Caveolins muscle their way into the regulation of cell differentiation, development, and function. Focus on “Muscle-specific interaction of caveolin isoforms: differential complex formation between caveolins in fibroblastic vs. muscle cells.”

ABSTRACT Notch signaling regulates pancreatic cell differentiation, and mutations of various Notch signaling components result in perturbed pancreas development. Members of the Fringe family of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases, Manic Fringe (MFng), Lunatic Fringe (LFng), and Radical Fringe (RFng), modulate Notch signaling, and MFng has been suggested to regulate pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation. We have characterized the expression of the three mouse Fringe genes in the developing mouse pancreas between embryonic days 9 and 14 and show that the expression of MFng colocalized with the proendocrine transcription factor Ngn3. In contrast, the expression of LFng colocalized with the exocrine marker Ptf1a, whereas RFng was not expressed. Moreover, we show that expression of MFng is lost in Ngn3 mutant mice, providing evidence that MFng is genetically downstream of Ngn3. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses of MFng by the generation of mice that overexpress MFng in early pancreatic progenitor cells and mice with a targeted deletion of MFng provide, however, evidence that MFng is dispensable for pancreas development and function, since no pancreatic defects in these mice were observed.

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Increased Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function Is Necessary for Muscle Cell Differentiation

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.341 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. S131

Author(s):

Neelu E Varghese ◽

Gobinath Shanmugam ◽

Daniel J Bolus ◽

Balu K Chacko ◽

Victor M Darley-Usmar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Muscle Cell ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

Muscle Cell Differentiation ◽

And Function

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Methyl CPG binding protein 2 inhibition by microRNA-22 is required for stem cell differentiation towards smooth muscle cells

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.079 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 241 (1) ◽

pp. e18-e19

Author(s):

H. Zhao ◽

G. Wen ◽

Y. Huang ◽

X. Yu ◽

Q. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Muscle Cells

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Participation of the upstream region of the fibroin gene in the formation of transcription complex in vitro

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.6.11.3928-3933.1986 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 3928-3933

Author(s):

M Tsuda ◽

S Hirose ◽

Y Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Complex Formation ◽

Specific Interaction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Silk Gland ◽

Upstream Region ◽

Fibroin Gene ◽

Transcription Complexes ◽

Posterior Silk Gland

The addition of exogenous histones has an inhibitory effect on fibroin gene transcription in posterior silk gland extracts. The histones probably disturb a process in complex formation, because when transcription complexes were constructed by preincubation of the templates with the extracts, the inhibitory effect of histones was greatly reduced. Transcription of a fibroin gene construct, pFb5' delta-238, having the upstream region beyond the TATA box was relatively less inhibited than that of pFb5' delta-44 lacking the upstream region. This tendency toward differential inhibition was observed in the silk gland extracts but not in a HeLa cell extract and persisted even after complex formation in the silk gland extracts, suggesting a specific interaction of the upstream region with some factors in the extracts. The complexes formed on pFb5' delta-44 are probably more susceptible to the inhibitory effect of histones. On the basis of these results we propose a participation of the upstream region of the fibroin gene in the formation of stable transcription complexes at the promoter through an interaction with specific factors in the silk gland. Since the transcription-enhancing effect via the upstream region is augmented at a high histone/DNA ratio, it may mimic the in vivo situation in which the fibroin gene can be transcribed in the posterior silk gland even in the presence of excess suppressive materials.

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Early embryonic expression ofFGF4/6/9gene and its role in the induction of mesenchyme and notochord inCiona savignyiembryos

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.129.7.1729 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 129 (7) ◽

pp. 1729-1738 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kaoru S. Imai ◽

Nori Satoh ◽

Yutaka Satou

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Nuclear Localization ◽

Target Genes ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Cell Stage ◽

Ciona Savignyi ◽

Mesenchyme Cell ◽

Notochord Cells ◽

Mesenchyme Cells ◽

Endodermal Cells

In early Ciona savignyi embryos, nuclear localization of β-catenin is the first step of endodermal cell specification, and triggers the activation of various target genes. A cDNA for Cs-FGF4/6/9, a gene activated downstream of β-catenin signaling, was isolated and shown to encode an FGF protein with features of both FGF4/6 and FGF9/20. The early embryonic expression of Cs-FGF4/6/9 was transient and the transcript was seen in endodermal cells at the 16- and 32-cell stages, in notochord and muscle cells at the 64-cell stage, and in nerve cord and muscle cells at the 110-cell stage; the gene was then expressed again in cells of the nervous system after neurulation. When the gene function was suppressed with a specific antisense morpholino oligo, the differentiation of mesenchyme cells was completely blocked, and the fate of presumptive mesenchyme cells appeared to change into that of muscle cells. The inhibition of mesenchyme differentiation was abrogated by coinjection of the morpholino oligo and synthetic Cs-FGF4/6/9 mRNA. Downregulation of β-catenin nuclear localization resulted in the absence of mesenchyme cell differentiation due to failure of the formation of signal-producing endodermal cells. Injection of synthetic Cs-FGF4/6/9 mRNA in β-catenin-downregulated embryos evoked mesenchyme cell differentiation. These results strongly suggest that Cs-FGF4/6/9 produced by endodermal cells acts an inductive signal for the differentiation of mesenchyme cells. On the other hand, the role of Cs-FGF4/6/9 in the induction of notochord cells is partial; the initial process of the induction was inhibited by Cs-FGF4/6/9 morpholino oligo, but notochord-specific genes were expressed later to form a partial notochord.

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Biosynthesis of titin in cultured skeletal muscle cells.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.109.5.2189 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 2189-2195 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

W B Isaacs ◽

I S Kim ◽

A Struve ◽

A B Fulton

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Large Protein ◽

Time Period ◽

And Function ◽

Triton X ◽

Developing Muscle ◽

Synchronized Cultures

Although significant progress has been made regarding the structure and function of titin, little data exist on the biosynthesis of this large protein in developing muscle. Using pulse-labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation with an anti-titin mAb, we have examined the biosynthesis of titin in synchronized cultures of skeletal muscle cells derived from day 12 chicken embryos. We find that: (a) titin synthesis increases greater than 4-fold during the first week in culture and during this same time period, synthesis of muscle-specific myosin heavy chain increases greater than 12-fold; (b) newly synthesized titin has a t1/2 of approximately 70 h; (c) titin is resistant to extraction with Triton X-100 both during and immediately after its synthesis. These observations suggest that newly synthesized titin molecules are stable proteins that rapidly associate with the cytoskeleton of developing myotubes.

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