Re: Effects of leptin and obesity on the upper airway function by Polotsky et al.

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623-1624
Author(s):  
Kingman P. Strohl
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Function

Mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor activation on pharyngeal airway function

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Kuna ◽  
Christi R. Vanoye
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Mechanical Effects ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Pharyngeal Branch

The mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor (PC) muscle activation on pharyngeal airway function were determined in 20 decerebrate, tracheotomized cats. In 10 cats, a high-compliance balloon attached to a pressure transducer was partially inflated to just occlude the pharyngeal airway. During progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia, changes in pharyngeal balloon pressure were directly related to phasic expiratory hyopharyngeus (middle PC) activity. In two separate protocols in 10 additional cats, the following measurements were obtained with and without bilateral electrical stimulation (0.2-ms duration, threshold voltage) of the distal cut end of the vagus nerve’s pharyngeal branch supplying PC motor output: 1) pressure-volume relationships in an isolated, sealed upper airway at a stimulation frequency of 30 Hz and 2) rostrally directed axial force over a stimulation frequency range of 0–40 Hz. Airway compliance determined from the pressure-volume relationships decreased with PC stimulation at and below resting airway volume. Compared with the unstimulated condition, PC stimulation increased airway pressure at airway volumes at and above resting volume. This constrictor effect progressively diminished as airway volume was brought below resting volume. At relatively low airway volumes below resting volume, PC stimulation decreased airway pressure compared with that without stimulation. PC stimulation generated a rostrally directed axial force that was directly related to stimulation frequency. The results indicate that PC activation stiffens the pharyngeal airway, exerting both radial and axial effects. The radial effects are dependent on airway volume: constriction of the airway at relatively high airway volumes, and dilation of the airway at relatively low airway volumes. The results imply that, under certain conditions, PC muscle activation may promote pharyngeal airway patency.

The Pediatric Airway

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Lowell Clark ◽  
Stephen Tomek
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Deep Sedation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Procedural Sedation ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Specific Responsibility

The practice of procedural sedation involves the use of medications that alter upper airway function and patency because of myoneural suppression of anatomic airway elements. It is the specific responsibility of the sedationist to ensure upper airway patency during conditions induced by pharmaceuticals in which the airway is almost certain to be threatened, if not totally obstructed. Soft tissue collapse during inspiration is modeled by the Starling resistor. Airway protective reflexes may be profoundly disturbed during deep sedation. The sedationist’s knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the upper airway and proficiency in clinical application of airway supportive principles are essential.

Bilateral Laryngoceles

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 819-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Thomas ◽  
G. J. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Airway Function

The authors present an unusual case of upper airway obstruction due to the presence of bilateral communicating laryngoceles. The use of aspiration techniques on the larger of the laryngoceles resulted in a significant improvement in upper airway function. This improvement avoided the need for a tracheostomy or intubation under potentially hazardous circumstances and allowed the eventual surgery to take place in more controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Upper airway function and arousability to ventilatory challenge in slow wave versus stage 2 sleep in obstructive sleep apnoea

Thorax ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ratnavadivel ◽  
D. Stadler ◽  
S. Windler ◽  
J. Bradley ◽  
D. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Wave Versus ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep ◽  
Versus Stage

scholarly journals Acceleromyography for Use in Scientific and Clinical Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Claudius ◽  
Jørgen Viby-Mogensen ◽  
David S. Warner ◽  
Mark A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Residual Paralysis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Value Recovery ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Train Of Four

This systematic review describes the evidence on the use of acceleromyography for perioperative neuromuscular monitoring in clinical practice and research. The review documents that although acceleromyography is widely used in research, it cannot be used interchangeably with mechanomyography and electromyography for construction of dose-response curves or for recording different pharmacodynamic variables after injection of a neuromuscular blocking agent. Some studies indicate that it may be beneficial to use a preload to increase the precision of acceleromyography, and to "normalize" the train-of-four ratio to decrease the bias in relation to mechanomyography and electromyography. However, currently the evidence is insufficient to support the routine clinical use of preload and "normalization." In contrast, there is good evidence that acceleromyography improves detection of postoperative residual paralysis. A train-of-four ratio of 1.0 predicts with a high predictive value recovery of pulmonary and upper airway function from neuromuscular blockade.

Improvement in Upper Airway Function after Weight Loss in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

1988 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rubinstein ◽  
N. Colapinto ◽  
L. E. Rotstein ◽  
I. G. Brown ◽  
V. Hoffstein
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Effect of hypertension on upper airway function and sleep apnoea

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN R. SCHWARTZ ◽  
JAMES A. ROWLEY ◽  
CHRISTOPHER O'DONNELL ◽  
EARL D. KING ◽  
ALEXANDER MAYOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Airway Function
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