Characterization of in vitro gutlike organ formed from mouse embryonic stem cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. C1344-C1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao Ishikawa ◽  
Shinsuke Nakayama ◽  
Tadashi Nakagawa ◽  
Kazuhide Horiguchi ◽  
Hiromi Misawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Embryoid Body ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Pacemaker Activity ◽  
Wide Range

Using an embryoid body (EB) culture system, we have made a functional organlike cluster: the “gut” from embryonic stem (ES) cells (ES gut). There are many types of ES clusters, because ES cells have a pluripotent ability to develop into a wide range of cell types. Before inducing specific differentiation by exogenously added factors, we characterized comprehensive physiological and morphological properties of ES guts. Each ES gut has a hemispherical (or cystic) structure and exhibits spontaneous contractions [mean frequency: 13.5 ± 8.8 cycles per min (cpm)]. A dense distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) was identified by c-Kit immunoreactivity, and specific subcellular structures of ICC and smooth muscle cells were identified with electron microscopy. ICC frequently formed close contacts with the neighboring smooth muscle cells and occasionally formed gap junctions with other ICC. Widely propagating intracellular Ca2+ concentration oscillations were generated in the ES gut from the aggregates of c-Kit immunopositive cells. Plateau potentials, possibly pacemaker potentials in ICC, and electrical slow waves were recorded for the first time. These events were nifedipine insensitive, as in the mouse gut. Our present results indicate that the rhythmic pacemaker activity generated in ICC efficiently spreads to smooth muscle cells and drives spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the ES gut. The present characterization of physiological and morphological properties of ES gut paves the way for making appropriate models to investigate the origin of rhythmicity in the gut.

scholarly journals Myocardin is differentially required for the development of smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. H1707-H1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Hoofnagle ◽  
Ronald L. Neppl ◽  
Erica L. Berzin ◽  
G. C. Teg Pipes ◽  
Eric N. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Embryoid Body ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Atrial Myocytes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Vascular Smcs

Myocardin is a serum response factor (SRF) coactivator exclusively expressed in cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, there is highly controversial evidence as to whether myocardin is essential for normal differentiation of these cell types, and there are no data showing whether cardiac or SMC subtypes exhibit differential myocardin requirements during development. Results of the present studies showed the virtual absence of myocardin−/− visceral SMCs or ventricular myocytes in chimeric myocardin knockout (KO) mice generated by injection of myocardin−/− embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into wild-type (WT; i.e., myocardin+/+ ESC) blastocysts. In contrast, myocardin−/− ESCs readily formed vascular SMC, albeit at a reduced frequency compared with WT ESCs. In addition, myocardin−/− ESCs competed equally with WT ESCs in forming atrial myocytes. The ultrastructural features of myocardin−/− vascular SMCs and cardiomyocytes were unchanged from their WT counterparts as determined using a unique X-ray microprobe transmission electron microscopic method developed by our laboratory. Myocardin−/− ESC-derived SMCs also showed normal contractile properties in an in vitro embryoid body SMC differentiation model, other than impaired thromboxane A2 responsiveness. Together, these results provide novel evidence that myocardin is essential for development of visceral SMCs and ventricular myocytes but is dispensable for development of atrial myocytes and vascular SMCs in the setting of chimeric KO mice. In addition, results suggest that as yet undefined defects in development and/or maturation of ventricular cardiomyocytes may have contributed to early embryonic lethality observed in conventional myocardin KO mice and that observed deficiencies in development of vascular SMC may have been secondary to these defects.

scholarly journals Towards the Maturation and Characterization of Smooth Muscle Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e17771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Vazão ◽  
Ricardo Pires das Neves ◽  
Mário Grãos ◽  
Lino Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells

Pharmacological and Functional Characterization of Bradykinin Receptors in Rat Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 853-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuen-Mao Yang ◽  
Yih-Jeng Tsai ◽  
Shiow-Lin Pan ◽  
Wen-Bin Wu ◽  
Chuan-Chwan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Bradykinin Receptors

scholarly journals Identification and Spatiotemporal Characterization of Spontaneous Ca2+Sparks and Global Ca2+Oscillations in Retinal Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 4409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim M. Curtis ◽  
James Tumelty ◽  
Jennine Dawicki ◽  
C. Norman Scholfield ◽  
J. Graham McGeown
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Retinal Arteriolar

scholarly journals GW28-e1130 Cellular Repressor of E1A-stimulated Genes Promotes Smooth Muscle Cells Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (16) ◽  
pp. C70
Author(s):  
Chengfei Peng ◽  
Xiaoping Shao ◽  
Xiaoxiang Tian ◽  
Chenghui Yan ◽  
Yaling Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells

scholarly journals Characterization of the NADPH Oxidase Complex in Human Myometrial and Leiomyoma Smooth Muscle Cells.

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
Fernando Mesquita ◽  
Erica Marsh ◽  
Mayandi Sivaguru ◽  
Romana Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Complex
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