Genetic variability in forced and voluntary endurance exercise performance in seven inbred mouse strains

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2245-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imanuel Lerman ◽  
Brooke C. Harrison ◽  
Kalev Freeman ◽  
Timothy E. Hewett ◽  
David L. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Molecular Indicators ◽  
Voluntary Wheel

The goal of this study was to characterize the genetic contribution to both forced and voluntary exercise performance and to determine whether performance in these two paradigms is controlled by similar genetic influences. There were marked strain differences in treadmill exercise performance, with Swiss Webster (SW) and FVB/NJ mice showing elevated performance and C57BL/6J animals showing decreased performance compared with all other strains. There was no apparent relationship between treadmill performance and voluntary wheel performance, with the exception of SW mice, which demonstrated high performances on both the treadmill and the voluntary wheel. Numerous properties were measured to attempt to understand the basis for these differences in exercise performance. DBA/1J and SW mice exhibited significantly greater cardiac contractility than all other analyzed strains. Conversely, BALB/cByJ mice exhibited significantly reduced cardiac contractility compared with all other strains. Expression of molecular indicators of hypertrophy (atrial natriuretic factor and β-myosin heavy chain) was significantly elevated in DBA/2J myocardium compared with all other analyzed strains.

scholarly journals Strain Differences in the Morphology of the Gametes of the Mouse

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWH Braden
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Interstrain Differences

Characteristic differences in the morphology of the spenTI head have been noted between. the inbred mouse strains C57BL, CBA, A, and RIlL There were interstrain differences in the shape of the posterior portion of the sperm head and in the length and width of the .head. The spenTI of mice derived from certain interstrain crosses were also studied.

scholarly journals Comparison of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Susceptibility to Treadmill Exercise in Nine Mouse Strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Whi Kim ◽  
Sung Min Nam ◽  
Dae Young Yoo ◽  
Hyo Young Jung ◽  
Il Yong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Neuroblast Differentiation ◽  
Outbred Mouse

The genetic background of mice has various influences on the efficacy of physical exercise, as well as adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the basal level of hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as the effects of treadmill exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in 9 mouse strains: 8 very commonly used laboratory inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6, BALB/c, A/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/1, DBA/2, 129/SvJ, and FVB) and 1 outbred mouse strain (ICR). All 9 strains showed diverse basal levels of cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and integration into granule cells in the sedentary group. C57BL/6 mice showed the highest levels of cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and integration into granule cells at basal levels, and the DBA/2 mice showed the lowest levels. The efficacy of integration into granule cells was maximal in ICR mice. Treadmill exercise increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis in all 9 mouse strains. These results suggest that the genetic background of mice affects hippocampal neurogenesis and C57BL/6 mice are the most useful strain to assess basal levels of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, but not maturation into granule cells. In addition, the DBA/2 strain is not suitable for studying hippocampal neurogenesis.

scholarly journals Differential susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. G544-G551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mähler ◽  
Ian J. Bristol ◽  
Edward H. Leiter ◽  
Aletha E. Workman ◽  
Edward H. Birkenmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Mhc Haplotype

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis represents an experimental model for human inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to screen various inbred strains of mice for genetically determined differences in susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Mice of strains C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeJBir, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, NOD/LtJ, NOD/LtSz- Prkdcscid/Prkdcscid , 129/SvPas, NON/LtJ, and NON.NOD- H2g7 were fed 3.5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days and necropsied 16 days later. Ceca and colons were scored for histological lesions based on severity, ulceration, hyperplasia, and area involved. Image analysis was used to quantitate the proportion of cecum ulcerated. Histological examination revealed significant differences among inbred strains for all parameters scored. In both cecum and colon, C3H/HeJ and a recently selected substrain, C3H/HeJBir, were highly DSS susceptible. NOD/LtJ, an autoimmune-prone strain, and NOD/LtSz- Prkdcscid/Prkdcscid , a stock with multiple defects in innate and adoptive immunity, were also highly DSS susceptible. NON/LtJ, a strain closely related to NOD, was quite DSS resistant. The major histocompatibility (MHC) haplotype of NOD mice ( H2g7 ), a major component of the NOD autoimmune susceptibility, was not crucial in determining DSS susceptibility, since NON mice congenic for this MHC haplotype retained resistance. C57BL/6J, 129/SvPas, and DBA/2J mice showed various degrees of susceptibility, depending upon the anatomical site. A greater male susceptibility to DSS-induced colonic but not cecal lesions was observed. In summary, this study demonstrates major differences in genetic susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis among inbred strains of mice. Knowledge of these strain differences in genetic responsiveness to acute inflammatory stress in the large intestine will permit design of genetic crosses to elucidate the genes involved.

Influence of Nociception and Stress-induced Antinociception on Genetic Variation in Isoflurane Anesthetic Potency among Mouse Strains

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Mogil ◽  
Shad B. Smith ◽  
Meghan K. O'Reilly ◽  
Gilles Plourde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Nociceptive Sensitivity ◽  
Righting Response ◽  
Anesthetic Potency ◽  
Tail Clip

Background Genetic background influences anesthetic potency to suppress motor response to noxious stimulation (minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]) as well as nociceptive sensitivity in unmedicated animals. However, the influence on MAC of baseline sensitivity to the noxious stimuli used to assess MAC has virtually never been studied. The authors assessed room air nociceptive sensitivity and isoflurane MAC in multiple mouse strains. Isoflurane requirement for loss of righting response (MACLORR) was also measured. Methods One outbred and 10 inbred mouse strains were tested for latency to respond (in room air) to a tail clip (either 500 g or 2,000 g). Naive mice of the same 11 strains were tested for isoflurane MAC and MACLORR. To assess the role of opioid-mediated stress-induced antinociception, mice were also tested for nociceptive sensitivity after injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg) or saline. Results Robust strain differences were observed for all measures. The authors found that tail-clip latency (using a 500-g or 2,000-g clip, respectively) correlated significantly with MAC (r = -0.76 and -0.58, respectively) but not MACLORR (r = -0.10 and -0.26). Naloxone produced strain-dependent reductions in open air tail-clip latencies, and these reductions were also strongly correlated with MAC (r = -0.67 and -0.71). Conclusions The authors suggest that genetic variability in isoflurane MAC (but not MACLORR) may reflect genetic variability in the underlying sensitivity to the noxious stimulus being used to measure MAC. This variable sensitivity to nociception in the awake state is at least partially mediated by endogenous antinociceptive mechanisms activated by the tail-clip stimulus itself.

scholarly journals Genetic Relationships Between Ethanol-Induced Conditioned Place Aversion and Other Ethanol Phenotypes in 15 Inbred Mouse Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Place Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Place Aversion ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Place Aversion ◽  
Tactile Cues

The genetic relationships between different behaviors used to index the aversive effects of ethanol are unknown. To address this issue, ethanol-induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) was tested in a genetically diverse panel of 15 inbred mouse strains. Mice were exposed to an unbiased place conditioning procedure using ethanol doses of 0, 2, or 4 g/kg; all injections were given immediately after 5-min exposure to distinctive tactile cues. There were dose-dependent effects of ethanol on CPA and on the change in pre-injection activity rates between the first and last conditioning trials. Most strains (80%) developed CPA, demonstrating the generalizability of this behavior. Moreover, genotype had significant effects on CPA magnitude and locomotor activity rates. Strain means from this study and previously published studies were then used to examine genetic correlations. These analyses showed significant genetic correlations between CPA and ethanol intake/preference, conditioned taste aversion, and drug withdrawal (but not blood ethanol concentration or conditioned place preference), supporting the idea of commonality in the genes underlying CPA and each of these behaviors. The overall pattern of findings is consistent with previous data suggesting that genetic differences in sensitivity to ethanol’s aversive effects play a role in determining strain differences in ethanol drinking. The broader implication is that individuals who are more sensitive to the aversive effects of ethanol may be protected from developing the excessive drinking behaviors characteristic of alcohol use disorders.

Genetic strain differences in platelet aggregation of laboratory mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (01) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ito ◽  
Yukio Kimura ◽  
Toshiki Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Strain Difference ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Laboratory Mice

SummaryTo investigate the physiological role of novel genes and proteins in platelet activation, various knockout mice have been produced. A number of standard inbred mouse strains each possessing genetically unique characters such as high tumor generation, hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, have been bred. In breeding knockout mice for investigation of specific physiological functions, appropriate selection of parental or backcross strains is necessary. Thus, examination of strain-specific platelet characteristics is important. In the present study, platelet aggregation responses of 13 laboratory mouse strains, 129/Sv, A, AKR, BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6J, CBA, DBA/1, DBA/2, ddY, FVB, ICR, and NZW, and the diabetic strain C57BL/KsJ db/db, were compared. Marked strain differences were observed inADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The highest responses with both were seen in AKR/J and NZW/N, whereas the lowest were seen in DBA/2 and DBA/1.There was a 5-fold difference in the platelet aggregation threshold index (PATI) for ADP-induced PRP aggregation between AKR/J (0.6 µM) and DBA/2 (3.0 µM). With whole blood aggregation, the highest response was seen in AKR, whereas the lowest was seen in DBA/2 and DBA/1. The present study demonstrated that there is considerable strain difference in platelet aggregation among laboratory mice, which should be taken into account in backcrossing knockout strains.

scholarly journals Strain survey and genetic analysis of vasoreactivity in mouse aorta

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 861-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Kyum Kim ◽  
Joshua J. Avila ◽  
Michael P. Massett
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Locus ◽  
Genetically Determined

Understanding the genetic influence on vascular reactivity is important for identifying genes underlying impaired vascular function. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic contribution to intrinsic vascular function and to identify loci associated with phenotypic variation in vascular reactivity in mice. Concentration response curves to phenylephrine (PE), potassium chloride (KCl), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were generated in aortic rings from male mice (12 wk old) from 27 inbred mouse strains. Significant strain-dependent differences were found for both maximal responses and sensitivity for each agent, except for SNP Max (%). Strain differences for maximal responses to ACh, PE, and KCl varied by two- to fivefold. On the basis of these large strain differences, we performed genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) to identify loci associated with variation in responses to these agents. GWAS for responses to ACh identified four significant and 19 suggestive loci. Several suggestive loci for responses to SNP, PE, and KCl (including one significant locus for KCl EC50) were also identified. These results demonstrate that intrinsic endothelial function, and more generally vascular function, is genetically determined and associated with multiple genomic loci. Furthermore, these results are supported by the finding that several genes residing in significant and suggestive loci for responses to ACh were previously identified in rat and/or human quantitative trait loci/GWAS for cardiovascular disease. This study represents the first step toward the unbiased comprehensive discovery of genetic determinants that regulate intrinsic vascular function, particularly endothelial function.

scholarly journals Genetic influence on immune phenotype revealed strain-specific variations in peripheral blood lineages

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefka B. Petkova ◽  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Shirng-Wern Tsaih ◽  
William Schott ◽  
Derry C. Roopenian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Wide Range

Inbred mouse strains are routinely used as genetically defined animal models for studying a wide assortment of biological and pathological processes, including immune system function. However, no studies have presented large-scale data on the immune cell populations among the inbred strains in physiological conditions. Here we present a systematic, quantitative analysis of peripheral blood cell phenotypes of 30 mouse strains assessed by flow cytometry. This cohort of mice represents a wide range of genetic origins and includes most of the strains used in genetic, physiological, and immunological studies. We evaluated the relative percentages of peripheral blood leukocyte subtypes (lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes) and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B220+ B, and natural killer cells) of mature (6-mo-old) mice. Our comprehensive study demonstrated: 1) marked differences in the relative proportions of blood cell populations among the strains at this age, 2) considerable variation of each immune trait with more than twofold difference between strains with the highest and the lowest trait values, and 3) haplotype analysis revealed a strong correlation between eosinophil percentage and a single region on chromosome 14 containing two candidate genes. The strain differences described here provide important information for researchers applying immunophenotyping of peripheral blood in immunological and genetic studies. The data from this study are available as part of the Mouse Phenome Database at http://www.jax.org/phenome .

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