The effect of gastric electrical stimulation on canine gastric slow waves

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. G956-G962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong Xing ◽  
Frederick Brody ◽  
Michael Rosen ◽  
J. D. Z. Chen ◽  
Edy Soffer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Gastric Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Gastric Slow Waves ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Long Pulse

This study determined the most efficient parameters of low-frequency/long-pulse gastric electrical stimulation (GES) required to entrain gastric slow waves and also evaluated the effect of entrainment and high-frequency, short-pulse GES on gastric electrical activity (GEA). Nine dogs were fitted with stimulation wires along the greater curvature. Entrainment was observed in six or seven animals, with long-pulse GES at six cycles per minute (cpm), at various combinations of current and pulse width and was directly related to the energy delivered. Entrainment was observed in four to seven animals, with GES at 12 cpm, and the maximal driven frequency was 6 cpm. Entrainment did not significantly increase the dominant power of GEA. High-frequency, short-pulse GES, using pulse trains of 14 Hz, 5 mA, and 330 μs, with 0.1 s on and 5 s off, and pulse trains of 40 Hz, 10 mA, and 330 μs, with 2 s on 3 s off, did not affect variables of GEA. We conclude that acute low-frequency GES but not high-frequency, short-pulse GES can entrain slow waves; the power of slow waves is not affected by either type of stimulation.

Electrical stimulation with pulse trains impairs gastric slow waves in dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A680
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Xu ◽  
Douglas Brining ◽  
Zhishun Wang ◽  
Lijie Wang ◽  
Jiande Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Gastric Slow Waves

Gastric electrical stimulation inhibits postprandial antral tone partially via nitrergic pathway in conscious dogs

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. R904-R908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
J. D. Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gastric Electrical Stimulation ◽  
State Control ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has recently been explored as a therapeutic option for gastrointestinal motility disorders or obesity. The mechanism behind it is not fully elucidated. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of GES with different parameters on antral tone and to explore the involvement of the nitrergic pathway. Eight dogs equipped with a gastric cannula and one pair of serosal electrodes in the greater curvature 4 cm above the pylorus were studied on separate days. The study was composed of seven randomized sessions in the fed state [control, GES with different parameters, and GES plus neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor]. Each session included three consecutive 30-min periods (baseline, GES, and recovery). GES was performed with long pulses or pulse trains. The antral volume was measured using an intragastric balloon connected with a barostat device. Behaviors of the dogs during each stimulation period were also noted. We found that 1) postprandial antral tone was reduced with GES with all tested parameter settings, reflected as a significant and substantial increase in antral volume ranging from 179 to 309%; 2) the inhibitory effect of GES on antral tone was partially blocked (decreased by 39.5%) with an nNOS inhibitor; and 3) mild symptoms were induced with GES and found to be correlated with the GES-induced increase in antral volume. We conclude that retrograde GES with long pulses or pulse trains inhibits antral tone, and this inhibitory effect is partially mediated via the nitrergic pathway. These results suggest that retrograde GES may have a therapeutic potential for obesity.

scholarly journals Synchronized gastric electrical stimulation improves vagotomy-induced impairment in gastric accommodation via the nitrergic pathway in dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. G310-G318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Thillai Koothan ◽  
Jiande D. Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Gastric Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Proximal Stomach ◽  
Gastric Accommodation ◽  
Gastric Tone ◽  
Gastric Dysrhythmia ◽  
Gastric Slow Waves

Impaired gastric accommodation and gastric dysrhythmia are common in gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Recent studies have shown that synchronized gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) accelerates gastric emptying and enhances antral contractions in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of SGES on gastric accommodation and slow waves impaired by vagotomy in dogs. Gastric tone, compliance, and accommodation as well as slow waves with and without SGES were assessed in seven female regular dogs and seven dogs with bilateral truncal vagotomy, chronically implanted with gastric serosal electrodes and a gastric cannula. We found that 1) vagotomy impaired gastric accommodation that was normalized by SGES. The postprandial increase in gastric volume was 283.5 ± 50.6 ml in the controlled dogs, 155.2 ± 49.2 ml in the vagotomized dogs, and 304.0 ± 57.8 ml in the vagotomized dogs with SGES. The ameliorating effect of SGES was no longer observed after application of Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA); 2) vagotomy did not alter gastric compliance whereas SGES improved gastric compliance in the vagotomized dogs, and the improvement was also blocked by l-NNA; and 3) vagotomy impaired antral slow wave rhythmicity in both fasting and fed states. SGES at the proximal stomach enhanced the postprandial rhythmicity and amplitude (dominant power) of the gastric slow waves in the antrum. In conclusion, SGES with appropriate parameters restores gastric accommodation and improves gastric slow waves impaired by vagotomy. The improvement in gastric accommodation with SGES is mediated via the nitrergic pathway. Combined with previously reported findings (enhanced antral contractions and accelerated gastric emptying) and findings in this study (improved gastric accommodation and slow waves), SGES may be a viable therapy for gastroparesis.

scholarly journals Synchronized Dual Pulse Gastric Electrical Stimulation Induces Activation of Enteric Glial Cells in Rats with Diabetic Gastroparesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Nian Wang ◽  
Xue Shi ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Gastric Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastric Slow Waves ◽  
Enteric Glial Cells ◽  
Before And After

Objective.The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of synchronized dual pulse gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) on gastric motility in different periods for diabetic rats and try to explore the possible mechanisms of the effects.Methods.Forty-six rats were used in the study. Gastric slow waves were recorded at baseline, 7–14-day diabetes and 56–63-day diabetes before and after stimulation and the age-matched control groups. SGES-60 mins and SGES-7 days (60 mins/day) were performed to test the effects on gastric motility and to evaluate glial marker S100B expression in stomach.Results.(1) Gastric emptying was accelerated in 7–14-day diabetes and delayed in 56–63-day diabetes. (2) The S100B expression in 56–63-day diabetes decreased and the ultrastructure changed. (3) The age-associated loss of EGC was observed in 56–63-day control group. (4) SGES was able to not only accelerate gastric emptying but also normalize gastric slow waves. (5) The S100B expression increased after SGES and the ultrastructure of EGC was partially restored. The effect of SGES-7 days was superior to SGES-60 mins.Conclusions.Delayed gastric emptying due to the growth of age may be related to the EGC inactivation. The effects of the SGES on gastric motility may be associated with EGC activation.

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Insula in Chronic Pain: A Theoretical Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
David Bergeron ◽  
Sami Obaid ◽  
Marie-Pierre Fournier-Gosselin ◽  
Alain Bouthillier ◽  
Dang Khoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction: To date, clinical trials of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for refractory chronic pain have yielded unsatisfying results. Recent evidence suggests that the posterior insula may represent a promising DBS target for this indication. Methods: We present a narrative review highlighting the theoretical basis of posterior insula DBS in patients with chronic pain. Results: Neuroanatomical studies identified the posterior insula as an important cortical relay center for pain and interoception. Intracranial neuronal recordings showed that the earliest response to painful laser stimulation occurs in the posterior insula. The posterior insula is one of the only regions in the brain whose low-frequency electrical stimulation can elicit painful sensations. Most chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, had abnormal functional connectivity of the posterior insula on functional imaging. Finally, preliminary results indicated that high-frequency electrical stimulation of the posterior insula can acutely increase pain thresholds. Conclusion: In light of the converging evidence from neuroanatomical, brain lesion, neuroimaging, and intracranial recording and stimulation as well as non-invasive stimulation studies, it appears that the insula is a critical hub for central integration and processing of painful stimuli, whose high-frequency electrical stimulation has the potential to relieve patients from the sensory and affective burden of chronic pain.

Gnashing induced by electrical stimulation of rabbit brain cortex

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yojiro Kawamura ◽  
Shusaku Tsukamoto ◽  
Kiyokatsu Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Chewing Movement ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Gnashing was induced in rabbits by high-frequency cortical stimulation. The frequencies ranged from 60 to 1000 cycle/sec. Strictly circumscribed anteromedial cortical areas were responsive to stimulation. These loci are similar to those which induced chewing movements with low-frequency stimulation (30 cycle/ sec). Electrical stimulation within the above-described range induced gnashing of a constant rhythm of 3–4 cycle/sec that was almost independent of the stimulation frequency. The rate of experimentally induced gnashing is slower than the rate of experimentally induced chewing movements of 5–6 cycle/sec. Gnashing motion of the lower jaw consisted of the vertical and dominant lateral movements; the lateral deflection was more predominant than that of the chewing movement. Gnashing was readily induced with low-frequency stimulation after topical application of a 0.5% solution of strychnine nitrate on the cortical jaw motor area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document