Contralateral effects of unilateral resistance training: a meta-analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1861-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Munn ◽  
R. D. Herbert ◽  
S. C. Gandevia
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Voluntary Strength ◽  
Contralateral Effects

It is often claimed that strength training of one limb increases the strength of the contralateral limb, but this has not been demonstrated consistently, particularly in well-controlled studies. The aim was to quantitatively combine the results of other studies on the effects of unilateral training on contralateral strength in humans to provide an answer to this physiological question. We analyzed all randomized controlled studies of voluntary unilateral resistance training that used training intensities of at least 50% of maximal voluntary strength for a minimum of 2 wk. Studies were identified by computerized and hand searches of the literature. Data on changes in strength of contralateral and control limbs were extracted and statistically pooled in a meta-analysis. This approach allows conclusions to be based on a statistically meaningful sample size, which might be difficult to achieve in other ways. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, and 13 provided enough data for statistical pooling. The contralateral effects of strength training reported in individual studies varied from -2.7 to 21.6% of initial strength. The pooled estimate of the effect of unilateral resistance training on the maximal voluntary strength of the contralateral limb was 7.8% (95% confidence interval: 4.1-11.6%). This was 35.1% (95% confidence interval: 20.9-49.3%) of the effect on the trained limb. Pooling of all available data shows that unilateral strength training produces modest increases in contralateral strength.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions to Improve Gait Speed in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1938-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle G. Moreau ◽  
Amy Winter Bodkin ◽  
Kristie Bjornson ◽  
Amy Hobbs ◽  
Mallary Soileau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) have decreased gait speeds, which can negatively affect their community participation and quality of life. However, evidence for effective rehabilitation interventions to improve gait speed remains unclear.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of interventions for improving gait speed in ambulatory children with CP.Data SourcesMEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and PEDro were searched from inception through April 2014.Study SelectionThe selected studies were randomized controlled trials or had experimental designs with a comparison group, included a physical therapy or rehabilitation intervention for children with CP, and reported gait speed as an outcome measure.Data ExtractionMethodological quality was assessed by PEDro scores. Means, standard deviations, and change scores for gait speed were extracted. General study information and dosing parameters (frequency, duration, intensity, and volume) of the intervention were recorded.Data SynthesisTwenty-four studies were included. Three categories of interventions were identified: gait training (n=8), resistance training (n=9), and miscellaneous (n=7). Meta-analysis showed that gait training was effective in increasing gait speed, with a standardized effect size of 0.92 (95% confidence interval=0.19, 1.66; P=.01), whereas resistance training was shown to have a negligible effect (effect size=0.06; 95% confidence interval=−0.12, 0.25; P=.51). Effect sizes from negative to large were reported for studies in the miscellaneous category.LimitationsGait speed was the only outcome measure analyzed.ConclusionsGait training was the most effective intervention in improving gait speed for ambulatory children with CP. Strength training, even if properly dosed, was not shown to be effective in improving gait speed. Velocity training, electromyographic biofeedback training, and whole-body vibration were effective in improving gait speed in individual studies and warrant further investigation.

Contralateral effects of unilateral strength training: evidence and possible mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Carroll ◽  
Robert D. Herbert ◽  
Joanne Munn ◽  
Michael Lee ◽  
Simon C. Gandevia
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Contralateral Effect

If exercises are performed to increase muscle strength on one side of the body, voluntary strength can increase on the contralateral side. This effect, termed the contralateral strength training effect, is usually measured in homologous muscles. Although known for over a century, most studies have not been designed well enough to show a definitive transfer of strength that could not be explained by factors such as familiarity with the testing. However, an updated meta-analysis of 16 properly controlled studies (range 15–48 training sessions) shows that the size of the contralateral strength training effect is ∼8% of initial strength or about half the increase in strength of the trained side. This estimate is similar to results of a large, randomized controlled study of training for the elbow flexors (contralateral effect of 7% initial strength or one-quarter of the effect on the trained side). This is likely to reflect increased motoneuron output rather than muscular adaptations, although most methods are insufficiently sensitive to detect small muscle contributions. Two classes of central mechanism are identified. One involves a “spillover” to the control system for the contralateral limb, and the other involves adaptations in the control system for the trained limb that can be accessed by the untrained limb. Cortical, subcortical and spinal levels are all likely to be involved in the “transfer,” and none can be excluded with current data. Although the size of the effect is small and may not be clinically significant, study of the phenomenon provides insight into neural mechanisms associated with exercise and training.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions related to social distancing on respiratory viral infectious disease outcomes: A rapid evidence-based review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110229
Author(s):  
Rubina F Rizvi ◽  
Kelly J Thomas Craig ◽  
Rezzan Hekmat ◽  
Fredy Reyes ◽  
Brett South ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Objectives: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g. quarantine and isolation) are used to mitigate and control viral infectious disease, but their effectiveness has not been well studied. For COVID-19, disease control efforts will rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions until pharmaceutical interventions become widely available, while non-pharmaceutical interventions will be of continued importance thereafter. Methods: This rapid evidence-based review provides both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the effectiveness of social distancing non-pharmaceutical interventions on disease outcomes. Literature was retrieved from MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and pre-print databases ( BioRxiv.org , MedRxiv.org , and Wellcome Open Research). Results: Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria ( n = 28). Early, sustained, and combined application of various non-pharmaceutical interventions could mitigate and control primary outbreaks and prevent more severe secondary or tertiary outbreaks. The strategic use of non-pharmaceutical interventions decreased incidence, transmission, and/or mortality across all interventions examined. The pooled attack rates for no non-pharmaceutical intervention, single non-pharmaceutical interventions, and multiple non-pharmaceutical interventions were 42% (95% confidence interval = 30% – 55%), 29% (95% confidence interval = 23% – 36%), and 22% (95% confidence interval = 16% – 29%), respectively. Conclusion: Implementation of multiple non-pharmaceutical interventions at key decision points for public health could effectively facilitate disease mitigation and suppression until pharmaceutical interventions become available. Dynamics around R0 values, the susceptibility of certain high-risk patient groups to infection, and the probability of asymptomatic cases spreading disease should be considered.

The Effects of Statins on Physical Activity or Physical Fitness Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-774
Author(s):  
Adelle Gadowski ◽  
Alice J. Owen ◽  
Andrea Curtis ◽  
Natalie Nanayakkara ◽  
Stephane Heritier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Control

This review examines the effects of statins on physical activity and/or fitness, as statins can have adverse muscle effects. A search was done of MEDLINE, Embase, and EBMR databases up to July 2018 for randomized controlled trials comparing statin with placebo or control, measuring physical activity and/or fitness in adults. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (total participants [N] = 2,944) were included, 6 randomized controlled trials contributed data for meta-analysis. Random effects meta-analysis examined differences in physical fitness, maximal exercise time (in seconds) in exercise testing, and maximal heart rate (in beats per minute) between statins and control. No significant difference between statin and control for maximal heart rate (mean difference = 2.8 beats per minute, 95% confidence interval [−7.4, 13.0]; p = .59) nor exercise time (mean difference = 82.8 s, 95% confidence interval [−31.9, 197.4]; p = .516) were seen. There were insufficient studies reporting habitual physical activity to perform a meta-analysis. This review found no evidence for an effect of statins on physical activity or fitness, but data availability is limited.

What is the Impact of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on Semen Parameters? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Radfar ◽  
Nasser Simforoosh ◽  
Mehdi Sotoudeh ◽  
Mehdi H. Ramezani ◽  
Mohammad J. Mollakoochakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Shock Wave ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
And Control

Background Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is an important tool for the management of urolithiasis. The effects of shockwaves on tissues are established. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the microscopic semen characteristics of young men before and after ESWL treatment for lower ureteral calculi. Methods Literature searches were performed following the Cochrane guidelines. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that included six trials that investigated the effects of ESWL on semen parameters, including sperm concentration, motility, and hematospermia. Meta-analyses were performed using fixed and random-effects models with tests for publication bias and heterogeneity. Results Significant worsening was detected in sperm concentration and motility after ESWL between case and control groups (mean difference -17.23, 95% confidence interval -22.53 to -11.93, p<0.00001, mean difference -10.82, 95% confidence interval -18.56 to -3.07, p = 0.006). Rate of microscopic and macroscopic hematospermia was significantly higher after ESWL between case and control groups [risk ratio (RR) 40.00, 95% confidence interval 10.11-158.30, p<0.00001, RR 14.33, 95% confidence interval 2.82-72.90, p = 0.001]. All parameters recovered after 3 months. Conclusions This study showed sperm concentration, motility, and rate of hematospermia (microscopic and macroscopic) were affected by ESWL that was used for the treatment of lower ureteral stone. Long-term studies with a focus on male fertility (i.e., pregnancy rates) after ESWL are warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Training in the Treatment of Pre-Sarcopenia or Sarcopenia and Pre-Frailty or Frailty in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Talar ◽  
Tomas Vetrovsky ◽  
Ewa Kalamacka ◽  
Michal Steffl
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Strength Effect

Abstract Background: Resistance training (RT) is considered as an effective method to increase muscle strength and physical performance in elderly people. Methods: A search from the earliest record up to and including June 2019 was carried out using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy employed combined the terms related to the population (e.g. ‘sarcopenia’, ‘frailty’) with terms for the intervention (e.g. ‘resistance training’, ‘strength training’). Results: 11 studies including 2691 subjects were included in our meta-analysis (aged 64-98). Training duration ranged from 8 to 48 weeks and intensity up to 80% of 1-RM. According to the meta-analyses, RT had statistically significant effect on all the measures except handgrip strength. In handgrip strength Effect size (ES) was 0.58 (95 % CI: - 0.10 to 1.26) p = 0.076 with the moderate heterogeneity (I 2 = 58.6%). ES in legs strength was 0.52 (95 % CI 0.11 to 0.92) p = 0.022, I 2 = 42.0 %. The biggest ES was in TUG test where ES was 0.90 (95 % CI 0.19 to 1.60) p = 0.022, however, there was a high heterogeneity I 2 = 89.6. The high ES was found also in FFM 0.69 (95 % CI 0.17 to 1.20) p = 0.025, and gait speed 0.41 (95 % CI 0.11 to 0.72) p = 0.017. In both cases, there was small heterogeneity I 2 = 13.2 % respective 38.3 %. The overall ES was estimated 0.67 (95 % CI 0.40 to 0.93) p <0.001. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity was high I 2 = 78.1 %.Conclusion: RT interventions in pre-frail, frail, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic older adults, provided evidence that RT has positive effects on most of the outcome measurements included in the current revision except handgrip strength.

scholarly journals Effects of Strength Training on Olympic Time-Based Sport Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1318-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Lum ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
And Training ◽  
Trial Performance

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of strength training on Olympic time-based sports (OTBS) time-trial performance and provide an estimate of the impact of type of strength training, age, training status, and training duration on OTBS time-trial performance. Methods: A search on 3 electronic databases was conducted. The analysis comprised 32 effects in 28 studies. Posttest time-trial performance of intervention and control group from each study was used to estimate the standardized magnitude of impact of strength training on OTBS time-trial performance. Results: Strength training had a moderate positive effect on OTBS time-trial performance (effect size = 0.59, P < .01). Subgroup meta-analysis showed that heavy weight training (effect size = 0.30, P = .01) produced a significant effect, whereas other modes did not induce significant effects. Training status as factorial covariate was significant for well-trained athletes (effect size = 0.62, P = .04), but not for other training levels. Meta-regression analysis yielded nonsignificant relationship with age of the participants recruited (β = −0.04; 95% confidence interval, −0.08 to 0.004; P = .07) and training duration (β = −0.05; 95% confidence interval, −0.11 to 0.02; P = .15) as continuous covariates. Conclusion: Heavy weight training is an effective method for improving OTBS time-trial performance. Strength training has greatest impact on well-trained athletes regardless of age and training duration.

Effectiveness of telemonitoring versus usual care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah-Ram Sul ◽  
Da-Hyun Lyu ◽  
Dong-Ah Park
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
And Control

Aims The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of telemonitoring for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL up to September 2018. We selected randomised controlled trials comparing telemonitoring and control groups for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. Two reviewers independently examined articles based on eligibility, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. The Cochrane tool was applied for assessing the risk of bias. The 95% confidence interval was calculated. Results A total of 28 randomised controlled trials were included. Meta-analysis revealed that there were no variables showing a statistically significant difference between telemonitoring and control groups. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation rate (six studies) was not different between two groups (risk ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.31–1.42). Subgroup analysis showed that telemonitoring reduced exacerbation rates when the intervention continued for longer than six months or pulmonary function was monitored. No differences between groups were noticed for mortality (seven studies, risk ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.60–1.34). Similarly, no differences between groups were observed in the patient-reported outcomes (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire-Dyspnea score) and for health service utilization (length of hospital stay, number of hospital admissions, number of emergency room visits). Conclusions Telemonitoring for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was unlikely to result in statistically significant improvements in health outcomes. However, our novel finding was that at least six months of intervention duration and monitoring of pulmonary function play roles in activating the effects of telemonitoring.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen in reduce the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cheol Chang ◽  
Sang Gyu Kwak ◽  
Jin-Sung Park ◽  
Donghwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract To test the hypothesis that aspirin, non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drugs (NA-NSAIDs), or acetaminophen can reduce the risk of ALS, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of related previous studies. A comprehensive search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS databases. It included studies published up to 29 February 2020 that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Aspirin, acetaminophen and NA-NSAIDs use information, between the ALS and control groups, was collected for the meta-analysis. Rates of aspirin, NA-NSAID, and acetaminophen use in ALS group, compared with control group were investigated. In the results, only three studies that relate the risk of ALS to aspirin, NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen use satisfied the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Regarding aspirin, the studies did not show any statistically significant difference in aspirin use between the ALS and control groups (Odds ratio, 1.04 [95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.21]). NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen use, however, did show up statistically significant differences in between the ALS and control groups. (Odds ratio, 0.82 [95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.91]) and (Odds ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.93]). However, our study has some limitations. Firstly, we only included a small number of studies. Secondly, the included studies did not control for past medical history, which may have confounded their results, and in turn, could have caused bias in our study. Thirdly, in this meta-analysis, the ALS patients were not subdivided into sporadic or familial type. Lastly, the studies also did not consider the types of NSAIDs and dosages used of each drug. For more convincing evidence regarding the effectiveness of aspirin, NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen to reduce the risk of ALS occurrence, more qualified prospective studies are required. In conclusion, the use of NA-NSAIDs and acetaminophen is associated with a decreased risk for the development of ALS. In contrast, aspirin did not have any effect on the reduction of the risk of ALS occurrence.

scholarly journals Training with elastic and conventional devices on body composition: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Santos Silva Lopes ◽  
Jales Fagundes da Silva Neto ◽  
Rayana Loch Gomes ◽  
Aline de Castilho Almeida ◽  
Jéssica Kirsch Michelleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Abstract Introduction: Given the practicality and low cost of elastic devices, a comparison with conventional devices may be able to quantify gains from both tools for further conclusions. Objective: Compare the effect of resistance training with elastic (tubes and resistance band) and conventional (weight machines and dumbbells) devices on body composition. Method: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PEDro and CENTRAL databases were searched from the earliest records to July 25, 2018. Data were described in standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Four studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis did not show superiority among the analyzed methods for the variables investigated (SMD = -2.04, 95% CI -7.56, 3.48, p < 0.00001, lean mass: SMD = 0.28, 95% CI -0.29, 0.85, p = 0.97, body fat: SMD = 2.77, 95% CI -0.05, 5.59, p = 0.92, body mass: SMD = 1.22, 95% CI -0.29, 2.74, p = 0.11). Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis showed superiority of outcome from training in conventional devices only for the variable fat mass. For the other variables, no statistically significant differences were found. Elastic resistance can promote similar outcomes to resistance in different population profiles and from various protocols on variables related to body composition.

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