitive to the bath application of a combination of blockers to excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, including 30 μM 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, 100 μM (±)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, 20 μM bicuculline, and 2 mM saclofen, suggesting an intrinsic event. The frequency of the oscillation in interneurons was dependent on the intensity of the injection current. Increasing current intensity increased the oscillation frequency. The maximal frequency of the oscillation was 5–15 Hz for most cells, with some ambiguity caused by the difficulty of precisely defining a transition from oscillatory to regular firing behavior. In contrast, the interneuron oscillation was little affected by preceding depolarizing and hyperpolarizing pulses. In addition to being elicited by depolarizing current injections, the oscillation could also be initiated by electrical stimulation of the optic tract when the interneurons were held at a depolarized membrane potential. This suggests that interneurons may be recruited into thalamic oscillations by synaptic inputs. These results indicate that interneurons may play a larger role in thalamic oscillations than was previously thought.

scholarly journals Synaptic properties of the feedback connections from the thalamic reticular nucleus to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Campbell ◽  
Gubbi Govindaiah ◽  
Sean P. Masterson ◽  
Martha E. Bickford ◽  
William Guido
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Thalamic Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Dependent Form ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Feedback Connections ◽  
Spike Firing ◽  
Stimulation Of

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) modulates thalamocortical transmission through inhibition. In mouse, TRN terminals in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) form synapses with relay neurons but not interneurons. Stimulation of TRN terminals in dLGN leads to a frequency-dependent form of inhibition, with higher rates of stimulation leading to a greater suppression of spike firing. Thus, TRN inhibition appears more dynamic than previously recognized, having a graded rather than an all-or-none impact on thalamocortical transmission.

The multifaceted role of inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES L. COX ◽  
JOSEPH A. BEATTY
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Presynaptic Dendrites ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractIntrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have presynaptic dendrites that form dendrodendritic synapses onto thalamocortical neurons as well. These presynaptic dendrites, termed F2 terminals, are tightly coupled to the retinogeniculate afferents that synapse onto thalamocortical relay neurons. Retinogeniculate stimulation of F2 terminals can occur through the activation of ionotropic and/or metabotropic glutamate receptors. The stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors can occur with single stimuli and produces a short-lasting inhibition of the thalamocortical neuron. By contrast, activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors requires tetanic activation and results in longer-lasting inhibition in the thalamocortical neuron. The F2 terminals are predominantly localized to the distal dendrites of interneurons, and the excitation and output of F2 terminals can occur independent of somatic activity within the interneuron thereby allowing these F2 terminals to serve as independent processors, giving rise to focal inhibition. By contrast, strong transient depolarizations at the soma can initiate a backpropagating calcium-mediated potential that invades the dendritic arbor activating F2 terminals and leading to a global form of inhibition. These distinct types of output, focal versus global, could play an important role in the temporal and spatial roles of inhibition that in turn impacts thalamocortical information processing.

Unitary EPSCs of Corticogeniculate Fibers in the Rat Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus In Vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2952-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Granseth ◽  
Sivert Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Quantal Size ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate

To investigate unitary corticogeniculate excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from 20 principal cells in slices of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of DA-HAN rats. EPSCs, evoked by electrical stimulation of corticogeniculate axons, had size distributions with one or more quantal peaks. Gaussian curves fitted to such distributions gave a mean quantal size ( q) of -5.0 ± 0.7 (SD) pA for the EPSCs. Paired-pulse ratio (EPSC2/EPSC1) was 3.3 ± 0.9 for stimuli separated by 40 ms. The mean quantal size was similar for facilitated EPSCs (-5.2 ± 0.8 pA), implying an increase in mean quantal content ( m). Most corticogeniculate axons were capable of releasing only one or two quanta onto individual principal cells. Mean resting release probability ( p) was low, 0.09 ± 0.04. Binomial models, with the same n but increased p, could account for both the basal and facilitated EPSC size distributions in 6/8 cells. It is suggested that the low resting efficacy of corticogeniculate synapses serves to stabilize this excitatory feedback system. The pronounced facilitation in conjunction with large convergence from many corticogeniculate cells would provide a transient, potent excitation of dLGN cells, compliant with the idea of a visually driven neuronal amplifier.

Retinal Projections in the Northern Native Cat, Dasyurus-Hallucatus (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Harman ◽  
DP Crewther ◽  
JE Nelson ◽  
SG Crewther
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Accessory Optic System ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Retinal Projections ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Contralateral Eye ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate

The retinal projections of the northern native cat, Dasyurus hallucatus, were studied by the anterograde transport of tritiated proline and by autoradiography. Seven regions in the brain were found to receive direct retinal projections: (1) the suprachiasmatic nucleus; (2) the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; (3) the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus; (4) the lateral posterior nucleus; (5) the nuclei of the accessory optic tract; (6) the pretectal nuclei; (7) the superior colliculus. All nuclei studied received a bilateral retinal projection except the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system, in which only a contralateral input was found. The contralateral eye had a greater input in all cases. As with the related species, Dasyurus viverrinus, there is extensive binocular overlap in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd). In the LGNd contralateral to the injected eye, the autoradiographs show four contralateral terminal bands occupying most of the nucleus. The axonal terminations in the ipsilateral LGNd are more diffuse but show a faint lamination pattern of four bands. The ventral portion of the LGNd receives only contralateral retinal input, and therefore probably represents the monocular visual field. The other principal termination of the optic nerve, the superior colliculus, has a predominantly contralateral input to both sublayers of the stratum griseum superficiale. However, the ipsilateral fibres terminate only in patches in the more inferior sublayer.

Cholinergic influence of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus on neuronal activity in the rat lateral geniculate nucleus

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kayama ◽  
M. Takagi ◽  
T. Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Photic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus ◽  
Tegmental Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Relay Neurons

The effect of stimulation of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) on the activity of single neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was studied in rats anesthetized with urethan. The LDT is the largest aggregation of cholinergic neurons in the brain stem that project to the thalamus, and in the rat is sufficiently compact to permit its localized stimulation. Position of stimulating electrodes was confirmed on histological sections processed with NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, which in the rat brain stem selectively stains cholinergic neurons. Repetitive stimulation of the LDT at 200 Hz increased the firing rate of substantially all geniculate relay neurons and weakly depressed the activity of intrinsic interneurons. These effects usually occurred within several hundred milliseconds after the onset of stimulation and began to fade within a few seconds, despite continuing stimulation. The excitatory effects on relay neurons were blocked by scopolamine applied ionophoretically or intravenously, but not by noradrenergic antagonists, suggesting the cholinergic nature of LDT-induced excitation. During LDT stimulation the number of spikes evoked by photic stimulation of the receptive field of relay neurons usually increased, but it remained unchanged in a few cases. The increase was due to simple enhancement of photic responses or due to conversion of phasic type responses to tonic ones. As to the balance of background activity and photic responses, the effects of LDT stimulation varied from neuron to neuron. Even in a given neuron, the effects varied depending on its excitability level or the nature of the photic stimulation. These results show that the cholinergic projection from the LDT may be involved in the ascending reticular activating system, although the functional significance of the activating system in visual information processing in the geniculate nucleus remains to be clarified.

Retinogeniculate EPSPs recorded intracellularly in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus in vitro: Role of NMDA receptors

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Esguerra ◽  
Young H. Kwon ◽  
Mriganka Sur
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Lateral Geniculate

AbstractWe used an in vitro preparation of the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to examine the role of the NMDA class of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in retinogeniculate transmission. Intracellular recordings revealed that blockade of NMDA receptors both shortened the time course and reduced the amplitude of fast and slow components of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by optic tract stimulation. The amplitude and width of the EPSPs mediated by NMDA receptors increased as membrane potential was depolarized towards spike threshold. Individual LGN cells were influenced to varying extents by blockade of NMDA receptors; NMDA and non-NMDA receptor blockade together attenuated severely the entire retinogeniculate EPSP. The dependence of all components of retinogeniculate EPSPs (and action potentials) on NMDA receptor activation supports the hypothesis that the NMDA receptor participates in fast (<10 ms) synaptic events underlying conventional retinogeniculate transmission. The voltage dependence of the NMDA receptor-gated conductance suggests strongly that the transmission of retinal information through the LGN is subject to modulation by extraretinal inputs that affect the membrane potential of LGN neurons.

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