Effect of surface tension on alveolar surface area

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Butler ◽  
Richard E. Brown ◽  
Dimitrije Stamenović ◽  
John P. Morris ◽  
George P. Topulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Altered Surface ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Alveolar Surface ◽  
Surface Tension Change ◽  
Effect Of Surface

At fixed lung volume (Vl), alterations in surface tension change alveolar surface area (S) and lung recoil (Pl). Wilson (26), using data from fixed lungs (1, 9), quantified the isovolume change in S with Pl. We reexamined this question in fresh excised rabbit lungs, with two important differences. First, we measured fractional changes in S by using diffuse light scattering, avoiding the potential upset of the balance of tissue and surface forces during fixation. Second, we altered surface tension by ventilating the lungs with nebulized polydimethylsiloxane, with much less residual fluid compared with lavage. We found that S decreased at low and mid Vl(treatment surface tension > control) by about half of Wilson's estimates and was nearly unaffected by treatment at high Vl. This suggests that with increased surface tension there is 1) greater septal retraction in lungs fixed by vascular perfusion compared with unfixed lungs and 2) a greater increase in Pl and less loss of S than would have been predicted.

Influence of Fining Temperature on Glass Qualities

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 1906-1911
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Liu ◽  
Jun Lin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Soda Lime Silica Glass ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Surface Tension Change

To study the influence of fining temperature on glass qualities, different fining temperatures from 1400°C to 1500°C were used to prepare a series soda-lime-silica glass with identical chemical compositions. Infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the water content of glass, general analyzer of melt physical properties was used to study the viscosity and surface tension change of glass melt, microscope was carried out find glass bubbles, wet chemical analyses were used to determine the Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio. The results show that, generally, with the increase of fining temperature, the glass melt’s water content, bubbles number and Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio increase, viscosity decreases. Particularly, when the fining temperature is 1450°C, the glass has lowest water content, bubbles number, Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio, and viscosity, and its surface tension is largest. Among all tested fining temperature, 1450°C is the optimal fining temperature.

Pulmonary epithelial liquid absorption, expressed in relation to alveolar surface area, is reduced in fetal lambs following in utero tracheal occlusion

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Davey ◽  
H.L. Hedrick ◽  
J.M. Mendoza ◽  
M. Kanai ◽  
N.S. Adzick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Tracheal Occlusion ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Liquid Absorption ◽  
Alveolar Surface

Nanometer-Sized Water Bridge and Pull-Off Force in AFM at Different Relative Humidities: Reproducibility Measurement and Model Based on Surface Tension Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bartošík ◽  
Lukáš Kormoš ◽  
Lukáš Flajšman ◽  
Radek Kalousek ◽  
Jindřich Mach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Bridge ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Surface Tension Change

scholarly journals Effects of leptin deficiency on postnatal lung development in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewu Huang ◽  
Richard Rabold ◽  
Eric Abston ◽  
Brian Schofield ◽  
Vikas Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Leptin Deficiency ◽  
Postnatal Lung Development ◽  
Alveolar Surface

Leptin modulates energy metabolism and lung development. We hypothesize that the effects of leptin on postnatal lung development are volume dependent from 2 to 10 wk of age and are independent of hypometabolism associated with leptin deficiency. To test the hypotheses, effects of leptin deficiency on lung maturation were characterized in age groups of C57BL/6J mice with varying Lep ob genotypes. Quasi-static pressure-volume curves and respiratory impedance measurements were performed to profile differences in respiratory system mechanics. Morphometric analysis was conducted to estimate alveolar size and number. Oxygen consumption was measured to assess metabolic rate. Lung volume at 40-cmH2O airway pressure (V40) increased with age in each genotypic group, and V40 was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower in leptin-deficient ( ob/ ob) mice beginning at 2 wk. Differences were amplified through 7 wk of age relative to wild-type (+/+) mice. Morphometric analysis showed that alveolar surface area was lower in ob/ ob compared with +/+ and heterozygote ( ob/+) mice beginning at 2 wk. Unlike the other genotypic groups, alveolar size did not increase with age in ob/ ob mice. In another experiment, ob/ ob at 4 wk received leptin replacement (5 μg·g−1·day−1) for 8 days, and expression levels of the Col1a1, Col3a1, Col6a3, Mmp2, Tieg1, and Stat1 genes were significantly increased concomitantly with elevated V40. Leptin-induced increases in V40 corresponded with enlarged alveolar size and surface area. Gene expression suggested a remodeling event of lung parenchyma after exogenous leptin replacement. These data support the hypothesis that leptin is critical to postnatal lung remodeling, particularly related to increased V40 and enlarged alveolar surface area.

Cancer cachexia alters intracellular surfactant metabolism but not total alveolar surface area

2012 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Graulich ◽  
Suman Kumar Das ◽  
Gabriela Krasteva ◽  
Clemens Ruppert ◽  
Lars Wessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Alveolar Surface ◽  
Surfactant Metabolism

Estrogen receptor regulation of pulmonary alveolar dimensions: alveolar sexual dimorphism in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. L866-L870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Massaro ◽  
Gloria DeCarlo Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Alveolar Surface ◽  
Respective Species

Female rats and mice have smaller and, per body mass (BM), more alveoli and alveolar surface area (Sa) than males of their respective species. This sexual dimorphism becomes apparent about the time of sexual maturity. It is prevented in rats (not tested in mice) by ovariectomy at age 3 wk. In female mice, estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β are required for formation of alveoli of appropriate size and number. We now report the average volume of an alveolus (v̄a) and the number of alveoli per body mass (Na/BM) were not statistically different between ER-α−/− and wild type (wt) males. However, the combination of a larger value for v̄a and a smaller value for Na/BM, though neither parameter achieved a statistically significant intergroup difference, resulted in a statistically significant lower Sa/BM in ER-α−/− males compared with wt males. In ER-β−/− males, v̄a was bigger and Na/BM and Sa/BM were lower compared with wt males. Wt males had larger alveoli and lower Na/BM and Sa/BM than wt females. The wt sexual dimorphism of v̄a, Na/BM, and Sa/BM was absent in ER-α−/− mice. Alveolar size did not differ between ER-β−/− females and males but Na/BM and Sa/BM were greater in ER-β−/− females than in ER-β−/− males. The results in male mice, with prior findings in female mice, 1) demonstrate estrogen receptors have a smaller effect on alveolar dimensions in male than female mice, 2) show ER-α and ER-β are required for the sexual dimorphism of alveolar size, and 3) show ER-α is needed for the sexual dimorphism of body mass-specific alveolar number and surface area.

Effect of change in particle number on pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2750-2755 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Groth ◽  
J. Mortensen ◽  
P. Lange ◽  
S. Vest ◽  
N. Rossing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Pulmonary Clearance ◽  
Jet Nebulizers ◽  
Alveolar Surface

Pulmonary clearance (PCl) of inhaled aerosolized 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) across the alveolocapillary membrane is diffusion limited. Therefore, if the mixing of the 99mTc-DTPA in the aqueous hypophase underlying surfactant is slow or incomplete or if there were no hypophase, an increase in the alveolar surface area occupied by 99mTc-DTPA particles would increase the absorption rate. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is an effect on PCl of changing the number of inhaled particles. The change in particle number was accomplished by a setup of four parallel jet nebulizers feeding a central delivery chamber of 400 cm3. We performed two kinds of experiments in eight healthy nonsmokers between 28 and 52 yr of age. In the first experiment, 99mTc-DTPA in saline was nebulized in one nebulizer, while saline was nebulized in the other three. In the second experiment the number of inhaled particles containing 99mTc-DTPA was increased by a factor of four by nebulizing 99mTc-DTPA in saline in all four nebulizers simultaneously. Increasing the number of inhaled 99mTc-DTPA particles caused an increase in PCl of 24.2% (P less than 0.01). We conclude that there is a slight but significant effect of changing the number of DTPA particles on PCl and that this is probably due to an uneven mixing of the 99mTc-DTPA in the aqueous hypophase underlying the surfactant lining and the alveoli.

Estimating alveolar surface area during life

1992 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J.H. Colebatch ◽  
C.K.Y. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Alveolar Surface

Determination of alveolar surface area and tension from in situ pressure-volume data

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Fisher ◽  
Michael F. Wilson ◽  
Kenneth C. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Alveolar Surface
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