scholarly journals Modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis by probiotics in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. G989-G998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Emge ◽  
Kevin Huynh ◽  
Elaine N. Miller ◽  
Manvir Kaur ◽  
Colin Reardon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Novel Object Recognition Task ◽  
Active Inflammation

Anxiety, depression, and altered memory are associated with intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the link between these behavioral changes and IBD is important clinically since concomitant mood disorders often increase a patient's risk of requiring surgery and developing secondary functional gastrointestinal diseases. Anxiety-like behavior (light/dark box test) and recognition memory (novel object recognition task) were determined at the peak and during resolution of inflammation in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model of acute colitis. DSS (5 days) was administered via drinking water followed by 3 or 9 days of normal drinking water to assess behavior during active or resolving inflammation, respectively. Disease (weight, colon length, and histology) was assessed and the composition of the gut microbiota was characterized by using qPCR on fecal pellet DNA. In a subset of mice, pretreatment with probiotics was started 1 wk prior to commencing DSS. During active inflammation (8 days), mice demonstrated impaired recognition memory and exhibited anxiety-like behavior vs. controls. These behavioral defects were normalized by 14 days post-DSS. Shifts in the composition of the gut microbiota were evident during active inflammation, notably as decreases in lactobacilli and segmented filamentous bacteria, which were also reversed once the disease had resolved. Administration of probiotics could prevent the behavioral defects seen in acute DSS. Taken together, our findings indicate that changes in mood and behavior are present during acute inflammation in murine IBD and associated with dysbiosis and that these outcomes can be prevented by the administration of probiotics.

scholarly journals Study Insights into Gastrointestinal Cancer through the Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanli Kong ◽  
Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gi Cancers

The gut microbiome in human is recognized as a “microbial organ” for its roles and contributions in regulating the human homeostasis and metabolism. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), rank as the most common cancer-related deaths worldwide. Evidences have suggested that the disorder of gut microbiota, also named as “dysbiosis,” is related to the development of a variety of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the CRC. However, detailed mechanisms between disease and gut microbiota remain largely unknown. This review introduced the correlation between gastrointestinal diseases and the microbiota in human gut from the recent studies, as well as the roles of microbiota in manipulating the CRC and IBDs development, in order to facilitate future studies and to develop novel methods for the precaution, diagnosis, or even cure of gastrointestinal diseases. Additionally, we also elucidated the possibility of probiotics in treatment against CRC.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition and functional changes in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (472) ◽  
pp. eaap8914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnau Vich Vila ◽  
Floris Imhann ◽  
Valerie Collij ◽  
Soesma A. Jankipersadsing ◽  
Thomas Gurry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Changes in the gut microbiota have been associated with two of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we performed a case-control analysis using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool samples from 1792 individuals with IBD and IBS compared with control individuals in the general population. Despite substantial overlap between the gut microbiome of patients with IBD and IBS compared with control individuals, we were able to use gut microbiota composition differences to distinguish patients with IBD from those with IBS. By combining species-level profiles and strain-level profiles with bacterial growth rates, metabolic functions, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factor analyses, we identified key bacterial species that may be involved in two common gastrointestinal diseases.

scholarly journals The role of the Hippo pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Xie ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Liguo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Hippo Pathway

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder that primarily comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Owing to its increasing prevalence in Eastern countries and the intractable challenges faced during IBD treatment, extensive research on IBD has been carried out over the last few years. Although the precise aetiology of IBD is undefined, the currently accepted hypothesis for IBD pathogenesis considers it to be a combination of environment, genetic predisposition, gut microbiota, and abnormal immunity. A recently emerged signalling pathway, the Hippo pathway, acts as a key regulator of cell growth, tissue homoeostasis, organ size, and has been implicated in several human cancers. In the past few years, studies have revealed the importance of the Hippo pathway in gastrointestinal tract physiology and gastrointestinal diseases, such as colorectal cancer and IBD. However, the role of the Hippo pathway and its exact impact in IBD remains to be elucidated. This review summarises the latest scientific literature on the involvement of this pathway in IBD from the following perspectives that account for the IBD pathogenesis: intestinal epithelial cell regeneration, immune regulation, gut microbiota, and angiogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the specific role of the Hippo pathway in IBD will provide novel insights into future research directions and clinical implications of the Hippo pathway.

Gut microbiota pattern in relation to diet, physical activity and malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: cases-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
Beatriz Garcia-Munoz ◽  
Eduardo Romero-Perez ◽  
Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes ◽  
S Tapia-Paniagua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Tu1789 – Treatment Response to Ustekinumab and Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: the Predictive Role of Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-1124
Author(s):  
Clara Caenepeel ◽  
Sara Vieira-Silva ◽  
Jorge F. Vázquez-Castellanos ◽  
Bram Verstockt ◽  
Marc Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Gut microbiota differs between children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and healthy siblings in taxonomic and functional composition: a metagenomic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. G327-G339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Knoll ◽  
Kristoffer Forslund ◽  
Jens Roat Kultima ◽  
Claudius U. Meyer ◽  
Ulrike Kullmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Sibling Study

Current treatment for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is often ineffective, with serious side effects. Manipulating the gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging treatment approach but remains controversial. We aimed to assess the composition of the fecal microbiome through a comparison of pediatric IBD patients to their healthy siblings, evaluating risks and prospects for FMT in this setting. A case-control (sibling) study was conducted analyzing fecal samples of six children with Crohn’s disease (CD), six children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 12 healthy siblings by metagenomic sequencing. In addition, lifetime antibiotic intake was retrospectively determined. Species richness and diversity were significantly reduced in UC patients compared with control [Mann-Whitney U-test false discovery rate (MWU FDR) = 0.011]. In UC, bacteria positively influencing gut homeostasis, e.g., Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, were significantly reduced in abundance (MWU FDR = 0.05). Known pathobionts like Escherichia coli were enriched in UC patients (MWU FDR = 0.084). Moreover, E. coli abundance correlated positively with that of several virulence genes (SCC > 0.65, FDR < 0.1). A shift toward antibiotic-resistant taxa in both IBD groups distinguished them from controls [MWU Benjamini-Hochberg-Yekutieli procedure (BY) FDR = 0.062 in UC, MWU BY FDR = 0.019 in CD). The collected results confirm a microbial dysbiosis in pediatric UC, and to a lesser extent in CD patients, replicating associations found previously using different methods. Taken together, these observations suggest microbiotal remodeling therapy from family donors, at least for children with UC, as a viable option. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this sibling study, prior reports of microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients from 16S rRNA sequencing was verified using deep shotgun sequencing and augmented with insights into the abundance of bacterial virulence genes and bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants, seen against the background of data on the specific antibiotic intake of each of the study participants. The observed dysbiosis, which distinguishes patients from siblings, highlights such siblings as potential donors for microbiotal remodeling therapy in IBD.

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