scholarly journals Simple intermittent resistance activity mitigates the detrimental effect of prolonged unbroken sitting on arterial function in overweight and obese adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1787-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Climie ◽  
Michael J. Wheeler ◽  
Megan Grace ◽  
Elisabeth A. Lambert ◽  
Neale Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Arterial Function ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Prolonged sitting contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The underlying mechanisms are unknown but may include changes in arterial function and vasoactive mediators. We examined the effects of prolonged unbroken sitting, relative to regular active interruptions to sitting time, on arterial function in adults at increased CVD risk. In a randomized crossover trial, 19 sedentary overweight/obese adults (mean ± SD age 57 ± 12 yr) completed 2 laboratory-based conditions: 5 h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) and 5 h sitting interrupted every 30 min by 3 min of simple resistance activities (SRA). Femoral artery function [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)], blood flow, and shear rate were measured at 0 h, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h. Brachial FMD was assessed at 0 and 5 h. Plasma was collected hourly for measurement of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitrates/nitrites, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). There was a significant decline in femoral artery FMD, averaged over 5 h in the SIT condition, relative to SRA ( P < 0.001). Plasma ET-1 total area under the curve over 5 h increased in the SIT condition compared with SRA ( P = 0.006). There was no significant difference between conditions in femoral or brachial shear rate, brachial FMD, nitrates/nitrites, VCAM-1, or ICAM-1 ( P > 0.05 for all). Five hours of prolonged sitting, relative to regular interruptions to sitting time, impaired femoral artery vasodilator function and increased circulating ET-1 in overweight/obese adults. There is the need to build on this evidence beyond acute observations to better understand the potential longer-term vascular-related consequences of prolonged sitting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the effect of prolonged sitting on arterial function in adults at increased cardiovascular disease risk. We have shown that 5 h of prolonged sitting, relative to regular interruptions to sitting time, impaired femoral artery vasodilator function and increased circulating endothelin-1 in overweight/obese adults. There is now the need to build on this evidence beyond acute observations to better understand the potential longer-term vascular-related consequences of prolonged sitting.

Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting on Vascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances C. Taylor ◽  
David W. Dunstan ◽  
Ashleigh R Homer ◽  
Paddy C. Dempsey ◽  
Bronwyn A Kingwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Artery Flow

In healthy and overweight/obese adults, interrupting prolonged sitting with activity bouts mitigates impairment in vascular function. However, it is unknown whether these benefits extend to those with type 2 diabetes (T2D); nor, whether an optimal frequency of activity interruptions exist. We examined the acute effects on vascular function in T2D of interrupting prolonged sitting with simple resistance activities (SRA) at different frequencies. In a randomized crossover trial, 24 adults with T2D (35-70 years) completed three 7-hour conditions: 1) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); 2) sitting with 3 minute bouts of SRA every 30 min (SRA3); and, 3) sitting with 6 minute bouts of SRA every 60 min (SRA6). Femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), resting shear rate, blood flow and endothelin-1 were measured at 0h, 1h, 3.5h, 4.5h, and 6.5-7h. Mean femoral artery FMD over 7 hours was significantly higher in SRA3 (4.1 ± 0.3%) compared to SIT (3.7 ± 0.3%, p = 0.04), but not in SRA6. Mean resting femoral shear rate over 7 hours was increased significantly for SRA3 (45.3±4.1/s, p<0.001) and SRA6 (46.2±4.1/s, p<0.001) relative to SIT (33.1±4.1/s). Endothelin-1 concentrations were not statistically different between conditions. Interrupting sitting with activity breaks every 30 minutes, but not 60 minutes, significantly increased mean femoral artery FMD over 7 hours, relative to SIT. Our findings suggest that more-frequent and shorter breaks may be more beneficial than longer, less-frequent breaks for vascular health in those with T2D.

scholarly journals Mixed Nut Consumption May Improve Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Abbaspour ◽  
Traci Roberts ◽  
Shirin Hooshmand ◽  
Mark Kern ◽  
Mee Young Hong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Health Promoting

Emerging research indicates that nuts are a source of health-promoting compounds demonstrating cardioprotective benefits. However, most studies have assessed the effect of single nuts rather than a nut mixture. The objective of this study was, therefore, to examine the effect of mixed-nut consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese adults. In a randomized, parallel-arm, controlled trial, 48 participants consumed isocaloric (250 kcal) amounts of pretzels or mixed-nuts. Body weight (BW) (p = 0.024), BMI (p = 0.043), and insulin levels (p = 0.032) were significantly lower in the nut group compared to the pretzel group. Mixed-nut consumption also significantly reduced glucose (p = 0.04) and insulin (p = 0.032) levels after 4 and 8 weeks compared to baseline, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase of the nut group was significantly lower than the pretzel group (p = 0.002). No significant differences were detected between groups for triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C. However, pretzel consumption increased triglycerides (p = 0.048) from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. Moreover, LDL-C increased (p = 0.038) while HDL-C transiently decreased (p = 0.044) from baseline to 4 weeks. No significant lipid changes were detected within the nut group. Our results suggest that supplementing the diet with mixed-nuts could improve CVD risk factors by improving BW and glucose regulation in comparison to a common carbohydrate-rich snack without promoting the negative effects on lipids detected with pretzels.

scholarly journals Endogenous endothelin-1 and femoral artery shear rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. Trinity ◽  
Zachary Barrett-O’Keefe ◽  
Stephen J. Ives ◽  
Garrett Morgan ◽  
Matthew J. Rossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Endothelin 1

Influence of sex on microvascular and macrovascular responses to prolonged sitting

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. H800-H805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Vranish ◽  
Benjamin E. Young ◽  
Jasdeep Kaur ◽  
Jordan C. Patik ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Microvascular Reactivity ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Increased daily sitting time is associated with greater cardiovascular risk, and, on average, women are more sedentary than men. Recent reports have demonstrated that prolonged sitting reduces lower leg microvascular (reactive hyperemia) and macrovascular [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] vasodilator function. However, these studies have predominately included men, and the effects of sitting in young women are largely unexplored. This becomes important given known sex differences in vascular function. Thus, herein, we assessed popliteal artery reactive hyperemia and FMD before and after a 3-h sitting period in healthy young women ( n = 12) and men ( n = 8). In addition, resting popliteal artery hemodynamics (duplex Doppler ultrasound) and calf circumference were measured before, during, and after sitting. Resting popliteal artery shear rate was reduced to a similar extent in both groups during the sitting period (women: −48.5 ± 8.4 s−1 and men: −52.9 ± 12.3 s−1, P = 0.45). This was accompanied by comparable increases in calf circumference in men and women ( P = 0.37). After the sitting period, popliteal artery FMD was significantly reduced in men (PreSit: 5.5 ± 0.9% and PostSit: 1.6 ± 0.4%, P < 0.001) but not women (PreSit: 4.4 ± 0.6% and PostSit: 3.6 ± 0.6%, P = 0.29). In contrast, both groups demonstrated similar reductions in hyperemic blood flow area under the curve (women: −28,860 ± 5,742 arbitrary units and men: −28,691 ± 9,685 arbitrary units, P = 0.99), indicating impaired microvascular reactivity after sitting. These findings indicate that despite comparable reductions in shear rate during 3 h of uninterrupted sitting, macrovascular function appears protected in some young women but the response was variable, whereas men exhibited more consistent reductions in FMD. In contrast, the leg microvasculature is susceptible to similar sitting-induced impairments in men and women. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that leg macrovascular function was consistently reduced in young men but not young women after prolonged sitting. In contrast, both men and women exhibited similar reductions in leg microvascular reactivity after sitting. These data demonstrate, for the first time, sex differences in vascular responses to prolonged sitting.

Endogenous Endothelin-1 And Femoral Artery Shear Rate

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Joel Trinity ◽  
Zachary Barrett-O’Keefe ◽  
Russell S. Richardson ◽  
D Walter Wray
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Endothelin 1

scholarly journals Time Spent Sitting as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Beate Henschel ◽  
Anna M. Gorczyca ◽  
Andrea K. Chomistek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Cross Sectional

Sedentary behavior is highly prevalent despite growing evidence of adverse effects on the cardiovascular and metabolic system that are independent of the level of recreational physical activity (PA). We present results for the association between sitting time and cardiovascular disease (CVD) from selected cohort and cross-sectional studies published in or after the year 2010 according to the domains where sitting time is accumulated during the day. These include TV viewing, occupational sitting, and sitting during transportation as well as overall sitting. The outcomes considered in this review are total CVD, coronary heart disease, and stroke as well as CVD risk factors—namely, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes and their associated biomarkers. Finally, several current issues with regard to studying the effects of sitting time on CVD are discussed, including how sedentary behavior is assessed, isotemporal substitution modeling, examination of joint associations for sitting and PA, and benefits of breaks in sitting time. Overall, the scientific evidence supports public health recommendations that encourage adults to limit their sedentary time in order to improve their cardiovascular health.

Sitting cross-legged for 30 min alters lower limb shear stress pattern but not flow-mediated dilation or arterial stiffness

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Tremblay ◽  
Taylor V. Stimpson ◽  
Kristen M. Murray ◽  
Kyra E. Pyke
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Prolonged sitting decreases lower limb endothelial function via sustained reductions in mean shear rate. We tested whether 30 min of sitting cross-legged differentially impacts superficial femoral artery shear rate pattern, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and leg pulse-wave velocity (PWV) compared with sitting flat-footed. Sitting cross-legged attenuated the reduction in mean and antegrade shear rate and increased arterial pressure compared with sitting flat-footed. Superficial femoral artery FMD and leg PWV were unaltered following either sitting position.

A Comparison of Biological and Physical Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight/Obese Individuals With and Without Prediabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Physical Risk Factors

Compared with type 2 diabetes, evaluating the direct biological and physical risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in overweight/obese adults with and without prediabetes is less understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare baseline biological and physical risk factors for CVD among overweight/obese adults with and without prediabetes. A secondary data analysis was performed. Three hundred forty-one overweight/obese participants were included in the analysis. Compared with non-prediabetics, prediabetics had higher fasting blood glucose, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and triglycerides. Prediabetics were also more likely to be insulin resistant than non-prediabetics. Participants with prediabetes had much lower cardiorespiratory fitness than those without prediabetes. Findings from this study suggest that healthy overweight/obese adults with prediabetes were likely at higher biological and physical risk of CVD at baseline compared with those without prediabetes. Early intervention to improve CVD risk progression among persons with prediabetes is essential.

Apple consumption reduces markers of postprandial inflammation following a high fat meal in overweight and obese adults: A randomized, crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyelle M. Liddle ◽  
Xinjie Lois ◽  
Emily Ward ◽  
Liam C. Cox ◽  
Amanda J. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Postprandial Inflammation ◽  
Fat Meal

High fat meal-induced postprandial inflammation is exacerbated in overweight and obesity and may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to determine the effects of apples, rich in...

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