Endogenous and exogenous female sex hormones and renal electrolyte handling: effects of an acute sodium load on plasma volume at rest

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy T. Sims ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer ◽  
Melanie L. Bell ◽  
James D. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Sodium Load ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
O 10

This study was conducted to investigate effects of an acute sodium load on resting plasma volume (PV) and renal mechanisms across the menstrual cycle of endurance-trained women with natural (NAT) or oral contraceptive pill (OCP) controlled cycles. Twelve women were assigned to one of two groups, according to their usage status: 1) OCP [ n = 6, 29 yr (SD 6), 59.4 kg (SD 3.2)], or 2) NAT [ n = 6, 24 yr (SD 5), 61.3 kg (SD 3.6)]. The sodium load was administered as a concentrated sodium chloride/citrate beverage (164 mmol Na+/l, 253 mosmol/kgH2O, 10 ml/kg body mass) during the last high-hormone week of the OCP cycle (OCPhigh) or late luteal phase of the NAT cycle (NAThigh) and during the low-hormone sugar pill week of OCP (OCPlow) or early follicular phase of the NAT cycle (NATlow). The beverage (∼628 ml) was ingested in seven portions across 60 min. Over the next 4 h, PV expanded more in the low-hormone phase for both groups (time-averaged change): OCPlow 6.1% (SD 1.1) and NATlow 5.4% (SD 1.2) vs. OCPhigh 3.9% (SD 0.9) and NAThigh 3.5% (SD 0.8) ( P = 0.02). The arginine vasopressin increased less in the low-hormone phase [1.63 (SD 0.2) and 1.30 pg/ml (SD 0.2) vs. 1.82 (SD 0.3) and 1.57 pg/ml (SD 0.5), P = 0.0001], as did plasma aldosterone concentration (∼64% lower, P = 0.0001). Thus PV increased more and renal hormone sensitivity was decreased in the low-hormone menstrual phase following sodium/fluid ingestion, irrespective of OCP usage.

scholarly journals Tendon collagen synthesis at rest and after exercise in women

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Miller ◽  
Mette Hansen ◽  
Jens L. Olesen ◽  
Peter Schwarz ◽  
John A. Babraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Tendon Collagen

In general, there is a higher incidence of musculoskeletal injuries during physical activity in women than in men. We hypothesized that in women rates of tendon collagen synthesis would be lower than in men at rest and after exercise, especially in the later luteal phase when estrogen and progesterone concentrations are higher than the early follicular phase. We studied tendon collagen fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in 15 young, healthy female subjects in either the early follicular ( n = 8) or the late luteal phase ( n = 7) 72 h after an acute bout of one-legged exercise (60 min kicking at 67% workload maximum) (72 h) and compared the results with those previously obtained for men. Samples were taken from the patellar tendon in both the exercised and rested legs to determine collagen FSR by the incorporation of [15N]proline into tendon collagen hydroxyproline. There was no effect of menstrual phase on tendon collagen synthesis either at rest or after exercise. However, there was a significant difference between women and men at rest (women = 0.025 ± 0.002%/h, men = 0.045 ± 0.008%/h; P < 0.05) and 72 h after exercise (women = 0.027 ± 0.005%/h; men = 0.058 ± 0.008%/h). Furthermore, rest and 72-h tendon collagen synthesis were not different in women, whereas in men tendon collagen synthesis remained significantly elevated 72 h after exercise. It is concluded that both in the resting state and after exercise, tendon collagen FSR is lower in women than in men, which may contribute to a lower rate of tissue repair after exercise.

scholarly journals A preliminary study exploring the change in ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in cis women

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Yamazaki ◽  
Sae Maruyama ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Yukako Suzuki ◽  
Sohei Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Anterior Drawer ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity (GJL) in relation to the menstrual cycle, which was divided into four phases based on basal body temperature and ovulation, assessed using an ovulation kit. Methods Participants were 14 female college students (21–22 years) with normal menstrual cycles (cis gender). Anterior drawer stress to a magnitude of 120 N was applied for all participants. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) length was measured as the linear distance (mm) between its points of attachment on the lateral malleolus and talus using ultrasonography. Data on ATFL length from each subject were used to calculate each subject’s normalized length change with anterior drawer stress (AD%). The University of Tokyo method was used for evaluation of GJL. AD% and GJL were measured once in each menstrual phase. Results There was no statistically significant difference between AD% in each phase. GJL score was significantly higher in the ovulation and luteal phases compared with the early follicular phase. AD% and GJL showed a positive correlation with each other in the ovulation phase. Conclusions Although it is unclear whether estrogen receptors are present in the ATFL, the present study suggests that women with high GJL scores might be more sensitive to the effects of estrogen, resulting in ATFL length change in the ovulation phase.

Body Composition Over the Menstrual and Oral Contraceptive Cycle in Trained Females

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rael ◽  
Nuria Romero-Parra ◽  
Víctor M. Alfaro-Magallanes ◽  
Laura Barba-Moreno ◽  
Rocío Cupeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Total Body

Purpose: The influence of female sex hormones on body fluid regulation and metabolism homeostasis has been widely studied. However, it remains unclear whether hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle (MC) and with oral contraceptive (OC) use affect body composition (BC). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate BC over the MC and OC cycle in well-trained females. Methods: A total of 52 eumenorrheic and 33 monophasic OC-taking well-trained females participated in this study. Several BC variables were measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis 3 times in the eumenorrheic group (early follicular phase, late follicular phase, and midluteal phase) and on 2 occasions in the OC group (withdrawal phase and active pill phase). Results: Mixed linear model tests reported no significant differences in the BC variables (body weight, body mass index, basal metabolism, fat mass, fat-free mass, and total body water) between the MC phases or between the OC phases (P > .05 for all comparisons). Trivial and small effect sizes were found for all BC variables when comparing the MC phases in eumenorrheic females, as well as for the OC cycle phases. Conclusions: According to the results, sex hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual and OC cycle do not influence BC variables measured by bioelectrical impedance in well-trained females. Therefore, it seems that bioimpedance analysis can be conducted at any moment of the cycle, both for eumenorrheic women and women using OC.

Menstrual status and plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone exercise responses

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. De Souza ◽  
C. M. Maresh ◽  
M. S. Maguire ◽  
W. J. Kraemer ◽  
G. Flora-Ginter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Midluteal Phase

The effects of menstrual cycle phase (early follicular vs. midluteal) and menstrual status (eumenorrhea vs. amenorrhea) on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone (ALDO) were studied before and after 40 min of submaximal running (80% maximal O2 uptake). Eumenorrheic runners were studied in the early follicular and midluteal phases determined by urinary luteinizing hormone and progesterone and plasma estradiol and progesterone assays; amenorrheic runners were studied once. Menstrual phase was associated with no significant differences in preexercise plasma AVP or PRA, but ALDO levels were significantly higher during the midluteal phase than the early follicular phase. Plasma AVP and PRA were significantly elevated at 4 min after the 40-min run in the eumenorrheic runners during both menstrual phases and returned to preexercise levels by 40 min after exercise. Plasma ALDO responses at 4 and 40 min after exercise were higher in the midluteal phase than the early follicular phase. Menstrual status was associated with no significant differences in preexercise AVP or PRA; however, ALDO levels were significantly higher in the amenorrheic runners. After exercise, responses in the amenorrheic runners were comparable with the eumenorrheic runners during the early follicular phase. Thus, submaximal exercise elicits significant increases in plasma AVP and PRA independent of menstrual phase and status. However, plasma ALDO is significantly elevated during the midluteal phase, exercise results in a greater response during this menstrual phase, and amenorrheic runners have elevated resting levels of ALDO.

Immunoneutralization and immunocytochemical localization of inhibin α subunit during the mid-luteal phase in the stump-tailed macaque

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Fraser ◽  
K. B. Smith ◽  
S. F. Lunn ◽  
G. M. Cowen ◽  
K. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

ABSTRACT The putative endocrine role of inhibin in the control of FSH secretion during the luteal phase in the primate was investigated by immunoneutralization. Antisera against the 1–23 amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of the human inhibin α subunit were raised in a ewe and three macaques. Antisera (10–20 ml) were administered to macaques on day 8/9 of the luteal phase and serum samples collected during the treatment cycle and post-treatment cycle for determination of FSH, oestradiol and progesterone. In addition, localization of inhibin within the macaque ovary at this stage of the luteal phase was investigated using the ovine antiserum. Intense immunostaining was localized within the granulosa-lutein cells of the corpus luteum with absence of staining in the thecalutein cells or other ovarian compartments. Administration of antisera was without significant effect on serum concentrations of FSH when compared with control animals, either during the first 24 h of detailed observation or for the following 10-day period of the late luteal phase and subsequent early follicular phase. These results provide further evidence that the corpus luteum is the major source of inhibin immunoreactivity during the primate menstrual cycle, but fail to support an endocrine role for inhibin in the suppression of FSH secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 341–347

Mechanisms of edema in experimental nephrosis

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kalant ◽  
D. Das Gupta ◽  
R. Despointes ◽  
C. J. P. Giroud
Keyword(s):  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Sodium Load ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Aminonucleoside Nephrosis ◽  
Experimental Nephrosis

In a study of nephrosis induced experimentally by antiserum or by the aminonucleoside of puromycin, it was demonstrated that edema in the former type was transitory, was not associated with endogenous hyperaldosteronism, and could be induced in adrenalectomized animals. The onset of sodium retention, leading to the edema, preceded marked proteinuria. It was associated with a profound reduction in inulin clearance, inability to excrete a sodium load, and an increase in plasma volume. The disappearance of edema was associated with recovery of ability to excrete a sodium load and with a return of inulin clearance almost to normal. It is concluded that the edema was primarily due to temporary renal impairment of Na excretion. In aminonucleoside nephrosis, edema was normally dependent on increased aldosterone production. High Na intake, however, led to edema in the absence of aldosterone, probably because of the presence of a relatively mild degree of impairment of Na excretion, which alone was insufficient to result in edema when Na intake was at a normal level.

Abstract 400: Blood Pressure Effect Of Aldosterone Increased With Age

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhu Tu ◽  
George Eckert ◽  
Tamara Hannon ◽  
John Howard Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Sodium Load ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Aldosterone often plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) by acting on the distal nephron to promote sodium and water retention. As people age, levels of aldosterone and renin tend to decrease. It is unclear how these changes affect BP. To investigate, we examined the temporal changes in plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in a cohort of healthy blacks and whites (ages: 7 - 38 years). We examined the relationship between PAC and BP at different ages. Our data showed that while blacks on average had lower PRA levels than whites at any given age (p<0.0001), PRA decreased with age (p<0.0001) in both race groups. PAC also decreased with age (p<0.0001) but decline was faster whites. Aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR), on the other hand, increased with age in both race groups. PAC effects on SBP in blacks and whites were estimated and presented graphically (Figure 1). The figure showed that aldosterone effect on BP increased with age in blacks and whites (p<0.008); but at any given age, the BP effect of PAC was greater in blacks than in whites, and this racial difference became more pronounced with an increase in age. In conclusion, BP becomes more sensitive to aldosterone with age. An accumulated sodium load with volume expansion may sensitize BP to even small increment of aldosterone. Blacks appear to be especially vulnerable to such an increased level of sensitivity.

THE SEQUENCE OF PITUITARY RESPONSES TO SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) THROUGHOUT THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwyn M. Grimes ◽  
Irwin E. Thompson ◽  
Melvin L. Taymor
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

ABSTRACT Thirty-one ovulatory women between 20 and 33 years of age were given 150 μg of synthetic LH-RH during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Five patients were studied during the early follicular phase (days 4–7); 10 patients during the late follicular phase (days 9–12); 6 patients during the "LH Surge"; 5 patients during the early luteal phase (days 14–16); 3 patients during mid-luteal phase (days 17–21); and 2 patients during late luteal phase (days 22–27). Oestrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH levels were determined from 30 min prior to LH-RH administration to 90 min thereafter in all cases. LH response to LH-RH increased progressively during the follicular phase. Enhanced pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH occurred at mid-cycle for both LH and FSH and maximum LH responses occurred during the "LH Surge" and early luteal phase. LH responses during the mid and late luteal phases were similar to late follicular phase responses. There were no significant differences between FSH responses during the early follicular, late follicular, mid-luteal and late luteal phases. Maximum pituitary responsiveness appears to occur in a gonadal steroid milieu of high oestrogen levels in association with rising but low progesterone levels. Progesterone or a crucial oestrogen: progesterone ratio may in fact potentiate pituitary release of LH during the early stages of corpus luteum formation. Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH correlates positively with basal LH and oestrogen levels during the menstrual cycle and with the oestrogen:progesterone ratio during the luteal phase.

scholarly journals Effects of menstrual phase on intake of nicotine, caffeine, and alcohol and nonprescribed drugs in women with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Marks ◽  
Catherine S. Hair ◽  
Susan C. Klock ◽  
Benson E. Ginsburg ◽  
Cynthia S. Pomerleau
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Late Luteal Phase
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