scholarly journals Habitual aerobic exercise does not protect against micro- or macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Santos-Parker ◽  
Talia R. Strahler ◽  
Victoria M. Vorwald ◽  
Gary L. Pierce ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Sedentary Women

Aging causes micro- and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction, as assessed by endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), which can be prevented and reversed by habitual aerobic exercise (AE) in men. However, in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, whole forearm microvascular EDD has not been studied, and a beneficial effect of AE on macrovascular EDD has not been consistently shown. We assessed forearm blood flow in response to brachial artery infusions of acetylcholine (FBFACh), a measure of whole forearm microvascular EDD, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a measure of macrovascular EDD, in 12 premenopausal sedentary women (Pre-S; 24 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max = 37.5 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1), 25 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal sedentary women (Post-S; 62 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max = 24.7 ± 0.9 ml·kg−1·min−1), and 16 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal AE-trained women (Post-AE; 59 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max = 40.4 ± 1.4 ml·kg−1·min−1). FBFACh was lower in Post-S and Post-AE compared with Pre-S women (135 ± 9 and 116 ± 17 vs. 193 ± 21 AUC, respectively, both P < 0.008), whereas Post-S and Post-AE women were not different ( P = 0.3). Brachial artery FMD was 34% (5.73 ± 0.67%) and 45% (4.79 ± 0.57%) lower in Post-S and Post-AE, respectively, vs. Pre-S women (8.69 ± 0.95%, both P ≤ 0.01), but not different between Post-S and Post-AE women ( P = 0.3). Post-AE women had lower circulating C-reactive protein and oxidized low-density lipoprotein compared with Post-S women (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2 mg/l and 40 ± 4 vs. 55 ± 3 U/l, respectively, both P = 0.01), but these markers were not correlated to FBFACh ( P = 0.3) or brachial artery FMD ( P = 0.8). These findings are consistent with the idea that habitual AE does not protect against age/menopause-related whole forearm micro- and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy nonobese estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, despite being associated with lower systemic markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that habitual aerobic exercise may not protect against age/menopause-related whole forearm microvascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy nonobese estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, consistent with recent findings regarding macrovascular endothelial function. This is in contrast to what is observed in healthy middle-aged and older aerobic exercise-trained men.

scholarly journals Flow-Mediated Vasodilation Is Not Attenuated in Hypertensive Pregnancies Despite Biochemical Signs of Inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Saarelainen ◽  
Henna Kärkkäinen ◽  
Pirjo Valtonen ◽  
Kari Punnonen ◽  
Tomi Laitinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation

Background. Our objective was to evaluate endothelial function and markers of inflammation during and after pregnancy in normal pregnancies compared to pregnancies complicated with hypertension or preeclampsia (PE). Methods and Results. We measured endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in 32 women with normal pregnancy and in 28 women whose pregnancy was complicated with hypertensive disorder in the second half of pregnancy and minimum 3-month postpartum. Enhancement of endothelial function was greater in hypertensive than normal pregnancies, the mean FMD% being 11.0% versus 8.8% during pregnancy (P=0.194) and 8.0% versus 7.9% postpartum (P=0.978). Concentrations of markers of inflammation were markedly increased in pregnant hypertensive group compared to those after delivery (hsCRP 4.5 versus 0.80 mg/L, P=0.023, IL-6 2.1 versus 1.2 pg/mL, P=0.006; TNF-α 1.9 versus 1.5 pg/mL, P=0.030). There were no statistically significant associations between the markers of inflammation and FMD. Conclusions. Brachial artery FMD was not attenuated in the third trimester hypertensive pregnancies compared to normal pregnancies, whereas circulating concentrations of hsCRP and IL-6 and TNF-α reacted to hypertensive complications.

Effects of raloxifene treatment on the phenotype of blood monocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-605
Author(s):  
Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia ◽  
Patrick Durez ◽  
Didier Oberweis ◽  
Michel Guillaume ◽  
Claude Remacle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hla Dr

Raloxifene (RLX), a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, has oestrogen-agonist effects on bone, lipoproteins, and homocysteine and oestrogen-antagonist activity in the breast and uterus, positioning it as a potential drug for long-term prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. To further evaluate its influence on cardiovascular risk factors, we studied the effects of 60 mg/day RLX on serum lipid levels, inflammatory (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and coagulation (fibrinogen) markers, monocytes, and fibrinolysis in 15 healthy postmenopausal women. Markers were measured at baseline, after 1 month without treatment, and after 3 months of treatment. Fibrinolysis was evaluated using the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) determined with a new semiautomatic optical method. Monocyte phenotype was determined by measurement of the expression of the antigens CD14, HLA-DR, and CD62-L using flow cytometry. After 3 months of RLX treatment, we observed a decrease in total cholesterol (p = 0.002), in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p <0.001), and in lipoprotein A (p = 0.01). Fibrinogen (p = 0.002) decreased significantly, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein had a tendency to decrease, but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). RLX treatment had no effect on ECLT (p = 0.223) or on white blood cell, lymphocyte, and total monocyte counts (p = 0.313). Monocyte expression of HLA-DR, CD14, and CD62-L was not modified by the treatment. In conclusion, we confirm that RLX has beneficial short-term effects on levels of lipids and inflammatory markers, with no effect on fibrinolysis or monocyte phenotype.

Fluvastatin improves endothelial dysfunction in overweight postmenopausal women through small dense low-density lipoprotein reduction

Metabolism ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Shimabukuro ◽  
Namio Higa ◽  
Tomohiro Asahi ◽  
Yoshito Oshiro ◽  
Nobuyuki Takasu
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals The Effects of Pilates and Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure, Heart Rates, and Blood Serum Lipids in Sedentary Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Çetin ◽  
Cuma Ece ◽  
Murat Şen ◽  
H. Nedim Çetin ◽  
Alaeddin Aydoğan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Sedentary Women

The aim of this study was to determinate the effects of 12 weeks pilates and aerobic exercise on blood pressure, heart rates, and blood serum lipids in sedentary females. 18 sedentary women with an average age of 45.52 years, height of 161.14 cm and weight of 72.5 kg have been selected and put through a plates and aerobic exercise programmer one hour a day for three days a week. Exercises in each training session were arranged in such a way as to make each woman’s heart rate to reach a level of 130-140 a minute. The waist and hip circumferences were measured using a measuring tape. BMI and waist hip ratio were calculated by standard formulas. Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were determined by Hitachi 717 auto analyzer. Analysis was performed on SPSS 21 version. Paired-t tests were done statistical analysis. Body Weight found before 12 weeks plates and aerobic exercise 72.5 kg and after 63.8 kg. At the end of the 12 weeks exercise program, a decrease of %12.00 in body weight, %14.03 in systolic, %3.96 in diastolic, %13.85 in cholesterol, %25.30 in Triglyceride, and %22.33 in LDL-C have been registered. However, there were increases of %16.34 in HDL-C. The effects of aerobic exercise is on Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol since (p<0.01). At the end of the 12 weeks exercise program, a decrease %13.34 hip circumference and %4.19 waist circumference. Waist to hip ratio found before 12 weeks plates and aerobic exercise 0.87 cm and after 0.78 cm. The effects of aerobic exercise is on Body weight, Systolic blood pressure, Heart rate, hip and waist circumference since (p<0.05; p<0.01). In this study, together Pilates and aerobic exercise was effective in sedentary women with initially high total cholesterol, triglyceride, and Low density lipoprotein levels. At end of the cycles of 12 weeks Pilates and aerobic exercises, has a positive effect of waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, and heart beats in sedentary females. Risk of heart and vascular disease is reduced. Pilates and aerobic exercises are recommended for decrease risk.

scholarly journals Regular aerobic exercise training improves endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-da Xiang ◽  
Jinhui Pu ◽  
Huiling Sun ◽  
Linshuang Zhao ◽  
Ling Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Arterial Dilation

ObjectiveImpairment of flow-mediated endothelium-dependent arterial dilation (FMD) exists in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT). Several studies showed that exercise training can improve FMD in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesized that exercise training can also improve FMD in subjects with sHT. The purpose of the study was to test this hypothesis.Research design and methodsWe selected 30 sedentary women with sHT and 27 sedentary healthy women with euthyroid. All individuals participated in an exercise training of 6 months. Before and after exercise training, high resolution ultrasound was used to measure FMD.ResultsAt baseline, FMD among subjects with sHT was 3.87%, which was significantly lower than that in controls (5.98%; P<0.001). After 6 months of exercise, there was a remarkable increase in FMD (31.3%) and VO2 max (36.7%; P<0.01), and significant decreases in total cholesterol (20%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL; 29%), triglycerides (TG; 47.6%), and C-reactive protein (CRP; 61.5%; P<0.05) were observed over the exercise in patients with sHT. The absolute changes in FMD showed significant correlation with changes in LDL (r=−0.596), TG (r=−0.532), and CRP (r=−0.511; P<0.01), and multiple regression analysis showed changes of LDL, TG, CRP were significant determinants of changes of FMD in sHT patients during exercise course.ConclusionRegular aerobic exercise improves FMD in sHT patients, and changes of lipids and inflammation during the exercise period may partially contribute to the improvement of endothelial function.

Aerobic exercise acutely prevents the endothelial dysfunction induced by mental stress among subjects with metabolic syndrome: the role of shear rate

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (7) ◽  
pp. H963-H971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. K. Sales ◽  
Igor A. Fernandes ◽  
Natália G. Rocha ◽  
Lucas S. Costa ◽  
Helena N. M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Artery Flow

Mental stress induces transient endothelial dysfunction, which is an important finding for subjects at cardiometabolic risk. Thus, we tested whether aerobic exercise prevents this dysfunction among subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and whether an increase in shear rate during exercise plays a role in this phenomenon. Subjects with MetS participated in two protocols. In protocol 1 ( n = 16), endothelial function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Subjects then underwent a mental stress test followed by either 40 min of leg cycling or rest across two randomized sessions. FMD was assessed again at 30 and 60 min after exercise or rest, with a second mental stress test in between. Mental stress reduced FMD at 30 and 60 min after the rest session (baseline: 7.7 ± 0.4%, 30 min: 5.4 ± 0.5%, and 60 min: 3.9 ± 0.5%, P < 0.05 vs. baseline), whereas exercise prevented this reduction (baseline: 7.5 ± 0.4%, 30 min: 7.2 ± 0.7%, and 60 min: 8.7 ± 0.8%, P > 0.05 vs. baseline). Protocol 2 ( n = 5) was similar to protocol 1 except that the first period of mental stress was followed by either exercise in which the brachial artery shear rate was attenuated via forearm cuff inflation or exercise without a cuff. Noncuffed exercise prevented the reduction in FMD (baseline: 7.5 ± 0.7%, 30 min: 7.0 ± 0.7%, and 60 min: 8.7 ± 0.8%, P > 0.05 vs. baseline), whereas cuffed exercise failed to prevent this reduction (baseline: 7.5 ± 0.6%, 30 min: 5.4 ± 0.8%, and 60 min: 4.1 ± 0.9%, P < 0.05 vs. baseline). In conclusion, exercise prevented mental stress-induced endothelial dysfunction among subjects with MetS, and an increase in shear rate during exercise mediated this effect.

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