scholarly journals Scaling and coordination deficits during dynamic object manipulation in Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Snider ◽  
Dongpyo Lee ◽  
Deborah L. Harrington ◽  
Howard Poizner
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Object Manipulation ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Dynamic Object ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Peak Speed

The ability to reach for and dynamically manipulate objects in a dexterous fashion requires scaling and coordination of arm, hand, and fingertip forces during reach and grasp components of this behavior. The neural substrates underlying dynamic object manipulation are not well understood. Insight into the role of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in object manipulation can come from the study of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that scaling and coordination aspects of motor control are differentially affected by this disorder. We asked 20 PD patients and 23 age-matched control subjects to reach for, grasp, and lift virtual objects along prescribed paths. The movements were subdivided into two types, intensive (scaling) and coordinative, by detecting their underlying self-similarity. PD patients off medication were significantly impaired relative to control subjects for both aspects of movement. Intensive deficits, reduced peak speed and aperture, were seen during the reach. Coordinative deficits were observed during the reach, namely, the relative position along the trajectory at which peak speed and aperture were achieved, and during the lift, when objects tilted with respect to the gravitational axis. These results suggest that basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits may play an important role in fine motor coordination. Dopaminergic therapy significantly improved intensive but not coordinative aspects of movements. These findings are consistent with a framework in which tonic levels of dopamine in the dorsal striatum encode the energetic cost of a movement, thereby improving intensive or scaling aspects of movement. However, repletion of brain dopamine levels does not restore finely coordinated movement.

scholarly journals Changes in multifinger interaction and coordination in Parkinson's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaebum Park ◽  
Yen-Hsun Wu ◽  
Mechelle M. Lewis ◽  
Xuemei Huang ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Control Subjects

In this study, we tested several hypotheses related to changes in finger interaction and multifinger synergies during multifinger force production tasks in Parkinson's disease. Ten patients with Parkinson's disease, mostly early stage, and 11 healthy control subjects participated in the study. Synergies were defined as covaried adjustment of commands to fingers that stabilized the total force produced by the hand. Both Parkinson's disease patients and control subjects performed accurate isometric force production tasks with the fingers of both the dominant and nondominant hands. The Parkinson's disease patients showed significantly lower maximal finger forces and higher unintended force production (enslaving). These observations suggest that changes in supraspinal control have a major effect on finger individuation. The synergy indexes in the patients were weaker in both steady-state and cyclic force production tasks compared with the controls. These indexes also were stronger in the left (nondominant) hand in support of the dynamic-dominance hypothesis. Half of the patients could not perform the cyclic task at the highest frequency (2 Hz). Anticipatory adjustments of synergies prior to a quick force pulse production were delayed and reduced in the patients compared with the controls. Similar differences were observed between the asymptomatic hands of the patients with symptoms limited to one side of the body and matched hands of control subjects. Our study demonstrates that the elusive changes in motor coordination in Parkinson's disease can be quantified objectively, even in patients at a relatively early stage of the disease. The results suggest an important role of the basal ganglia in synergy formation and demonstrate a previously unknown component of impaired feedforward control in Parkinson's disease reflected in the reduced and delayed anticipatory synergy adjustments.

Postural Muscle Responses to Multidirectional Translations in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Dimitrova ◽  
Fay B. Horak ◽  
John G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Postural Perturbations ◽  
Muscle Responses

The postural adaptation impairments of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suggest that the basal ganglia may be important for quickly modifying muscle activation patterns when the direction of perturbation or stance conditions suddenly change. It is unknown whether their particular instability to backward postural perturbations is due to specific abnormalities of parkinsonian postural muscle synergies in that direction and not present in other directions. In the present study, we test this hypothesis by comparing the patterns of leg and trunk muscle activation in13 subjects with PD and 13 control subjects in response to eight randomly presented directions of horizontal surface translations while standing with either narrow or wide stance. The direction of maximum activation for each muscle was similar for PD and control subjects, suggesting that the basal ganglia is not critical for programming externally triggered postural synergies. However, antagonist muscle activation was earlier and larger in PD than in control subjects, resulting in coactivation. PD subjects also did not increase the magnitude of muscle activation as much as did control subjects when changing from wide to narrow stance. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that PD results in an inability to shape the pattern and magnitude of postural muscle responses for changes in perturbation direction and in stance position.

scholarly journals Terapia Ocupacional para escrita de pessoas com doença de Parkinson/Occupational Therapy for writing of people with Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-538
Author(s):  
Carolina Do Nascimento Cabral ◽  
Charleny Mary Ferreira de Santana ◽  
Weldma Karlla Coelho ◽  
Flávia Pereira da Silva ◽  
Lucas De Paiva Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Writing Performance

Introdução: A escrita manual corresponde a uma forma de comunicação com o objetivo de reproduzir informações para outras pessoas. Quando bem adquirida, a escrita é considerada um ato automático em que a pessoa a executa sem que haja o planejamento dos movimentos necessários. Traumas, lesões e outras disfunções podem alterar o desempenho da escrita, como ocorre na Doença de Parkinson (DP). Objetivo: Diante disso, teve-se como objetivo estudar a escrita manual de pessoas com Doença de Parkinson antes e após o treino da escrita e de habilidades manuais. Métodos: Este trabalho corresponde à análise dos dados de um estudo piloto, no qual participaram cinco pessoas com DP, todos com o membro direito dominante para a escrita. Os participantes foram submetidos a cinco intervenções, incluindo a avaliação e reavaliação. Resultados/Discussão: Os resultados mostram que houve melhora na legibilidade da escrita e que os sintomas clínicos apresentados pelos pacientes interferem negativamente no desempenho da escrita manual. Indica-se que esta proposta de tratamento seja implementada num tempo maior e que sejam incorporadas outras medidas de resultado para aprimorar as análises. Conclusão: Foi possível perceber que houve melhora no uso das habilidades motoras finas necessárias para o desempenho da escrita dos participantes, como melhora na precisão dos traços e na coordenação motora fina. Em relação ao treino da escrita, o estudo aponta que a utilização de pistas visuais, como por exemplo, tracejados, favorece a escrita manual.AbstractIntroduction: Manual writing corresponds to a form of communication for the purpose of reproducing information for other people. When well-received, writing is considered an automatic act in which the person performs it without planning the necessary movements. Trauma, injury, and other dysfunctions can alter writing performance, as occurs in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Objective: This study aimed to study the handwriting of people with Parkinson's disease before and after writing and manual skills training. Methods: This work corresponds to the analysis of the data of a pilot study, in which five people with PD participated, all with the dominant right member for writing. Participants underwent five interventions, including assessment and reevaluation. Results/Discussion:The results show that there was an improvement in the legibility of writing and that the clinical symptoms presented by the patients interfered negatively in the performance of manual writing. It is suggested that this treatment proposal be implemented in a longer time and that other outcome measures be incorporated to improve the analyzes. Conclusion: It was possible to notice that there was an improvement in the use of the fine motor skills necessary for the writing performance of the participants, such as improvement in the precision of the traces and fine motor coordination. In relation to writing training, the study points out that the use of visual cues, such as dashes, favors manual writing.Keywords: Handwriting; Motor Skills; Occupational Therapy; Parkinson Disease ResumenIntroducción: La escritura manual corresponde a una forma de comunicación con el objetivo de reproducir información a otras personas. Cuando es bien adquirida, la escritura es considerada un acto automático en que la persona la ejecuta sin que haya la planificación de los movimientos necesarios. Traumas, lesiones y otras disfunciones pueden alterar el desempeño de la escritura, como ocurre en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Objetivo: Estudiar la escritura manual de personas con enfermedad de Parkinson antes y después del entrenamiento de la escritura y de habilidades manuales. Métodos: Este trabajo corresponde al análisis de los datos de un estudio piloto, en el que participaron cinco personas con Parkinson, todos con el miembro derecho dominante para la escritura. Los participantes se sometieron a cinco intervenciones, incluida la evaluación y la reevaluación. Resultados/Discusión: Los resultados muestran que hubo mejoría en la legibilidad de la escritura y que los síntomas clínicos presentados por los pacientes interfieren negativamente en el desempeño de la escritura manual. Se indica que esta propuesta de tratamiento se aplique en un tiempo mayor y que se incorporen otras medidas de resultado para mejorar los análisis. Conclusión: Fue posible percibir que hubo mejoría en el uso de las habilidades motoras finas necesarias para el desempeño de la escritura de los participantes, como mejora en la precisión de los trazos y en la coordinación motora fina. En cuanto al entrenamiento de la escritura, el estudio apunta que la utilización de pistas visuales, como por ejemplo, discontinuas, favorece la escritura manual.Palabrasclave: Destreza Motora; Escritura Manual; Enfermedad de Parkinson; Terapia ocupacional. 

SPECT-Befunde bei Hemiparkinson-Syndrom mit 99mTc-HMPAO

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Neumann ◽  
H. Baas ◽  
R. Hefner ◽  
G. Hör
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
The Body ◽  
99Mtc Hmpao ◽  
Do So

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease often begin on one side of the body and continue to do so as the disease progresses. First SPECT results in 4 patients with hemiparkinsonism using 99mTc-HMPAO as perfusion marker are reported. Three patients exhibited reduced tracer uptake in the contralateral basal ganglia One patient who was under therapy for 1 year, showed a different perfusion pattern with reduced uptake in both basal ganglia. These results might indicate reduced perfusion secondary to reduced striatal neuronal activity.

scholarly journals Fibroblasts from idiopathic Parkinson’s disease exhibit deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity associated with reduced levels of the trafficking receptor LIMP2

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth B. Moloney ◽  
Zachary K. Macbain ◽  
Penelope J. Hallett ◽  
Ole Isacson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Lysosomal Hydrolase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Er Retention ◽  
Trafficking Receptor ◽  
N370s Mutation

AbstractLysosomal dysfunction is a central pathway associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Haploinsufficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase GBA (encoding glucocerebrosidase (GCase)) is one of the largest genetic risk factors for developing PD. Deficiencies in the activity of the GCase enzyme have been observed in human tissues from both genetic (harboring mutations in the GBA gene) and idiopathic forms of the disease. To understand the mechanisms behind the deficits of lysosomal GCase enzyme activity in idiopathic PD, this study utilized a large cohort of fibroblast cells from control subjects and PD patients with and without mutations in the GBA gene (N370S mutation) (control, n = 15; idiopathic PD, n = 31; PD with GBA N370S mutation, n = 6). The current data demonstrates that idiopathic PD fibroblasts devoid of any mutations in the GBA gene also exhibit reduction in lysosomal GCase activity, similar to those with the GBA N370S mutation. This reduced GCase enzyme activity in idiopathic PD cells was accompanied by decreased expression of the GBA trafficking receptor, LIMP2, and increased ER retention of the GBA protein in these cells. Importantly, in idiopathic PD fibroblasts LIMP2 protein levels correlated significantly with GCase activity, which was not the case in control subjects or in genetic PD GBA N370S cells. In conclusion, idiopathic PD fibroblasts have decreased GCase activity primarily driven by altered LIMP2-mediated transport of GBA to lysosome and the reduced GCase activity exhibited by  the genetic GBA N370S derived PD fibroblasts occurs through a different mechanism.

scholarly journals Corticostriatal Plastic Changes in Experimental L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Ghiglieri ◽  
Vincenza Bagetta ◽  
Valentina Pendolino ◽  
Barbara Picconi ◽  
Paolo Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Da Receptors ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), alteration of dopamine- (DA-) dependent striatal functions and pulsatile stimulation of DA receptors caused by the discontinuous administration of levodopa (L-DOPA) lead to a complex cascade of events affecting the postsynaptic striatal neurons that might account for the appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Experimental models of LID have been widely used and extensively characterized in rodents and electrophysiological studies provided remarkable insights into the inner mechanisms underlying L-DOPA-induced corticostriatal plastic changes. Here we provide an overview of recent findings that represent a further step into the comprehension of mechanisms underlying maladaptive changes of basal ganglia functions in response to L-DOPA and associated to development of LID.

The effect of striatal pre-enkephalin overexpression in the basal ganglia of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 2406-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Bissonnette ◽  
Sophie Muratot ◽  
Nathalie Vernoux ◽  
François Bezeau ◽  
Frédéric Calon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Mouse Model
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