Intermuscular adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass: estimation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehee Kim ◽  
Stanley Heshka ◽  
Dympna Gallagher ◽  
Donald P. Kotler ◽  
Laurel Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Race Model ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue

Skeletal muscle (SM) is a large and physiologically important compartment. Adipose tissue is found interspersed between and within SM groups and is referred to as intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). The study objective was to develop prediction models linking appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) estimates by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with whole body IMAT-free SM quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. ALST and total-body IMAT-free SM were evaluated in 270 healthy adults [body mass index (BMI) of <35 kg/m2]. The SM prediction models were then validated by the leave-one-out method and by application in a new group of subjects who varied in SM mass [anorexia nervosa (AN), n = 23; recreational athletes, n = 16; patients with acromegaly, n = 7]. ALST alone was highly correlated with whole body IMAT-free SM [ model 1: R2 = 0.96, standard error (SE) = 1.46 kg, P < 0.001]; age ( model 2: R2 = 0.97, SE = 1.38 kg, P < 0.001) and sex and race ( model 3: R2 = 0.97, SE = 1.06 kg, both P < 0.001) added significantly to the prediction models. All three models validated in the athletes and patients with acromegaly but significantly ( P < 0.01–0.001) over-predicted SM in the AN group as a whole. However, model 1 was validated in AN patients with BMIs in the model-development group range ( n = 11; BMI of >16 kg/m2) but not in those with a BMI of <16 kg/m2 ( n = 12). The DXA-based models are accurate for predicting IMAT-free SM in selected populations and thus provide a new opportunity for quantifying SM in physiological and epidemiological investigations.

Whole-body adipose tissue analysis: comparison of MRI, CT and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (974) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J KULLBERG ◽  
J BRANDBERG ◽  
J-E ANGELHED ◽  
H FRIMMEL ◽  
E BERGELIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
X Ray

IMPACT OF FAT-FREE ADIPOSE TISSUE ON THE PREVALENCE OF LOW MUSCLE MASS ESTIMATED USING CALF CIRCUMFERENCE IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
T. Abe ◽  
S.J. Dankel ◽  
Z.W. Bell ◽  
E. Fujita ◽  
Y. Yaginuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Japanese Adults

Previous studies proposed calf circumference cutoff values for predicting dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived low muscle mass. However, DXA-derived appendicular lean mass (aLM) includes non-skeletal muscle components such as the appendicular fat-free component of adipose tissue fat cells (aFFAT). The purpose of this study was to compare the calf circumference method of classification before (Model #1) and after (Model #2) eliminating the influence of FFAT in healthy Japanese adults (50 to 79 years; mean age 70 (SD 7) years). Model 1, and Model 2 for classifying low muscle mass had a sensitivity of 78% and 64%, specificity of 76% and 75%, positive predictive value of 31% and 28%, and negative predictive value of 96% and 93%, respectively. Appendicular fat-free component of adipose tissue has the potential to influence the ability of calf circumference to accurately classify individuals with low muscle mass. Consideration should be made when using this as a screening tool for low muscle mass.

Skeletal muscle mass: evaluation of neutron activation and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry methods

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Wang ◽  
M. Visser ◽  
R. Ma ◽  
R. N. Baumgartner ◽  
D. Kotler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Although skeletal muscle (SM) is a major body component, whole body measurement methods remain limited and inadequately investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Burkinshaw in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNA)-whole body 40K-counting and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods of estimating SM by comparison to adipose tissue-free SM measured using multiscan computerized axial tomography (CT). In the Burkinshaw method the potassium-to-nitrogen ratios of SM and non-SM lean tissue are assumed constant; in the DXA method the ratio of appendicular SM to total SM is assumed constant at 0.75. Seventeen healthy men [77.5 +/- 13.8 (SD) kg body wt] and eight men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; 65.5 +/- 7.6 kg) completed CT, IVNA, and DXA studies. SM measured by CT was 34.4 +/- 6.2 kg for the healthy subjects and 27.2 +/- 4.0 kg for the AIDS patients. Compared with CT, the Burkinshaw method underestimated SM by an average of 6.9 kg (20.1%, P = 0.0001) and 6.3 kg (23.2%, P = 0.01) in the healthy men and the men with AIDS, respectively. The DXA method minimally overestimated SM in both groups (2.0 kg and 5.8% in healthy men, P = 0.001; 1.4 kg and 5.1% in men with AIDS, P = 0.16). This overestimate could be explained by a higher actual than assumed ratio of DXA-measured appendicular SM to total body SM (actual = 0.79 +/- 0.05, assumed = 0.75). The current study results reveal that large errors are present in the Burkinshaw SM method and that substantial refinements in the models that form the basis of this IVNA approach are needed. The model on which the DXA-SM method is based also needs further minor refinements, but this is a promising in vivo approach because of less radiation exposure and lower cost than the IVNA and CT methods.

scholarly journals Cross calibration of two dual-energy X-ray densitometers and comparison of visceral adipose tissue measurements by iDXA and MRI

Obesity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reinhardt ◽  
Paolo Piaggi ◽  
Barbara DeMers ◽  
Cathy Trinidad ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cross Calibration ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Dual X-ray absorptiometry whole body composition of adipose tissue in rheumatoid arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
C. Popescu ◽  
Violeta Bojincă ◽  
Daniela Opriş ◽  
Ruxandra Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Postmenopausal Female

Abstract Aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may influence not only abdominal fat, but also whole body adiposity, since it is associated with chronic inflammation and disability. The study aims to evaluate the whole body adiposity of RA patients and to assess potential influences of disease specific measures. Methods. The study was designed to include Caucasian postmenopausal female RA patients and age-matched postmenopausal female controls. Each subject underwent on the same day clinical examination, laboratory tests, whole body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) composition and physical activity estimation using a self-administered questionnaire. Results. A total of 107 RA women and 104 matched controls were included. Compared to controls, the RA group had less physical activity and a higher prevalence of normal weight obesity. Overfat RA women had a significantly higher toll of inflammation, disease activity, glucocorticoid treatment and sedentary behavior. RA women with inflammation, glucocorticoid treatment and higher disease activity class had higher whole body and trunk adipose tissue indices and higher prevalence of overfat status. Glucocorticoid treatment, inflammation, disease duration and severity correlated with whole body adipose tissue and significantly predicted high adiposity content and overfat phenotypes. Conclusions. RA disease duration and severity are associated with higher whole body and regional adiposity. Low-dose glucocorticoid treatment seems to contribute to adiposity gain and redistribution. Clinicians may need to assess body composition and physical activity in RA patients in order to fully manage cardiovascular outcomes and quality of life.

Reduced plasma FFA availability increases net triacylglycerol degradation, but not GPAT or HSL activity, in human skeletal muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. E120-E127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Watt ◽  
Anna G. Holmes ◽  
Gregory R. Steinberg ◽  
Jose L. Mesa ◽  
Bruce E. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Intramuscular triacylglycerols (IMTG) are proposed to be an important metabolic substrate for contracting muscle, although this remains controversial. To test the hypothesis that reduced plasma free fatty acid (FFA) availability would increase IMTG degradation during exercise, seven active men cycled for 180 min at 60% peak pulmonary O2 uptake either without (CON) or with (NA) prior ingestion of nicotinic acid to suppress adipose tissue lipolysis. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsy samples were obtained before and at 90 and 180 min of exercise. NA ingestion decreased ( P < 0.05) plasma FFA at rest and completely suppressed the exercise-induced increase in plasma FFA (180 min: CON, 1.42 ± 0.07; NA, 0.10 ± 0.01 mM). The decreased plasma FFA during NA was associated with decreased ( P < 0.05) adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity (CON: 13.9 ± 2.5, NA: 9.1 ± 3.0 nmol·min−1·mg protein−1). NA ingestion resulted in decreased whole body fat oxidation and increased carbohydrate oxidation. Despite the decreased whole body fat oxidation, net IMTG degradation was greater in NA compared with CON (net change: CON, 2.3 ± 0.8; NA, 6.3 ± 1.2 mmol/kg dry mass). The increased IMTG degradation did not appear to be due to reduced fatty acid esterification, because glycerol 3-phosphate activity was not different between trials and was unaffected by exercise (rest: 0.21 ± 0.07; 180 min: 0.17 ± 0.04 nmol·min−1·mg protein−1). HSL activity was not increased from resting rates during exercise in either trial despite elevated plasma epinephrine, decreased plasma insulin, and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1 activity was not affected by exercise or NA, whereas AMPKα2 activity was increased ( P < 0.05) from rest during exercise in NA and was greater ( P < 0.05) than in CON at 180 min. These data suggest that plasma FFA availability is an important mediator of net IMTG degradation, and in the absence of plasma FFA, IMTG degradation cannot maintain total fat oxidation. These changes in IMTG degradation appear to disassociate, however, from the activity of the key enzymes responsible for synthesis and degradation of this substrate.

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