Energy sensing and regulation of gene expression in skeletal muscle

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Freyssenet
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Muscle Plasticity ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Muscle Gene

Major modifications in energy homeostasis occur in skeletal muscle during exercise. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in energy homeostasis take part in the regulation of gene expression and contribute to muscle plasticity. A number of energy-sensing molecules have been shown to sense variations in energy homeostasis and trigger regulation of gene expression. The AMP-activated protein kinase, hypoxia-inducible factor 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and Sirt1 proteins all contribute to altering skeletal muscle gene expression by sensing changes in the concentrations of AMP, molecular oxygen, intracellular free fatty acids, and NAD+, respectively. These molecules may therefore sense information relating to the intensity, duration, and frequency of muscle exercise. Mitochondria also contribute to the overall response, both by modulating the response of energy-sensing molecules and by generating their own signals. This review seeks to examine our current understanding of the roles that energy-sensing molecules and mitochondria can play in the regulation of gene expression in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Exercise training impacts skeletal muscle gene expression related to the kynurenine pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. C444-C448 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Allison ◽  
Joshua P. Nederveen ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Kirsten E. Bell ◽  
Dinesh Kumbhare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Gene

Exercise positively impacts mood and symptoms of depression; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Recent evidence highlights a potential role for skeletal muscle-derived transcription factors to influence tryptophan metabolism, along the kynurenine pathway, which has important implications in depression. This has important consequences for older adults, whose age-related muscle deterioration may influence this pathway and may increase their risk for depression. Although exercise training has been shown to improve skeletal muscle mass in older adults, whether this also translates into improvements in transcription factors and metabolites related to the kynurenine pathway has yet to be examined. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a 12-wk exercise program on skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors, kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) gene expression, and plasma concentrations of tryptophan metabolites (kynurenines) in healthy older men over 65 yr of age. Exercise training significantly increased skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ: 1.77, 1.99, 2.18-fold increases, respectively, P < 0.01] and KAT isoforms 1–4 (6.5, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.6-fold increases, respectively, P ≤ 0.01). Concentrations of plasma kynurenines were not altered. These results demonstrate that 12 wk of exercise training significantly altered skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors and gene expression related to the kynurenine pathway, but not circulating kynurenine metabolites in older men. These findings warrant future research to determine whether distinct exercise modalities or varying intensities could induce a shift in the kynurenine pathway in depressed older adults.

Skeletal muscle gene expression in space‐flown rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nikawa ◽  
Kazumi Ishidoh ◽  
Katsuya Hirasaka ◽  
Ibuki Ishihara ◽  
Madoka Ikemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Gene

Effects of ractopamine and sex on serum metabolites and skeletal muscle gene expression in finishing steers and heifers

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Walker ◽  
E. C. Titgemeyer ◽  
T. J. Baxa ◽  
K. Y. Chung ◽  
D. E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Muscle Gene

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle in aged mice reveals extensive transformation of muscle gene expression

BMC Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Junn-Liang Chang ◽  
Kate Hua ◽  
Wan-Chen Huang ◽  
Ming-Ta Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Gene

Acute endurance exercise stimulates circulating levels of mitochondrial derived peptides in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand von Walden ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo ◽  
Jessica Maria Norrbom ◽  
Eric B. Emanuelsson ◽  
Vandre C. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Gene ◽  
Circulating Levels

Mitochondrial derived peptides (MDPs) humanin (HN) and mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) are involved in cell survival, suppression of apoptosis and metabolism. Circulating levels of MDPs are altered in chronic diseases such as diabetes type 2 and chronic kidney disease. Whether acute resistance (RE) or endurance (EE) exercise modulates circulating levels of HN and MOTS-c in humans is unknown. Following familiarization, subjects were randomized to EE (n=10, 45 min cycling at 70% of estimated VO2max), RE (n=10, 4 sets x 7RM, leg press and knee extension), or control (CON, n=10). Skeletal muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected before and at 30 minutes and 3 hours following exercise. Plasma concentration of HN and MOTS-c, skeletal muscle MOTS-c as well as gene expression of exercise related genes were analyzed. Acute EE and RE promoted changes in skeletal muscle gene expression typically seen in response to each exercise modality (c-Myc, 45S pre-rRNA, PGC-1α-total and PGC-1α-ex1b). At rest, circulating levels of HN were positively correlated to MOTS-c levels and age. Plasma levels of MDPs were not correlated to fitness outcomes (VO2max, leg strength or muscle mitochondrial (mt) DNA copy number). Circulating levels of HN were significantly elevated by acute EE but not RE. MOTS-C levels showed a trend to increase after EE. These results indicate that plasma MDP levels are not related to fitness status but that acute EE increases circulating levels of MDPs, in particular HN.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Study of Monozygous Twins with 35 Years of Divergent Exercise History

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Adam Osmond ◽  
Robert J. Talmadge ◽  
Katie E. Bathgate ◽  
James R. Bagley ◽  
Lee E. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gene Expression Study ◽  
Expression Study ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Gene ◽  
Monozygous Twins
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