Respiratory and circulatory effects of parietal pleural afferent stimulation in rabbits

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Jammes ◽  
Stéphane Delpierre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Parietal Pleura ◽  
Pleural Diseases ◽  
Circulatory Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood

Respiratory symptoms accompanying pleural diseases combine dyspnea, tachypnea, rapid shallow breathing, and sometimes hypotension. There are no experimental data on the changes in respiratory and circulatory functions elicited by the activation of pleural afferents. After removal of all muscles covering the 5th to 10th intercostal spaces, we investigated in paralyzed, vagotomized rabbits the changes in phrenic discharge, transpulmonary pressure, and systemic arterial pressure in response to an outwardly directed force exerted on the parietal pleura or the local application of solutions containing lactic acid or inflammatory mediators. Mechanical stimulation of the pleura induced an immediate decrease in both integrated phrenic discharge and arterial blood pressure, the responses being positively correlated with the magnitude of force applied on the pleura. No accompanying changes in ventilatory timing, transpulmonary pressure, or heart rate were measured. Lactic acid solution also elicited an inhibition of phrenic activity and a fall in blood pressure. Section of the internal intercostal nerves supplying the stimulated intercostal spaces totally abolished the responses to mechanical stimulation or lactic acid. An inflammatory mixture elicited only modest respiratory and circulatory effects. We concluded that an acute mechanical distension of the parietal pleura as well as its chemical stimulation by lactic acid elicit a marked inhibition of phrenic motoneurons combined to a reduction of the sympathetic outflow to the circulatory system.

Vasomotor waves of arterial blood pressure after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass in man

Perfusion ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
V. Vainionpää ◽  
A. Hollme'n ◽  
J. Timisjärvi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Heart Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epicardial Pacing

The occurrence of vasomotor waves during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a recognized phenomenon. The lesser known oscillation of arterial pressure after cessation of CPB was observed in 18 open-heart patients. The duration of an oscillatory wave was 13.5±5.0 seconds, the amplitude 6.1 ±2.6mmNg and the mean arterial pressure 76.5± 10.7mmHg. Inter-and also intraindividual variations in frequency and amplitude of the oscillation, however, did occur. In 13 patients, this oscillation occurred during ventricular epicardial pacing. The oscillation continued until the end of the operation in eight patients; in others, the oscillation was of shorter duration. An oscillation of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was simultaneously observed in nine patients (eight with pacemaker) and central venous pressure (CVP) oscillation in eight patients (all with pacemaker). The duration of a wave was the same as in systemic arterial pressure and the amplitudes were 1.5-3.0mmHg in PAP and 1.0-2.0mmHg in CVP. These arterial vasomotor waves, seen here after CPB, largely resemble those observed during perfusion in man and also the Mayerwaves explored in experimental animals. The pacing rhythm seems to favourthe appearance of those blood pressure oscillations.

Circulatory effects of acute or chronic endotoxemia in rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Keeler ◽  
Anamaria Barrientos ◽  
K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Circulatory Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Fractional Distribution

A study was made of the effects of acute (4 h) or chronic (4 days) infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin on cardiovascular function in rats. Rats with acute endotoxemia had a reduced cardiac output but maintained their arterial blood pressure. Fractional distribution of the cardiac output was increased to the liver and reduced to the gastrointestinal tract and skin. No changes in fractional distribution to the kidneys, lungs, or heart were observed although absolute blood flow to these areas was reduced.Rats with chronic endotoxemia had a reduced cardiac output and hypotension with no change in peripheral resistance. Other changes resembled those seen in acute endotoxemia apart from a low renal fraction of the cardiac output. Calculation and interpretation of blood flow changes in these animals was difficult because of a large fall in hematocrit and changes in organ weight.

General and regional circulatory effects of synthetic eledoisin in man

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes A. Kontos ◽  
William Shapiro ◽  
H. Page Mauck ◽  
John L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Circulatory Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Effects

The circulatory effects of intravenous infusions of synthetic eledoisin were studied in nine normal subjects. Infusions of 0.6 μg/min of eledoisin in eight experiments on eight subjects produced a transient fall in mean arterial blood pressure, tachycardia (average 14.3 beats/min), marked increase in cardiac index (average 3.4 liters/min m2), increase in stroke volume (average 58.3 ml/beat) and fall in systemic vascular resistance (average 6 mm Hg/liter min). Blood flow to hand and forearm increased (average increase in four experiments on four subjects 7.9 and 2.9 ml/min 100 ml tissue, respectively). More marked hypotension and tachycardia and a more pronounced increase in hand and forearm blood flows were observed during infusions of 2–5 μg/min of eledoisin in four experiments on four subjects. These results indicate that eledoisin is a powerful dilator of vessels in skin and skeletal muscle, and quite probably of vessels in other vascular areas. vasodilatation; effects on cardiac output; effects on hand blood flow; effects on forearm blood flow; hypotensive agent Submitted on July 1, 1963

BMI AND CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS OF SOME ETHNIC GROUPS IN KONTUM

2013 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Van Toan Vo ◽  
Van Trong Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Heart Frequency ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Arterial Blood

Objectives: Research the index morphology and physiology of the pupil in the ages of 11 to 14. Subjects and Methods: Subjects the pupil in the ages from 11 to 14 years including Kinh, Dẻ, Xê Đăng, Rơ Ngao and Mơ Nâm. Researching indicators include: BMI, heart rate, arterial blood pressure. Methods: Routine methods were standardized to examine the morphological and physiological indicators. Results: (i) Research results show that in the period from 11 to 14 years the index morphology and physiology of the pupil is still not stable. (ii) Height and weight increases with age class. The change in height and weight make changes in BMI. (iii) Based on BMI can see that most pupils are not provided adequate nutrition. Conclusion: In the period 11-14 years, operation of the circulatory system is stabilized gradually, heart frequency decreases but blood pressure increases with age

Intravenous acid infusion stimulates ACTH secretion in sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. E154-E161 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Wood ◽  
A. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Acth Secretion ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Arterial Blood

Both respiratory and metabolic acidemia stimulate the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), vasopressin, and renin. The present study was designed to test the blood pressure, heart rate, and endocrine responses of conscious sheep to low-rate infusions of H+. We infused HCl and lactic acid at a rate of 500 mueq/min into the inferior vena cava of seven chronically catheterized adult sheep. Control experiments in six sheep consisted of infusion of HCl at a rate of 100 mueq/min. Only the 500 mueq/min infusion of HCl stimulated reflex responses. This infusion increased mean arterial blood pressure and plasma ACTH concentration but transiently decreased blood pH only after the onset of the reflex responses. Heart rate appeared to increase initially but then decreased. Overall, the apparent changes in heart rate were not statistically significant. None of the infusions significantly altered plasma renin activity or vasopressin concentration. We speculate that heart rate, plasma renin activity, and vasopressin may have been partially inhibited by the increase in blood pressure. However, the lack of effect of lactic acid suggests that the HCl stimulated reflex ACTH and blood pressure responses via a mechanism not related to the concentration of the acid in the infusate or to the total amount of acid infused. It is possible that HCl, but not lactic acid, stimulated release of a humoral agent that stimulated ACTH secretion directly or reflexly. The results do not appear consistent with the stimulation of a venous chemoreceptor sensitive to H+.

Eugenol: Some Pharmacologic Observations

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Sticht ◽  
Roy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Electric Activity ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Myocardial Contractile Force ◽  
Myocardial Contractile ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Eugenol introduced directly into the circulatory system of the dog caused a strong but transient reduction in arterial blood pressure and myocardial contractile force, without appreciably changing heart rate or electric activity. Intra-arterial injection of the drug resulted in increased blood flow to the region.

scholarly journals Roles of baroreflex and vestibulosympathetic reflex in controlling arterial blood pressure during gravitational stress in conscious rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. R25-R30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Miyahara Gotoh ◽  
Nobuhiro Fujiki ◽  
Tomoko Matsuda ◽  
Shuang Gao ◽  
Hironobu Morita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gravitational Stress ◽  
Vestibulosympathetic Reflex ◽  
Blood Redistribution

Gravity acts on the circulatory system to decrease arterial blood pressure (AP) by causing blood redistribution and reduced venous return. To evaluate roles of the baroreflex and vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) in maintaining AP during gravitational stress, we measured AP, heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in four groups of conscious rats, which were either intact or had vestibular lesions (VL), sinoaortic denervation (SAD), or VL plus SAD (VL + SAD). The rats were exposed to 3 G in dorsoventral axis by centrifugation for 3 min. In rats in which neither reflex was functional (VL + SAD group), RSNA did not change, but the AP showed a significant decrease (-8 ± 1 mmHg vs. baseline). In rats with a functional baroreflex, but no VSR (VL group), the AP did not change and there was a slight increase in RSNA (25 ± 10% vs. baseline). In rats with a functional VSR, but no baroreflex (SAD group), marked increases in both AP and RSNA were observed (AP 31 ± 6 mmHg and RSNA 87 ± 10% vs. baseline), showing that the VSR causes an increase in AP in response to gravitational stress; these marked increases were significantly attenuated by the baroreflex in the intact group (AP 9 ± 2 mmHg and RSNA 38 ± 7% vs. baseline). In conclusion, AP is controlled by the combination of the baroreflex and VSR. The VSR elicits a huge pressor response during gravitational stress, preventing hypotension due to blood redistribution. In intact rats, this AP increase is compensated by the baroreflex, resulting in only a slight increase in AP.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Aminoalkanol Derivatives of 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol with an Expected β-Adrenolytic and / or Anxiolytic Activity

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kossakowski ◽  
Elżbieta Hejchman ◽  
Irena Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractA series of fifteen new N-substituted derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol have been prepared and studied by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition the crystal structures of 7-[3-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propoxy]-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran (16), 7-[3-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran (18) and 7-[3-(4-benzyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran (20) have been solved by X-ray structure analysis of single crystals. The crystals of two of them (16 and 18) are isostructural and there are only small differences between their molecular geometries. Greater differences are observed in the crystal structure of the compound 20 due to the presence of a benzyl fragment instead of a phenyl one. The compound 10 (7-(3-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)- 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran hydrochloride), screened for basic parameters of rats circulatory system, displayed an effect of decreasing of arterial blood pressure and heart rate

scholarly journals Some Structural Features Of The Prevalence Of Disability And Kaitian Disability In Khorezm Province From Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (09) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Ruzmetov Bazirgon Shokirovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The World

Diseases of the circulatory system are considered one of the most urgent problems of the health system in all countries of the world, and one of its leading diseases – arterial blood pressure, with its relatively severe complications, is distinguished from other diseases of the same system. In the following years, in many developed countries of the world, including Uzbekistan, the main share of causes of death is being persecuted for diseases of the circulatory system. In European countries, this figure is 48% (in men - 43%, in women – 55%), in Uzbekistan, this is in the 2009 year.It is noted that from diseases (ischemic heart disease) to 50,1%, from hypertension to 17,7%) – 20,8% [1,3].

Suctioning and Cerebral Blood Flow

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-737
Author(s):  
TERRY A. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sympathetic Efferent Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

To the Editor.— The article by Perlman and Volpe1 provides interesting information on physiologic changes associated with suctioning in the preterm infant. My observations during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in preterm infants have also revealed a significant increase in arterial blood pressure which occurred before the onset of hypoxemia. It is possible that mechanical stimulation of the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial regions as described in cats2 may arouse reflexes that increase sympathetic efferent activity, thereby contributing to the increase in blood pressure.

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