I. Age-related changes in the enteric nervous system

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. G489-G495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Age Related Changes

As we enter the 21st century, the segment of the population that is the most rapidly expanding is that comprised of individuals 85 yr of age and older. Dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, including dysphagia, constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome are more common complaints of the elderly, yet our knowledge of the aging GI tract is incomplete. Compared with the rapid advances in the neurobiology of aging in the central nervous system, the understanding of age-related changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) is poor. In this brief review, I recap experiments that reveal neurodegenerative changes and their functional correlates in the ENS of mice, rats, and guinea pigs. Clinical literature seems indicative of similar structural and functional age-related changes in the human ENS. Current studies that address the mechanisms underlying age-related changes in the ENS are introduced. The future directions for this field include physiological and pharmacological studies, especially at cellular and molecular levels. Research in the aging ENS is poised to make major advances, and this new knowledge will be useful for clinicians seeking to better understand and treat GI dysfunction in the elderly.

Age-related changes in lipid peroxidation in various structures of the central nervous system

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
I. A. Volchegorskii ◽  
S. E. Shemyakov ◽  
I. B. Telesheva ◽  
N. V. Malinovskaya ◽  
V. V. Turygin
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Potential neuro-immune therapeutic targets in irritable bowel syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482091063
Author(s):  
Maite Casado-Bedmar ◽  
Åsa V. Keita
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by recurring abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits. The aetiology of IBS is unknown but there is evidence that genetic, environmental and immunological factors together contribute to the development of the disease. Current treatment of IBS includes lifestyle and dietary interventions, laxatives or antimotility drugs, probiotics, antispasmodics and antidepressant medication. The gut–brain axis comprises the central nervous system, the hypothalamic pituitary axis, the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Within the intestinal mucosa there are close connections between immune cells and nerve fibres of the enteric nervous system, and signalling between, for example, mast cells and nerves has shown to be of great importance during GI disorders such as IBS. Communication between the gut and the brain is most importantly routed via the vagus nerve, where signals are transmitted by neuropeptides. It is evident that IBS is a disease of a gut–brain axis dysregulation, involving altered signalling between immune cells and neurotransmitters. In this review, we analyse the most novel and distinct neuro-immune interactions within the IBS mucosa in association with already existing and potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Muscle Fatigue Resistance in Humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ming Chan ◽  
Asim J. Raja ◽  
Fay J. Strohschein ◽  
Katherine Lechelt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective:The goal of this study was to compare the relative contributions from the muscle and the central nervous system to muscle fatigue resistance in aging.Methods:Each subject carried out 90 s of sustained maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the thumb using the thenar and forearm thumb muscles. Contractile capacity of the thenar muscles was assessed through tetanic stimulation of the median nerve. Interpolated doublets delivered during an MVC represented the overall voluntary activation level while transcranial cortical stimulation with an electromagnetic stimulator was used to assess motor output upstream from the corticomotoneuronal pathway.Results:Nine elderly subjects [four females and five males, 70±9 years old (mean±SD)] and 10 younger subjects (five females and five males, 30±6 years old) were tested. After the fatiguing exercise, the elderly group's MVC declined by 29% as opposed to 47% in the younger group (p<0.01). The elderly group's greater fatigue resistance was accounted for by increased fatigue resistance at the muscle level as well as in the central nervous system. At least some of the decline in the central motor drive was upstream from the corticomotoneuronal pathway.Conclusion:The higher muscle fatigue resistance in the elderly group was attributable to differences in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.

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