Resistance exercise training improves age-related declines in leg vascular conductance and rejuvenates acute leg blood flow responses to feeding and exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Phillips ◽  
John Williams ◽  
Philip Atherton ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
Wulf Hildebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Age Related

One manifestation of age-related declines in vascular function is reduced peripheral (limb) blood flow and vascular conduction at rest and in response to vasodilatory stimuli such as exercise and feeding. Since, even in older age, resistance exercise training (RET) represents an efficacious strategy for increasing muscle mass and function, we hypothesized that likewise RET would improve age-related declines in leg blood flow (LBF) and vascular conductance (LVC). We studied three mixed-sex age groups (young: 18–28 yr, n = 14; middle aged: 45–55 yr, n = 20; older: 65–75 yr, n = 17) before and after 20 wk of whole body RET in the postabsorptive state (BASAL) and after unilateral leg extensions (6 × 8 repetitions; 75% 1 repetition maximum) followed by intermittent mixed-nutrient liquid feeds (∼6.5 kJ·kg−1·30 min−1), which allowed us to discern the acute effects of feeding (nonexercised leg; FED) and exercise plus feeding (exercised leg; FEDEX) on vascular function. We measured LBF using Doppler ultrasound and recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP) to calculate LVC. Our results reveal that although neither age nor RET influenced BASAL LBF, age-related declines in LBF responses to FED were eradicated by RET. Moreover, increases in LBF after FEDEX, which occurred only in young and middle-aged groups before RET (+73 ± 9%, and +90 ± 13%, P < 0.001, respectively), increased in all groups after RET (young +78 ± 10%, middle-aged +96 ± 15%, older +80 ± 19%, P < 0.001). Finally, RET robustly improved LVC under FASTED, FED, and FEDEX conditions in the older group. These data provide novel information that supports the premise that RET represents a valuable strategy to counter age-related impairments in LBF/LVC.

Lack of age-related decreases in basal whole leg blood flow in resistance-trained men

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1384-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiko Miyachi ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Kawano ◽  
Mayumi Okajima ◽  
Izumi Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Activity Groups

Reductions in basal leg blood flow have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and functional impairment in humans. We tested the hypothesis that reductions in basal whole leg blood flow with age are either absent or attenuated in those who perform regular strength training. A total of 104 normotensive men aged 20–34 yr (young) and 35–65 yr (middle aged), who were either sedentary or resistance trained, were studied. Mean and diastolic blood pressures were higher ( P < 0.05–0.001) in the middle-aged compared with the young men, but there were no significant differences between the sedentary and resistance-trained groups. In the sedentary group, basal whole leg blood flow (duplex Doppler ultrasound) and vascular conductance were lower (∼30 and ∼38%, respectively; P < 0.01) in the middle-aged compared with the young men. There were no such age-related differences in the resistance-trained group. In the young men, basal whole leg blood flow and vascular conductance were not different between the two activity groups, but, in the middle-aged men, they were higher (∼35 and ∼36%, respectively; P < 0.01) in the resistance-trained men than in the sedentary men. When blood flow and vascular conductance were expressed relative to the leg muscle mass, the results were essentially the same. We concluded that the age-related reduction in basal whole leg blood flow is absent in resistance-trained men. These results suggest that resistance training may favorably influence leg perfusion in aging humans, independent of its impact on leg muscle mass.

scholarly journals Effect of Ingested Beef Quantity on Daily Muscle Protein Synthesis During Resistance Training in Middle-aged Adults (P08-068-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen McKenna ◽  
Amadeo Salvador ◽  
Rafael Alamilla ◽  
Susannah Scaroni ◽  
Annabelle Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives High protein diets (>1.6 g/kg/d) are thought to maximize daily myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) rates to resistance exercise training. Current research has focused on isolated protein sources to stimulate MPS disregarding other nutritional factors within a healthy diet. Therefore, we examined the impact of dietary counseling underlining food-focused healthy eating patterns equally distributing protein through high-quality sources at the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) or in excess on resistance exercise mediated daily rates of MPS in middle-aged adults. Methods Nineteen healthy middle-aged adults (11 M, 8F, 48 ± 7 y, BMI: 28.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2, 7451 ± 4957 steps/d) were randomized to consume protein at the RDA (0.8–1.0 g/kg/d, n = 10) or twice the RDA (2 × RDA, 1.6–1.8 g/kg/d, n = 9) for 2 weeks. Participants were counseled to equally distribute protein between meals and consumed either 15 g (RDA) or 30 g (2 × RDA) protein from lean beef in immediately post-exercise and nightly. Week 0 (−7 to 0 d) served as a dietary habituation, and week 1 (1–8 d) included whole body resistance exercise sessions (3/wk) with the dietary intervention. On 0 d, participants ingested 5 mL/kg over 10.5 h of deuterated water (2H2O) for deuterium enrichment of body water, with maintenance daily doses of 0.625 mL/kg/d 2H2O for days 1–8. Repeated saliva and muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected throughout the 1-week intervention to assess daily rates of MPS. Results The 2 × RDA group (1.6 ± 0.4 g/kg/d) consumed significantly more protein than the RDA group (1.0 ± 0.4 g/kg/d, P = 0.01). Steady-state body water enrichment was not different (P = 0.94) between the 2 × RDA (0.9 ± 0.3%) or RDA (0.9 ± 0.1%) groups. Daily MPS was not different (P = 0.43) between RDA (0.91 ± 0.2%/d) and 2 × RDA groups (1.13 ± 0.6%/d) during the 1-week intervention. Conclusions Daily MPS with resistance exercise training is not altered by a more protein-dense diet when at least the RDA is consumed in middle-aged adults. Our data suggest that multi-component nutritional strategies focusing on protein quality, distribution, and timing may supersede the importance of only considering total quantity to support early hypertrophic protein remodeling with resistance exercise. Funding Sources This work was supported by funds provided by the National Cattleman's Beef Association.

scholarly journals Randomized, four-arm, dose-response clinical trial to optimize resistance exercise training for older adults with age-related muscle atrophy

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Stec ◽  
Anna Thalacker-Mercer ◽  
David L. Mayhew ◽  
Neil A. Kelly ◽  
S. Craig Tuggle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Mechanisms underlying absent training-induced improvement in insulin action in lean, hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Solvejg L. Hansen ◽  
Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Anne-Marie Lundsgaard ◽  
Frederikke L. Hendrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Leg Blood Flow

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been shown to be less insulin sensitive compared with control women, independent of BMI. Training is associated with molecular adaptations in skeletal muscle improving glucose uptake and metabolism in both healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals. In the present study, lean, hyperandrogenic women with PCOS (n=9) and healthy controls (CON, n=9) completed 14 weeks of controlled and supervised exercise training. In CON, the training intervention increased whole body insulin action by 26% and insulin-stimulated leg glucose uptake by 53%, together with increased insulin-stimulated leg blood flow and a more oxidative muscle fiber type distribution. In PCOS, no such changes were found, despite similar training intensity and improvements in maximal oxygen uptake. In skeletal muscle of CON, but not PCOS, training increased GLUT4 and HKII mRNA and protein expressions. These data suggest that the impaired increase in whole body insulin action in women with PCOS with training is caused by an impaired ability to upregulate key glucose handling proteins for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and insulin-stimulated leg blood flow. Still, other important benefits of exercise training appeared in women with PCOS, including an improvement of the hyperandrogenic state.

scholarly journals Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3029
Author(s):  
Mariwan H. Sayda ◽  
Bethan E. Phillips ◽  
John P. Williams ◽  
Paul L. Greenhaff ◽  
Daniel J. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Branched Chain

Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support of tissue protein regulation and can be mobilized as energy substrates during times of starvation. However, positive relationships exist between elevated levels of BCAA and insulin resistance (IR). Thus, we sought to investigate the links between fasting plasma BCAA following a progressive resistance exercise training (RET) programme, an intervention known to improve metabolic health. Fasting plasma BCAA were quantified in adults (young: 18–28 y, n = 8; middle-aged: 45–55 y, n = 9; older: 65–75 y, n = 15; BMI: 23–28 kg/m2, both males and females (~50:50), in a cross-sectional, intervention study. Participants underwent 20-weeks whole-body RET. Measurements of body composition, muscle strength (1-RM) and metabolic health biomarkers (e.g., HOMA-IR) were made at baseline and post-RET. BCAA concentrations were determined by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No associations were observed across age with BCAA; however, RET elicited (p < 0.05) increases in plasma BCAA (all age-groups), while HOMA-IR scores reduced (p < 0.05) following RET. After RET, positive correlations in lean body mass (p = 0.007) and strength gains (p = 0.001) with fasting BCAA levels were observed. Elevated BCAA are not a robust marker of ageing nor IR in those with a healthy BMI; rather, despite decreasing IR, RET was associated with increased BCAA.

scholarly journals Delineating the age-related attenuation of vascular function: Evidence supporting the efficacy of the single passive leg movement as a screening tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1525-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Hydren ◽  
Ryan M. Broxterman ◽  
Joel D. Trinity ◽  
Jayson R. Gifford ◽  
Oh Sung Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cut Score ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Hyperemic Response

Continuous passive leg movement (PLM) is a promising clinical assessment of the age-related decline in peripheral vascular function. To further refine PLM, this study evaluated the efficacy of a single PLM (sPLM), a simplified variant of the more established continuous movement approach, to delineate between healthy young and old men based on vascular function. Twelve young (26 ± 5 yr) and 12 old (70 ± 7 yr) subjects underwent sPLM (a single passive flexion and extension of the knee joint through 90°), with leg blood flow (LBF, common femoral artery with Doppler ultrasound), blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography), and leg vascular conductance (LVC) assessed. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used to determine an age-specific cut score, and a factor analysis was performed to assess covariance. Baseline LBF and LVC were not different between groups ( P = 0.6). The high level of covariance and similar predictive value for all PLM-induced LBF and LVC responses indicates LBF, alone, can act as a surrogate variable in this paradigm. The peak sPLM-induced increase in LBF from baseline was attenuated in the old (Young: 717 ± 227, Old: 260 ± 97 ml/min, P < 0.001; cut score: 372 ml/min), as was the total LBF response (Young: 155 ± 67, Old: 26 ± 17 ml, P < 0.001; cut score: 58 ml). sPLM, a simplified version of PLM, exhibits the prerequisite qualities of a valid screening test for peripheral vascular dysfunction, as evidenced by an age-related attenuation in the peripheral hyperemic response and a clearly delineated age-specific cut score. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Single passive leg movement (sPLM) exhibits the prerequisite qualities of a valid screening test for peripheral vascular dysfunction. sPLM displayed an age-related reduction in the peripheral hemodynamic response for amplitude, duration, initial rate of change, and total change with clearly delineated age-specific cut scores. sPLM has a strong candidate variable that is a simple single numeric value, for which to appraise peripheral vascular function, the 45-s hyperemic response (leg blood flow area under the curve: 45 s).

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